Horsehead stringed instrument

Enkh is a professional piano producer with nearly 20 years of piano production experience. He studied Ma Touqin's vocal principles and sculpture art for many years, and accumulated rich piano making and tuning techniques. He made the horsehead.

The piano is exquisite in workmanship, mellow in timbre and has a real grassland style, which is suitable for playing in various places. His Ma Touqin has been sold at home and abroad, winning the favor of users. He has collected various Ma Touqin textbooks, playing methods and Ma Touqin songs for many years.

Spectrum is provided to users or beginners in Ma Touqin, which provides convenient conditions for everyone to learn Ma Touqin.

Among the hundred gardens of Mongolian national music culture, Ma Touqin is outstanding and dazzling. When you come into contact with Ma Touqin who is affectionate and euphemistic, you will naturally be attracted by her pure timbre and grassland customs, and realize the hardworking and simple character of Mongolian people.

horse

Touqin, called "Molinhur" by Mongolians, is a representative musical instrument of Mongolians. Ma Touqin also has a good structure.

Convenient to carry: a proud horse's head stands upright above, the slender piano rod is connected with the trapezoidal resonance box, and the two chords are separated.

There are two strings on the left and right sides of the horse's head, and there is a bow beside it. Seen from the front, this piano looks like a deformed bust of a horse.

Ma Touqin's timbre is simple and rich, very close to human voice. Play in a sitting position with a box between your legs. early stage

Ma Touqin mainly plays epic rap and folk songs. Folk songs are Ma Touqin's songs. When the voice rises, they can be played with the voice of the piano.

Especially the combination with Mongolian "Urtulu Road" (that is, long-tune folk songs) has the charm of grassland culture. With the development of society, Ma Touqin entered the art palace.

Lusheng is the main musical instrument of Miao nationality, which is made of bamboo and varies in size. Lusheng is an ancient Lusheng musical instrument, and there are about two kinds.

It has a history of more than 1000 years and is popular among southern ethnic minorities, among which Miao and Dong are the most prosperous. Although Lusheng evolved from Hulusheng,

Come, but the shape is not similar to sheng, it is composed of sheng bucket, sheng tube, reed and * * * speaker. Cunninghamia lanceolata or Platanus acerifolia are sacred beans.

It is made by hollowing out, with long body, air holes at the thin end and holes for installing the whole tube in the middle. Traditional Lusheng only has a sheng tube.

have

Six dead bamboos with different lengths are vertically inserted into the sound box in two rows, and at the position of each empty pipe near the sheng bucket,

There are 1 sound pressure holes, the upper end of the pipe is provided with a sound outlet, and a copper spring is embedded in the sheng pipe inserted into the sound box. Play (a wind instrument)

At this time, air enters from the mouthpiece, vibrates the reed, and presses the hole with your finger to make sound. The timbre is clear and pleasant, with both the timbre of spring and pipe, which is close to the timbre of western water pipe instruments to some extent.

The obvious difference between Lusheng, Shengsheng and Hulusheng is that the sound hole at the upper end of the sheng tube is covered with a bamboo horn or a * * * horn, or folded into a triangle with bamboo pieces.

Horn, it plays a good role in making sound, making the volume loud and beautiful.

Hulusi and Bawu are both national musical instruments in Yunnan. Hulusi has a long history and its origin can be traced back to.

reach

In the pre-Qin era, it evolved from Hulusheng. The structure still maintains the legacy of ancient musical instruments-Xiao Guan.

The number is exactly the same as that of the three pipes, and the two auxiliary pipes are exactly the same as those of the ancient flute, without sound holes, but emit a continuous fifth interval.

It is vivid with the ancient "harmony but difference". But its director opened seven sound holes, which are very close to the later flutes.

Like, and shows its leap in history. Huluxiao is often used to play folk songs and other folk tunes, which is most suitable for playing.

Music or dance music with smooth melody, which generally has many long notes and rich chorus and music.

The voice is soft and harmonious, which can better express the thoughts and feelings of the players. Among them, six cucurbits can play single tone, double tone, single tone plus sustained tone and two.

Chord melody plus sustained tone. It not only maintains the unique timbre and style of the original instrument, but also increases the volume, expands the range and enriches the timbre and expressive force.

Sanxian originated from ancient stringed instruments and was the main accompaniment instrument of Yuanqu in Yuan Dynasty. The structure of Sanxian is relatively simple and can be divided into

Head, stem and drum are composed of head, string, mountain pass, stem, drum stand, membrane, horse and string, and some of them are equipped with shifting mountain pass. The piano head is mostly shovel-shaped, which is the decorative part of the three strings, and is generally embedded with bone flowers or carved flowers.

Decorative, with a chord groove in the middle, a chord hole at the edge of the groove, and three chords on both sides of the piano head. The piano rod is a semi-circular cylinder, and the smooth surface is a fingerboard with three strings. The upper end is stuck with a mountain pass, and the lower end is square and inserted into the drum, with the three strings being the most obvious.

The characteristic of this book is that the piano has no character. Qin drum, also called drum or drum head, is a three-stringed * * * sounding box with an oval drum frame and embroidered leather on both sides (there are also wooden boards, Japanese cat skin, called Sanwei Line). Qin Ma put it in the center of python skin. The strings are made of silk, from

The treble string starts from the outer string, the middle string and the inner string. The outer string uses the auxiliary string, the middle string uses the second string, and the inner string uses the old string. One end of the string is tied to the diamond-shaped wooden shell under the drum, and the other end is wound around the three string shafts respectively. In recent years, nylon steel wire strings have been used in Sanxian.

Dombrat

Kazakhs play musical instruments, mainly Dombrat, Cheretil, Sazi, Jetgen and Picric.

winter

Bra is the most popular traditional musical instrument of Kazak nationality. There are many kinds of dongbula, most of which are made of a whole piece of pine or birch. They are finely carved and beautifully inlaid. In the form of Dongbula, a horn is triangular, and Kazakhstan is modern.

The great poet Abayi named it "Abayi Winter Bula". A loudspeaker is oval, named after Aken Zambur, a Kazakh folk, and is called "Zambur Winter Bula". These two winter blahs have different shapes and timbres. In addition, they should

There are differences in history, region, tribe, cultural psychology and living customs among Kazakhs, and there are other forms of Dongbula among the people. According to incomplete statistics, there are about a dozen varieties.

The reed-less whistle instrument "Tuliang" is also called "Tuowei".

Popular in Dehong Prefecture. It is made of something about 45 centimeters long.

It is also useful to make a thin bamboo tube with a square blowing hole in the middle.

Two or three sections of bamboo tubes are sleeved together.

When playing, the left thumb is placed at the left nozzle and the right palm is placed.

Set the nozzle, and do all kinds of stuffy combinations and cooperation with both hands.

With the change of blowing strength, you can blow more than two octaves.

Sound. Mostly used for solo or folk group dance accompaniment. musical creation

Such as "Harvest Song" and "Tits Singing". Most of them are envoys of Jingpo nationality.

Use.

Many people have eaten snails, and many people relish snails. But have you ever heard the sound and sweet rhythm of a snail flute made of snail shells?

field

The snail flute, originally a children's toy belonging to the Zhuang nationality in Jingxi, has been displayed in the Jingxi National Museum for many years, but it was not until two years ago that the imitation snail flute of the Zhuang nationality was excavated. From June 5, 2002 to 10, Jingxi County organized the Zhuang Museum and local people.

Based on folk word-of-mouth and records of local chronicles of Zhuang nationality, after a period of hard exploration, artists have done a lot of planning and improvement work from many aspects such as styles, varieties and sound quality, and finally tried out a rich and beautiful tone.

Snail flute.

The onomatopoeic word Luodi of Zhuang nationality has a long history in Jingxi and other places, but it has not attracted people's attention for many years. The method of making snail flute is very simple. Just choose a big snail and cut off the tip of its tail as a sound hole.

Remove the inner meat, open a flute hole about 2 cm away from the big mouth, and paste the flute membrane. When playing, the mouth sticks to the flute mouth, simulating the tune of the song to sing, and the sound becomes flute sound through the vibration of the flute membrane, and the sound quality is not only like bass,

It also has the sound of wind instruments. The mother-of-pearl can play folk tunes, Zhuang opera, five-lun tunes and so on, and the timbre is better when it is matched with Ma Guhu, Huluhu and Huluqin of Zhuang nationality.

River snail flute? In fact, this is a kind of emission.

The original ecological folk culture with local fragrance. In July, 20001,a Korean folk culture delegation went to Jingxi, and also specially discussed and exchanged folk culture such as snail flute and gourd Hu. 2002 1 1

In June, Mao Zedong's daughter-in-law, General Shao Hua, visited Jingxi, and took photos of snail flute, which was published in the Beijing media, causing widespread concern.

Through the mellow rhythm of the flute, we deeply appreciate the profoundness and profound connotation of Zhuang folk culture.

this

Bushe is an ancient wind instrument of Kazak nationality. Its predecessor was made of "a grass in Wen Cong" (similar to reed) growing on the grassland, and now it is mostly supported by pine trees. Spouse's forehead is hollow without spring, and the tube is opened with three holes, four holes or five holes.

The pipes are tied with thin wire, and some are wrapped with wooden flutes for protecting sheep intestines. When playing, put the mouthpiece in your mouth, block most of the mouthpiece with the tip of your tongue, and leave a small mouth as the mouthpiece. When the instrument is pronounced, it is accompanied by a continuous bass from the throat.

Divided into two parts. Music is mostly composed of five notes, the rhythm is free, the treble is controlled by breath, and overtones can be played. Its volume is very low and its tone is soft. Because there are no fixed specifications for musical instruments, the range is generally f 1-

B2. When some herders play on the quiet grassland, they often attract deer from far away to listen to the performances of the stalls. They slowly left when they found that their partner was not calling them. kazakh

Irtysh River is Spielberg's masterpiece, which describes the natural scenery of Irtysh River.

The historical shakuhachi is an ancient wind instrument in China. It comes from bamboo and is one foot eight inches long. It was quite popular during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, but it was rarely used after the Song Dynasty. & gt& gt

Shakuhachi spread eastward to Japan during the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

1300 years ago, shakuhachi spread to Japan.

During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Japanese sent envoys to China many times, and many Chinese musical instruments also spread to Japan.

according to

Sun Yicheng, Deputy Research Librarian of Zhejiang International Cultural Exchange Association, Textual Research on Japanese shakuhachi originated in Hangzhou, China. In the Southern Song Dynasty, a famous Japanese monk, Juexin, came to Wang Ren Temple in Hangzhou, China to study. During this period, he learned to play from Zhang Shen.

Give full play to the skill of "shakuhachi" and bring back shakuhachi and his songs "Virtual Bell" and "Void" when returning to China.

Wait a minute. Later, Xinjue founded the popularization teaching and taught the technique of "shakuhachi", so he called the shakuhachi he taught himself "popularized shakuhachi". The former site of Wang Ren Huguo Temple, which is still preserved in the campus of Zhejiang Art School, is the "ruler" of Japan.

Babao's ancestral home.

The shakuhachi, which was first introduced to Japan, was only used in court elegant music and was called "the ancient shakuhachi". It is often used as a plaything by dignitaries, so it is also called "Yachi Eight". It is said that Shoto Kutaishi, a Japanese, especially likes shakuhachi. The shakuhachi he used in China at that time is still in Horyuji, Nara.

exist

The Masakura Yard of Toda Temple in Nara also preserves eight shakuhachi handed down from the Tang Dynasty in China. One of the sculptures is a foot eight, 43.7 cm long, with an opening at the upper end of the tube and a hole behind five holes in front of the tube. There is a circle on the edge of each sound hole.

Alien pattern. It is beautifully made, engraved with patterns and ladies. The first hole is engraved with two women, one bent over to pick flowers and the other stood behind to make sleeves. In a hole in the back, a woman stood with a fan in her hand, and another woman sat playing the pipa. Rest

All the dots are decorated with Hua Niaowen. In addition, there are jade shakuhachi, tooth shakuhachi, stone shakuhachi and birch tape measure. Suzhou No.1 National Musical Instrument Factory once carved a shakuhachi.

187 1 year later, "universal shakuhachi"

Spread among the people. At present, the shakuhachi used in Japan is evolved from the universal shakuhachi, which is unlimited in length and generally consists of three sections.

5 holes (front 4 1), no membrane holes. It is the main folk wind instrument in Japan, which can play both classical music and modern music. I often play with Zheng He Sanwei Line, and even with Western orchestras.

Electronic organ and other cooperation.

In addition, it was introduced into Japan from China.

In the 1970s, American kaizan introduced shakuhachi from Japan to the United States.

Introduction of Dong Di Dong Di is a unique folk musical instrument of Dong nationality. Its shape is similar to that of Dong Xiao. Its mouthpiece is equipped with a reed, which blows vertically. Its timbre is beautiful and melodious, full of Shan Ye flavor. It is often used for solo or accompaniment to singing. Widely popular in Dong areas.

Dong flute: a unique folk musical instrument of the Dong nationality, which is called "Jaeger" or "Giggs" in Dong language. Modeling similar to Dong Xiao, the mouthpiece is equipped with reeds, vertical blowing, beautiful and melodious timbre, which can not only express euphemistic mood, but also play a warm and jubilant melody. Rich in Shan Ye flavor, it is often used for solo or singing accompaniment. It is popular in the Dong people's inhabited areas at the junction of Guizhou, Guangxi and Hunan, with Liping, Rongjiang and Congjiang in Guizhou Province being the most popular.

origin

In the early days of society, there were containers of various shapes. The pottery pier of Hemudu site in Yuyao County, Zhejiang Province is oval, with only air holes and no sound holes, about 7000 years ago. The Tao Di of Yangshao Cultural Site in Xi 'an, banpo village, Shaanxi Province is slightly like an olive, and there is only one.

A blowhole molded with fine clay is one of the original forms of graves about 6,000 years ago. Three pottery pots were unearthed from Jingcun Site in Wanrong County, Shanxi Province, one of which has two sound holes (Illustration of China Music History I-22 to.

Ⅰ—26)。 Neolithic pottery was found in Yaoguanzhuang, Guandong, fengcun, Yuanqu, Yijing, Dahecun in Weifang, Shandong, Zhengzhou and Wang Yang Temple sites in Henan, and Dadunzi site in Pixian, Jiangsu.

Belong to different primitive cultural areas.

Clay with pure soil and no sand and gravel impurities should be used to make pottery pots, and the color is not limited, and it can be red, yellow or black soil. Adding clear water into the clay, repeatedly kneading,

The clay block with moderate hardness is made by kneading, molding, loosening, polishing and calcining. Professor Cao Zheng of China Conservatory of Music has accumulated rich experience in making antique pottery urns since 1930s. Since 1979

Professor Chen Zhong of Tianjin Conservatory of Music improved and developed a nine-hole pottery urn.

Du Ciwen, the Central National Orchestra, went to the United States with the delegation to attend the 23rd Olympic Art Festival 1984, and then performed his solo works "Chu Ge", "Tang Le" and "Feng" in Spain, West Germany and other countries. Zhao Liangshan played the role of "Eight-tone ensemble" in Dancing with the Bell, which was well received. Nine-hole purple sand pottery has been widely used in national bands.

Color smile

Insert the flute, the Miao people breathe and play musical instruments. The Miao language is called Zhan Jia, which means a bamboo tube with a cork. Han people call it flute insertion. It flows through Xingyi and Anlong in Guizhou Province, Longlin, Xilin and Napo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and Miao areas at the junction of Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces such as Guangnan and Funing in Yunnan Province.

Pipes/pipes

Made of bamboo, mostly made of locally grown bamboo called chest thorn, with thin pipe diameter and slender bamboo joints.

It is a good material for making plug flute. The length of the tube is generally 42 cm, with no joint in the middle and transparent at both ends. The outer diameter of the upper nozzle is 2.65438 0 cm,

The inner diameter is about 1.5 cm, the outer diameter of the lower nozzle is about 1.7 cm and the inner diameter is about 1.3 cm. When making, put one on it.

The length is 2.6 cm, the diameter is 1.5 cm, and the cork on one side is cut off. Cork is mostly Chinese fir or paulownia, and the texture of cork should be

Consistent with the grain direction of the bamboo tube. Split one side of the cork along the wood grain (0/4 cambered surface of 65438+ circumference), and then insert it into the back of the pipe head for splitting.

The removed part and the inner wall of the bamboo tube form a half-moon air inlet channel. Behind the airway, 3.7 cm away from the upper nozzle.

Open a rectangular sound whistle hole with a length of 1. 1 cm and a width of 0.6 cm on the wall, and trim the lower part of the hole inward.

Inclined, as a valve. There are six circular sound pressure holes in the middle and lower part of the front of the pipe body, and the length from the first hole to the lower nozzle is 5.8 cm.

The sixth hole is opened 1/2 from the pronunciation hole to the first hole, and the second, third, fourth and fifth holes are opened between the first hole and the sixth hole, and the sound holes are equally spaced.

When playing, the pipe is placed vertically, and the ring finger, middle finger,

Press the first, second and third holes for the index finger, and the fourth, fifth and sixth holes for the ring finger, middle finger and index finger of the left hand. The mouth contains the pipe head, and the airflow enters the impact sound hole from the air duct, and part of it is blocked by the slope valve.

In the tube, the air column in the tube vibrates, and the length of the air column is changed by pressing the hole, making different sounds. There are flat blowing and over blowing.

Methods, range b-f3. Flat-blown timbre is soft and elegant, while super-blown timbre is clean and bright. A few notes above c3 are difficult to play.

Play. Commonly used are sliding and other styles of play. Used for solo, the music played is all from folk songs, but there is no fixed tune.

, only far and near sounds. Far tune is played for lovers far away, with a high starting tone and crisp and melodious timbre; Turn off the tune

It's for the lover around you, with a low voice and a soft and euphemistic tone. There are also five-finger and six-finger tones in the near tone.

Two kinds, the former is to hold down the third hole and use the other five fingers to open and close the sound hole for pronunciation, which has a wider range; The latter is used by all six fingers and ranges

Each of its 12-degree plug flute music contains words with certain meanings and has a unique and perfect artistic conception.

Sedi is one of the commonly used musical instruments in the social and love life of Miao young men and women, and it is mostly played by young people.

Play. Because of different luck, fingering and playing music, each young person's performance has its own characteristics. Even at night, when two people are far apart.

Sometimes, the girl can hear from the distant flute faintly coming from her lover whether he is sighing alone or blaming himself.

I didn't keep the appointment, but I called myself to make an appointment. The two lovers snuggled together and fell back to a euphemistic tone.

The sound of the flute makes them inseparable and affectionate. On the first day to the eighth day of the first lunar month,

Playing the flute has become a good opportunity for the little boys to show their talents, and they are all in high spirits.

It is not only the competition between boys, but also the love for girls. Many happy marriages start here. ?

[Small flute] The Miao people take a breath and play musical instruments. Popular in Xingyi and Anlong in Guizhou Province, Longlin, Xilin and Napo in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangnan and Funing in Yunnan Province.

Pipes/pipes

Made of bamboo, the appearance is the same as that of flutes. The length of the pipe is 24 cm, the outer diameter of the upper opening is 1.6 cm, the inner diameter is 1. 1 cm, and the lower opening is.

The outer diameter is 1.4cm, and the inner diameter is 0.9cm There is a cork in the upper nozzle, which is located 3. 1 below the air duct on the back of the tube.

Cm, open a rectangular pronunciation whistle hole. There are six sound pressure holes on the front of the pipe body, and the first hole is 3.3 cm away from the lower opening. Hairy outward

The sixth hole is opened from the sound hole to the first hole 1/2, and the second to fifth holes are equidistant between the first hole and the sixth hole.

When playing, blow vertically, press the third hole with your right hand and the third hole with your left hand. Flat blowing or over blowing, range g? 1—g？ 3。 The sound of flat blowing is crisp and whistled, while the sound of over blowing is sharp. Used in the social and love life of young men and women, mostly played by men.

The Miao people take a breath and play musical instruments. Popular in the vast areas adjacent to Guizhou, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces. ?

Pipes/pipes

Made of bamboo, the appearance is the same as that of flutes. The length of the tube is 68 cm, the outer diameter of the upper mouth is 3.6 cm, the inner diameter is 3 cm, and the lower mouth is outside.

The diameter is 3. 1 cm, and the inner diameter is 2.5 cm. A cork is built in the upper end of the nozzle, below and above the air passage at the rear of the pipe body.

At the end of 5 cm, there is a rectangular sound whistle hole. There are six sound pressure holes on the front of the pipe body, and the first hole is 10 cm away from the lower opening.

The sixth hole is opened 1/2 from the pronunciation hole to the first hole, and the second to fifth holes are equidistant between the first hole and the sixth hole.

When playing, blow vertically, press the third hole with your right hand and the third hole with your left hand. Flat blowing or over blowing, range G-D? 3。 The flat-blown timbre is deep and vigorous, and the super-blown timbre is sweet and mellow, with strong expressive force, and is good at playing beautiful and lyrical tunes. Used in the social and love life of young men and women, mostly played by men.

Sister Xiao, also known as Xiaosuona and Mimi, is a sister flower of the wonderful national flower. Miao language: "Zhandexi", "Libu" and Buyi language: "Bule Wailian", which is the main musical instrument of Miao and Buyi compatriots in Huaxi, is the most important tool for young men and women to convey their love when they are in love.

Sister Xiao's tunes are rich and beautiful, which can be roughly divided into three types: first, they evolved from folk suona tunes and spread widely; The third is the original song of my sister's flute. Among them, there are three most representative songs, which fully show the joy of reunion of sisters at their parents' home after a long separation.

elder sister

There are many touching legends about the origin of the name "Sister Xiao". A long time ago, there lived a poor family on a high mountain. The couple are over 500 years old, and there are still no men around, but

However, she gave birth to seven smart girls as beautiful as flowers and pure as jade, and all the neighbors called them "seven fairies". Although their family is poor, the filial piety and diligence of their seven daughters make the life of a family of nine interesting. Big dipper group

Not only learned to spin, but also did housework. Seven Sisters also has a good voice, and his songs are sweet and beautiful, which makes young people admire him. One spring, Seven Sisters was spinning wool upstairs. They cut it from the mountain.

Jinzhu put the pulped yarn on the bamboo pole to dry, and the thick aroma of the pulp juice of bamboo and pulp line attracted the wild bees on the mountain. Wild bees drill out golden bamboos from one small hole after another and settle down in bamboo tubes.

Get up. One day, Seven Sisters was busy embroidering, and the breeze blew slowly. At the same time, waves of sweet music came from upstairs. They thought it was the young man from the outer house who quietly ran upstairs to play the flute and courted them, waiting for them to go upstairs.

Look, there is no one upstairs. After careful examination, Seven Sisters found that the music was coming from the bee hole on the golden bamboo. This discovery inspired the shrewd seven sisters, who said, "Sisters, why don't we go up the mountain?"

In addition, cut some of the best golden bamboos and make a musical instrument to play. Won't this eliminate our loneliness and increase our happiness? "。 Seven Sisters's proposal got the consent of the six sisters, and the six sisters went to cut the golden bamboo and held it down by themselves.

Seven Sisters made seven musical instruments. At first glance, the instrument he made is exactly the same, and the sound of playing is the same. They feel very monotonous. Later, or seven younger sister have calculation, she said; "We are Seven Sisters, why not drill seven on the bamboo pole?

There are holes, and each hole represents each of us. In this way, if there are more holes, there will be more sounds, which will be pleasant to listen to. "So she made a seven-hole flute, which can make many sounds at a time. It is very beautiful. This is the elder sister's proposal: "To show us.

Seven Sisters's unity and wisdom, choose two of the best together to represent our Seven Sisters, indicating that our sisters will never be separated. "

When the musical instrument is finished, what name to take has become a problem for everyone to discuss. this

Opinions can't be unified at the moment. Later, they invited the descendants of the village to help them name them. Some said that this instrument was made by the Seven Fairies, and it should be called the Little Fairy. Some said that the Little Fairy was not pleasant to listen to, so they suggested calling it.

Beauty flute. At this time, my father, who was born on one side, said to everyone, "In my opinion, it is best to call it Sister Xiao, because it is like Xiao, and it was conceived and made by you in Seven Sisters. It is more meaningful to call this name. " Since then, people have

This instrument is called sister flute. This instrument has become the most representative instrument of Miao and Buyi compatriots. It is said that the three main melodies were composed by Seven Sisters.

real

Tracing back to Sister Xiao's history and ethnic group, it should be the northern Qiang nationality in Han Dynasty (about 77 BC-37 BC). Because this instrument comes from the Qiang nationality, it is called Qiangdi. In the Tang Dynasty, the famous poet Wang Zhi

Huan wrote a quatrain, "Why should Qiangdi blame Liu, but Yumenguan". The Qiang flute referred to in the poem is the folk sister flute circulating today. Qiangdi, which is now circulating in northwest Sichuan, has no matter its shape, volume or music.

The rhythm and gameplay are exactly the same as those of Guizhou sister Xiao. Does this mean that the Qiang people in Sichuan are related to the Buyi and Miao people in central and western Guizhou?

Sister Xiao is a Miao and Buyi musical instrument popular in China.

Clan musical instruments occupy a place in the big family. In the classification of ancient musical instruments, the ancients divided them into the fourth category (bamboo) among the eight categories of musical instruments in China. In modern times, national musicians classified it as the first of three categories of national musical instruments in China.

One kind (wind music); In today's classification of national musical instruments, national music research experts divide them into the third of the four categories of national musical instruments in China. No matter what kind of musicians classify it, Sister Xiao thinks so.

It is a wonderful flower in China national musical instruments and national music.

Mantong is a favorite musical instrument of Miao compatriots in Danzhai, and it plays well.

The length, size and spacing of awn tubes are different. Small and medium-sized awnings are 30-70 cm long, large awnings are about 150 cm long, and the largest is 2 meters long. Its pitch is eight degrees apart in turn.

Folk awning pipes are grouped according to size, which is called awning pipe team. The large awning team consists of fifteen or twenty-one teams, which are divided into four groups: large, medium, small and minimum awning. Three to five people in each group form a Lusheng band with various Lusheng. Mango pipe strengthens the tonic with mellow and strong sustain, which makes the band sound full.

[throat]

Laryngeal throat is popular in Guangdong and Guangxi. Bamboo is pronounced with a double reed whistle. The G alto and D bassoon are commonly used in the band, and the pitch is four degrees apart. There are seven sound holes in the throat, and only eight sounds can be made, arranged in the order of seven sounds. You can play interval beats, and you should be able to play "sliding", "overlapping", "tongue" and "vibrato".

There is no voice changing device in the throat, and there is little tone change. Occasionally, it is a harmonious subordinate tone. The throat is mostly used to accompany traditional opera music, and it is also used in percussion bands in some areas. In the national orchestra, the throat is combined with other bass music, which makes the bass notes of the band heavy.

The throat is very narrow and its use is limited. The timbre is not easy to blend with other musical instruments, so it should be used with caution in the band.

erhu

Erhu is a famous stringed instrument in China. Its origin can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty in China in the 7th 7- 10/0th century, when it was mainly popular among ethnic minorities in the northwest. In the history of more than 1000 years, erhu has always been an accompaniment instrument of China traditional opera.

two

Hu's structure is very simple, a thin wooden piano rod, about 80 cm long, with two strings on it, a teacup-shaped piano tube and a bow made of ponytail below. The pianist takes a sitting position when playing the erhu.

Hold the piano in your left hand and the bow in your right. The range of erhu can reach three octaves. The musical sound produced by erhu is expressive, close to the timbre of human voice, and becomes a singing instrument.

Some people call it "Chinese violin" for this reason. Because the timbre of erhu sounds slightly sad, it is good at expressing deep affection.

After 1949, the production, reform and performance art of erhu have been developed. It can be solo, accompanied by song and dance, vocal music, opera and rap music. In China National Orchestra, erhu is the main musical instrument, which is similar to the role of violin in western orchestras.

Erhu is very popular in China, because it is simple to make, cheap to learn and beautiful in timbre. It is a very popular musical instrument in China.

Gaohu

Gaohu is the floorboard of "High-pitched Erhu", which was reformed on the basis of Erhu. The appearance of Gao Hu is closely related to China's folk music-Cantonese Opera.

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"Yue Music" is a kind of folk instrumental music popular in Guangdong, China, which originated from local drama and folk music. At first, before the 1920s, there was no musical instrument like Gao Hu in Cantonese music.

Later, Mr. Lu Wencheng, a composer and performer of "Yue Yue", made a bold reform on the erhu. He changed the traditional silk strings of erhu into steel strings, improved the tuning, and played with the piano tube between his legs. The timbre is clear.

The bright high-pitched erhu, called Gao Hu, soon became the soul instrument in "Guangdong Music".

The structure, manufacture and materials of Gao Hu are basically the same as those of Erhu, and the biggest difference is the piano tube.

Thinner Due to the relatively late formation of Gao Hu, musical instrument manufacturers have no worries and restrictions when transforming Gao Hu. Some musical instrument makers changed the round piano barrel in early Gao Hu into a oblate one to increase the volume.

Some musical instrument manufacturers also changed the Gao Hu of two strings to three strings, expanding the musical instrument's range by five degrees.

Gaohu's timbre is crisp and sonorous, like a soprano. This feature of it is the combination of bass ring.

Run's characteristics make it occupy a very prominent position in the band. Therefore, China's national orchestra usually gives Gao Hu a very important seat. In addition, because Gao Hu's expressive force is particularly rich, it is suitable for playing.

Lyric, lively and gorgeous melody. Therefore, it often accompanies the main melody of music in colorful ways in the band, and can modify the main melody according to emotional needs.

banhu (fiddle)

Banhu, also known as "Bangzi" and "Qinhu", came into being on the basis of Huqin with the appearance of Bangzi tune in local operas. Compared with other Huqin instruments in China, Banhu is characterized by loud volume and clear timbre. He is especially good at expressing high-pitched, passionate, passionate and fiery emotions, and also has the characteristics of elegance and delicacy.

Banhu has a history of about 300 years in China, so it is named because the piano barrel is bonded with thin boards.

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Initially, Banhu was mainly popular in northern China. Many local operas and quyi, such as Hebei Bangzi, Pingju, Henan Opera and Shaanxi Opera, all use Banhu as the main accompaniment instrument. Because of the play of Banhu and China.

Quyi and Quyi have deep roots, so it can give full play to its own specialties when playing opera and Quyi music. In the accompaniment of local operas and Quyi, local banhu is good at expressing their different styles and is unique.

Local colors.

The structure of banhu is mostly the same as that of erhu, but there are also differences, mainly in the piano tube. The front of banhu is not covered like erhu, but is made of paulownia, which is the key to banhu's pronunciation. The timbre of Banhu is particularly crisp and loud, full of local flavor. In a band, it is often the leading string of various accompaniment instruments, and it acts as a high note in strings.

After the founding of New China, with the efforts of musicians and musical instrument makers, the production technology of Banhu has also developed greatly, and many new varieties have joined the "Banhu family". Among them, tenor banhu, tenor banhu, sanxian banhu, bamboo tube banhu and Qiang Qin banhu are all "new members" of the banhu family.

With the development of Banhu's shape, Banhu's playing skills are constantly improved, and its expressive force is more colorful. Become an indispensable characteristic instrument in Chinese national bands and a solo instrument with strong local characteristics, and accompany national operas, national songs and dances and vocal music.