Methods 1: Identify lies from face and eyes.
1, looking for micro-expressions: micro-expressions are those facial expressions that flash across people's faces, but that crackling sound can reflect people's true feelings hidden under lies. Some people are naturally sensitive to micro-expressions, but it is certain that anyone can have this ability through training. Typically, when a person lies, his micro-expression will have a little anxiety, which is mainly reflected in his frown and fine lines on his forehead.
2. See if he touches his nose or covers his mouth: People often prefer to touch his nose when lying, which may be the result of adrenaline rising to the nasal capillaries, which leads to itchy nose, while the frequency of touching his nose when telling the truth has dropped a lot. Liars also prefer to cover their mouths or put their hands to their mouths, as if to cover up the lies that are about to be told; His closed mouth and pursed lips suggested his anxiety.
3. Pay attention to his eye movements: By observing eye movements, you can see whether this person really remembers or fabricates facts. For right-handed people, when they clearly remember the details of things, their eyes will turn to the left; On the contrary, for lefties, it means turning right. People blink more frequently when they lie, which is more common in men. In addition, rubbing your eyes can also tell whether he is lying. Observe the eyelids: when a person disagrees with what he sees or hears, his eyelids close longer than the average blink of an eye. But this change is very small, so to have an accurate comparison, you have to know the time when this person blinks and closes his eyes without pressure. If the hand (or finger) moves slowly to the eyes, it may also indicate that he is trying to cover up the facts.
It is not always reliable to grab facts from other people's statements just by eye movements. Recent scientific research has expressed doubts about the idea that it is only a point to point out whether others are lying. Many scientists believe that the "eye point" method lacks data and cannot explain the facts.
4. Don't take eye contact as the only indicator of authenticity: Contrary to popular belief, liars don't always avoid eye contact. When a person wants to concentrate on remembering something, he will naturally avoid eye contact with him and concentrate on still life. Liars may deliberately show their sincerity through eye contact, and they can overcome the discomfort and embarrassment in conversation by practicing this ability to prove that he is telling the truth. Indeed, given that investigators often use eye contact as a way to judge lies, some liars will increase the frequency of eye contact in their investigations. Obviously, under normal circumstances, when asked difficult questions, the respondents' anxiety will increase, and only by avoiding eye contact can they recognize it.
Method 2: Identify lies from oral answers.
1, pay attention to his intonation: intonation can reflect whether a person is lying. He may suddenly speak much faster than usual, and nervousness may lead to high notes and vibrato or stuttering.
2. Pay attention to some exaggerated details: See if he talks too much, such as "My mother lives in France, isn't it beautiful?" Do you like the Eiffel Tower? It's really clean there. "Too much nagging about details will remind you how eager this person is to make you believe what he says.
3, pay attention to the emotional impulse of the answer: the liar has no concept of the duration of the conversation. This is not because the person being questioned has rehearsed the answer (or expected to be asked such a question), nor because he wants to fill the embarrassing silence through endless conversation. If the person questioned has a clear answer, he is most likely lying. Because he may have rehearsed the question and answer or thought of an answer that would get him out of it.
Another judgment is based on the omission of facts that occurred in the relevant time. For example, "I went to work at five in the morning and came home from work at five in the afternoon, and found him dead." In this simple example, everything that happened between five in the morning and five in the afternoon was conveniently skipped.
Pay close attention to his reaction to the question: the person who tells the truth has no feeling of defending himself because he is telling the truth. On the contrary, liars like to defend themselves with aggressive, deviant strategies or delaying strategies. People who tell the truth can often tell many details to explain their stories when others question them. The liar has nothing to say, just repeating what he said before.
Pay attention to the slight delay in listening to the other party's answer. Honest answers can always be quickly grabbed from the mind, but lies need to be quickly examined to prevent inconsistencies and even make up some new details when necessary. Note that what a person thinks of when he looks up doesn't necessarily mean that he is lying, but it is probably just instinct.
Pay attention to his words and sentences: oral expression can provide you with many clues to judge lies, including: the words used in the answer are exactly the same as those used when you just asked him.
Procrastination strategies, such as asking you to repeat your questions; Flattering your questions is excellent, and you can't simply answer them with yes or no; Or "It depends on the meaning of X", "Where did you get the information?" Wait for a confrontational answer.
Avoid using abbreviations. For example, a liar will say "I didn't do it" instead of "I didn't do it", trying to make his answer absolutely clear.
The expression is not clear. Liars like to start over in the middle of a story, but they never get to the end.
Avoid the topic with humor or irony.
I like to say short sentences such as "tell the truth", "be frank", "100% sincere" and "I have never lied since I was a child". These may be signs of deception.
Use negative expressions to express positive assertions and answer quickly. For example, ask, "Are you lazy to wash the pot?" He will answer, "no, I'm not lazy to wash the pot." This kind of answer is to not give others the impression of delaying the answer.
Pay special attention when he repeats a sentence: when the suspect repeats the same sentence almost continuously, he is likely to be lying. People who make up lies always try to remember those convincing phrases or sentences, and when they explain the situation again, they will naturally use almost the same "convincing" sentences.
7. He should pay attention when changing the topic: changing the topic halfway is one of the tricks that clever swindlers try to divert your attention; They like to interrupt themselves halfway and suddenly say something else. For example, some people will say slyly, "I was just about to-hey, did you just get a haircut this weekend?" Be especially careful of compliments from interviewees. Liars grasp the psychology that people like to listen to compliments, so they will evade interrogation by praising them. Beware of sudden compliments.
Method 3: Identify lies from subconscious body language.
1. See if he sweats: People often sweat more when they lie. In fact, the polygraph (often seen in movies) also determines whether the candidate is lying by detecting sweat. However, once again on him, the result is not necessarily reliable. Some people may just sweat because they are nervous and shy; Another situation is that this person sweats more than ordinary people. Sweating should be accompanied by signs of trembling, blushing and dysphagia.
2. Pay special attention to when he nods: If this person nods and shakes his head in the opposite direction to his conclusion, then he may be lying. This phenomenon is called "inconsistent state". For example, when a person says what he did, such as "I cleaned those pots", but he shakes his head when he says this, it exposes the fact that he didn't scrub them carefully at all, but only scratched them roughly. Unless this person is professionally trained, this kind of unconscious mistake is easy to make. In this case, the body reaction often tells the truth.
Also, a liar will hesitate before giving an answer. Sincere people often confirm their statements by nodding their heads, and can give an answer immediately after hearing the questions. But when a person tries to cheat, this hesitation will appear.
3, observe small movements: one of the signs of lying is that there are many small movements, either touching yourself or touching random items around you. The nerve energy generated by fear triggered these little actions. In order to relieve nerve energy, liars often play with chairs, facial tissues or body parts.
4. Observe "similarity": among people affected by interaction, our behavior tends to be similar to others naturally, which is a manifestation of interest and intimacy. When lying, this "similarity" will be greatly reduced, because the liar will spend a lot of energy to create another fact for the listener. Some situations in which "similarity" drops sharply should arouse your vigilance. Lean back. People who tell the truth prefer to be close to the listener. On the contrary, liars tend to lean back, which shows that they don't want to disclose more information when it is unnecessary, and also implies that they don't like it or are not interested.
For people who tell the truth, the movements of head and body will be similar to those between listeners, which is the effect of interaction between the two sides. But people who try to cheat don't do this, so this sign can be used to judge whether he is hiding something. You can even see him deliberately withdraw his hand and wave it.
5. Observe the throat. Liars like to swallow saliva or clear their throats, and then they will keep trying to moisten their throats. This is because lying causes adrenaline to rise, causing saliva to gush out like a pump (and there won't be too much new saliva). At this time, the liar will swallow the upwelling saliva and then clear his throat.
6. Observe breathing. Liars tend to breathe faster, and a series of short breaths will appear after taking a deep breath. Lips will also appear dry, because the throat is cleared too many times. In addition, because of stress, the heart rate will increase, and the lungs need more air to breathe.
7. Observe other body parts. Mainly depends on his hands, arms and legs. In a stress-free and comfortable state, people's hands and arms often have wider space, and they can also stretch their legs at will. But for liars, the movement of these parts will be limited, rigid and self-directed. These actions are mainly reflected in touching the ears, face or back neck with your hands. In addition, tight arms, tight legs and motionless hands are all manifestations of reluctance to disclose information. For ordinary people, gestures are an indispensable part of discussion and communication, but liars try to avoid them. Under warning, they don't point, don't spread their hands, and don't draw some pictures (the triangle of index finger and thumb is considered thoughtful).
Pay attention to his knuckles: A liar who has no obvious movements may hold a chair (or other object) until his knuckles turn white without knowing it.
Cleaning actions are common among liars, such as stroking hair, adjusting ties or playing with shirt cuffs.
Two caveats: A liar may be deliberately lazy, making people feel that he is "poised". Yawning or some fidgety movements are likely to be intentional and casual to cover up signs of deception. Being calm doesn't mean he's not lying.
Remember, these signs are not necessarily signs of deception, but probably just signs of nervousness. Moreover, the person being questioned may not feel nervous because he is lying.
Method 4: Identify lies from the whole interrogation.
1, be careful: you can identify lies and hypocrisy, or you may be wrong. Many signals generated by embarrassment, shyness, embarrassment, shame and inferiority may make you feel that this person is lying, but it is not; People under pressure are particularly easy to be misunderstood as lying, because people's behavior under pressure is very similar to lying; Therefore, it is not easy to judge that this person is lying just by saying "aha" on one feature. You should synthesize all the signals of deception and response.
2. Look at the overall situation: when evaluating body language, signals such as oral answers can also imply lies. These factors include: is this person often overly nervous, or is it just because of his current situation?
Is there a cultural factor? Perhaps this kind of behavior is praised in his culture, but it is regarded as dishonesty in other cultures.
Do you have any prejudice against this person in private? Do you want him to lie? Never fall into this trap!
Does he have a history of lying? For example, he is very experienced?
Does he have a motive to lie? Or do you have any reason to suspect that he is lying?
Are you really good at identifying lies? You think about the big picture, not just one or two lies?
3. Create a relaxed atmosphere and gradually establish a close relationship with the so-called liar: this requires that your body language and speech speed should be close to him, and there should be no signal that he is lying; Interrogate with understanding rather than arrogance; This method will slowly let him down and help you read the signal more clearly.
4. Determine the bottom line: The bottom line refers to some behaviors when he does not lie; Knowing the bottom line can tell whether his performance is different from usual. If you don't know this person yet, start by knowing him-people will answer basic personal information truthfully. If you already know him, the bottom line check includes asking him some questions for which you already know the answers.
5. Learn to identify deviations: Usually, when people lie, they like to avoid your questions through some truths, but they answer irrelevant questions. If you ask, "Did you hit your wife?" He replied, "I love my wife. Why should I hit her?" The suspect is telling the truth strictly, but he is avoiding your original question. This phenomenon also implies that he may try to hide something from you.
6. Ask him to repeat the story mentioned above: If you are really not sure whether what he said is true or not, you can ask him to repeat the story many times. Lies are hard to remember, so in the process of repeating their own stories, liars may say something inconsistent, completely wrong or tell the truth. It is difficult to ask him to tell the story again, especially in detail. Even professional swindlers will find this reverse method difficult to deal with.
7. Look at this so-called liar with suspicion: liars always feel uncomfortable quickly; People who tell the truth often become angry or depressed (manifested by closed lips, drooping eyebrows and glaring at the upper eyelid).
8, silent response: it is difficult for a liar to escape the silence you created. He wants you to believe his lies, but silence makes them feel at a loss. I don't know if you believe what he said. So be patient and keep silent. Many cheaters will say different words to fill the silence time, and mistakes are likely to occur in the process of correcting lies, so that lies will be debunked. A liar will try to read you to see if you believe his lies. If you don't give in to this kind of inner monitoring, the liar will feel very uncomfortable.
A good listener can avoid interference well, and listening itself is a superb skill to expose facts. Practice not interrupting others (if you intend to)-this will not only help you identify lies, but also make you a good listener.
9. Stick to the end: If there is a way, find out the facts behind the lies. If you want to talk to someone who may clarify the facts or deny the story, the liar may try his best to give you reasons to stop you. These reasons may be lies in themselves, so it is worthwhile to overcome your reluctance to talk to those who are warned not to communicate. Any fact should be proved.
Tip: Look on the bright side before you claim that he is a liar. You don't want to ruin your friendship/relationship for no reason.
Some swindlers are extremely experienced and even professional. The story they made up (almost perfect specific date and time setting) almost came true after telling it many times. In fact, every time we repeat a story, our memories will be reorganized a little, so it is common to fabricate memories to deceive ourselves. Sometimes, you have to accept the fact that you can't always be greedy!
Many people, in most cases telling the truth, will show great appreciation for their reputation. Liars will take risks-they will hypocritically defend their reputation and make themselves look more reliable and satisfactory than they really are.
The above behavioral characteristics of lying may occur when the person is absorbed in his words (for example, when the topic is profound or the person is under great pressure).
Those who are identified as clinical psychopaths or sociopaths may live a lie because they want to manipulate reality and make the rest of society consistent. When you meet such people, don't try to expose them. Take care of yourself first, don't fall into their lies. These people don't care about others but themselves, and they don't hesitate to use one lie to round up another, no matter how much harm these lies will cause you.
The behavior of some liars mentioned above may be consistent with those who don't lie at all. People who are nervous, shy, fearful and guilty can easily behave badly under pressure. Under the accusation, they will become particularly defensive, especially those with a strong sense of integrity and justice. They seem to be lying, but in fact they are just shocked and humiliated by the sudden focus.
The more you know about a person, the more you can recognize their way of thinking and whether they have deviated from the truth.
Remember, although some people have a bad reputation for lying, don't let this past affect your thoughts; People are always changing. If you lack trust in a person's current performance because of his past reputation, you are likely to ruin his chance to change his face. The past reputation should be related to the signs of lying in this case, and it should be considered in a broader environment. It may also be that someone deliberately used his lying history to frame him for his own benefit. The past doesn't mean everything, specific problems are analyzed in detail.
Liars make good use of things around them to help them perfect the details. For example, if there is a pen on the desk, there may be a pen in his story. This may indicate that he is lying.
You should also think about whether this lie makes sense. Most people get more and more nervous when they lie, so some fabricated things simply don't make sense. If he says too many details, he may be lying. In this case, ask him to repeat the story many times to ensure that their versions are the same every time.
A good way to exercise your ability to identify lies is to watch more court TV programs to test whether you can judge liars, such as Judge Judy. Trust your intuition and observe carefully to see if you can identify the evidence that the person you least trust in this situation is lying (although sometimes both of them may lie). If you agree with the judge's conclusion, then the signs of lying you recognize may be consistent with the judge.
Botox or other plastic surgery may also be related to your judgment and give you a false positive. When your face is frozen by chemotherapy, it will be difficult for you to express your feelings clearly.
Liars don't talk much. If you ask them, "Did you do it?" They usually simply answer yes or no. Pay attention, and ask, "Did you break the jar? How did you do it? " Asking this question may reveal the truth.
Warning for deaf or hearing-impaired people, they have to observe your mouth to read lips and understand what you mean, so they won't make eye contact with you.
Forcing a smile is often just polite, so don't pay too much attention. If someone smiles at you reluctantly, it may show that he respects you and wants to leave a good impression on you.
Some people just like to stare into your eyes. They may deliberately train themselves in this way, trying to make each other nervous in this way; Or maybe they think eye contact is necessary for etiquette.
Do you often judge the sincerity of others? If you are always looking for lies, others may avoid you for fear of torture. Speaking aggressively and always doubting others is not a sign of vigilance. On the contrary, it is a compulsive sign of lack of trust in others.
Body language is only a hint, not a conclusive fact. The final conclusion should be based on conclusive evidence, and don't judge others for lying and punish others just because of their body language. Moreover, don't turn the work of digging swindlers into a situation of "I'm not serious, I'll be fooled"; Put aside personal sense of justice and look for facts, motives and broader inferences. But if you are deeply hurt by being cheated, you certainly have the right to feel betrayed and hurt, but in the trial of identifying liars, you can't take it for granted that he is a liar because of prejudice, which will confuse your judgment.
Research shows that the interrogation of suspects should be conducted in their mother tongue. If the language he asks is acquired, even if he is proficient in this foreign language, his reaction is completely different (whether oral or body language).
People with developmental disabilities (such as autism or Asperger's syndrome) are extremely reluctant or don't make eye contact with others at all. This is just a sign of autism, not insincerity.
In some cultures, eye contact is considered rude, which explains why some people don't want to look you in the eye all the time. Moreover, people who have experienced difficult family upbringing, interpersonal relationships or violence are generally obedient, which is a way to keep safe; This obedience is reflected in self-distrust, and avoiding eye contact has become a habit. Moreover, people who are shy or have social anxiety usually have body language similar to liars, such as avoiding eye contact, not liking being with others and being nervous. Therefore, before drawing the conclusion that the innocent person was killed by mistake, we should seek truth from facts and don't jump to conclusions according to the script.
Some people have dry throats, often swallow and naturally clear their throats.
When the weather is too hot (or too cold) or in a hurry to go to the toilet, some people will appear restless.
People with bipolar disorder often speak much faster than usual when they are manic.