With the high incidence of cardiovascular diseases, the number of patients undergoing stent implantation has also increased. Regarding the common problems and precautions after surgery, let’s talk to you today.

1. Common problems after stent surgery

1. Psychological problems

Many patients will have varying degrees of psychological problems after stent surgery. Symptoms of autonomic nervous system dysfunction, such as dizziness, poor sleep, cold hands and feet, excessive sweating, etc. In severe cases, panic attacks may occur, such as feeling unusually strong chest tightness, suffocation, difficulty breathing, and thinking that one is having an acute heart attack. If this happens, it is recommended to seek medical treatment in time. After ruling out organic causes such as abnormal cardiopulmonary function, you can pay more attention to the patient's mental state and provide psychological counseling and drug treatment.

2. Physical problems

Precordial discomfort or pain may occur after surgery. There may be two reasons. First, the stent acts as a foreign body and stretches in the coronary artery, just like installing dentures. People will also feel discomfort, and the patient may experience precordial pain and discomfort due to excessive psychological stress, but this is completely different from preoperative angina. The electrocardiogram results are normal and can heal on its own within a short period of time. The second is postoperative complications of acute vascular occlusion, intracoronary thrombosis or acute myocardial infarction. This situation requires emergency coronary angiography for diagnosis and emergency re-interventional treatment to cure it. In addition, symptoms such as abdominal distension, low back pain, nausea, vomiting, and insomnia may occur, which usually disappear within 1 to 3 days.

2. Precautions after stent surgery

Here we must first talk about a concept. After the patient is implanted with a stent, it is not once and for all. First, stent implantation treats myocardial ischemia. Prevent malignant cardiac events such as acute myocardial infarction caused by myocardial ischemia; secondly, the blood vessels with stents can be narrowed again, which is like a blocked sewer. Use the "stent" tool to clear the sewer and allow water to flow smoothly , but if you don’t pay attention, the sewer may still be blocked, so you must pay attention to postoperative self-management.

1. Adhere to taking medication

Stent treatment is only part of the treatment of coronary heart disease. After surgery, you still need to take long-term secondary prevention drugs to control risk factors such as blood pressure, blood lipids and blood sugar. There are two purposes: one is to prevent restenosis at the stent site, and the other is to prevent the severity of other coronary atherosclerosis from aggravating. Commonly used drugs include antiplatelet drugs, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists, and lipid-lowering drugs. Most medications may require lifelong medication.

2. Moderate exercise

Patients who have undergone stent surgery tend to go to two extremes. One is to start paying attention to exercise and then exercise like crazy; the other is to be too cautious and dare not move. . In fact, patients after stent surgery should have an "exercise prescription", follow the principle of gradual progress, and choose appropriate exercise methods according to their own conditions, such as walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, Tai Chi, etc., and moderate exercise. Take walking as an example. The speed and pace of walking should be based on the feeling that you don't feel flustered. You can gradually increase the pace in the future. However, if you experience chest pain, shortness of breath, asthma, or fatigue during exercise and exercise, you should stop immediately.

3. Healthy diet

Pay attention to a low-salt and low-fat diet. Control salt intake. The daily salt intake of healthy adults should not exceed 2.3 grams (about 1 teaspoon); the daily salt intake of people over 50 years old, patients with high blood pressure, diabetes or chronic kidney disease should not exceed 1.5 grams; low You can choose lipoprotein foods such as fish, eggs, lean meats, skimmed milk, beans, etc.; pay attention to controlling the intake of cholesterol and trans fatty acids, eat less fatty meats, creamy animal offal, fried foods, etc., and eat more fruits and vegetables. , ensure the intake of dietary fiber and vitamins.

4. Quit smoking

If coronary heart disease is compared to a fire, smoking is the match that ignites the fire. Tobacco can increase the risk of coronary heart disease in many ways. Compared with non-smokers, smoking after stent surgery doubles the risk of blood vessel re-blockage. Studies have found that the mechanism by which smoking leads to the development of coronary heart disease may be related to damaging vascular endothelial function and inducing vasospasm, aggravating inflammatory reactions, destroying the balance of coagulation function and fibrinolytic system in the body, promoting abnormal lipid metabolism, causing oxidative stress reactions, and aggravating hypertension. , related to factors such as drug interactions.