Rivers in Lop Nur [1] basin, such as Tarim River, Peacock River, Qierqin River and Shule River, gathered here and once formed a huge lake. Since then, the lake has decreased, and Loulan City has become a ruin. 192 1 year later, the Tarim River flowed eastward and the lake water increased again. When measured at 1942, the lake area reaches 3000 square kilometers. 1962, the lake was reduced to 660 square kilometers. After 1970, it dried up, mainly because the population on both sides of the Tarim River suddenly increased, and the Tarim River was constantly asked for water, so that its length was reduced to less than 1000 km, which dried up more than 300 kilometers of rivers, leading to the final drying up of Lop Nur! Dunhuang, Hami, Shanshan, Turpan, Korla and Ruoqiang are all around Lop Nur. Lop Nur nuclear test site covers an area of about 6,543,800 square kilometers. According to the change of the lake, some explorers think that Lop Nur is a "wandering lake" or an "alternating lake", which swings between 39 ~ 40 and 40 ~ 41north latitude. Recently, Chinese scientists have found that there are obvious river deltas in the northwest and southwest corners of the lake, indicating that when the water systems in the lower reaches of Tarim River and Peacock River changed, rivers once flowed into the lake basin from different directions. Lake basin is the lowest place in Tarim basin, with less sediment entering the lake and weak sedimentation. Dating and sporopollen analysis of lake bottom sediments prove that Lop Nur has long been the catchment center of Tarim Basin. It's just that the lake sometimes goes north and sometimes south, which is not a large-scale "wandering". The present situation is in the northeast of Ruoqiang County and in the east of Tarim Basin. It used to be a lake in China, with an altitude of 780 meters and an area of 2,400-3,000 square kilometers. It is famous for the ancient Silk Road in the east of Tarim Basin. Since the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin first entered Lop Nur in the early 20th century, it has been gradually known by people. Lop Nur is now the lowest and largest depression in the north. This used to be the center of water accumulation in Tarim basin. It originated from the ancient basins of Tianshan, Kunlun and Altun Mountains, and injected into Lop Nur depression to form lakes. The water injected into Lop Nur is mainly Tarim River, Peacock River, Qierqin River and Milan River, and some of it is supplied by Shule River, the meltwater of Qilian Mountain glacier in Dunhuang, which flows into the lake from the southeast via Shule River. Lop Nur Landscape (14 photo) It used to be an oasis of life with cattle and horses, surrounded by trees and clear rivers. Now it has become an endless Gobi desert, without a grass or a stream. The temperature in summer is as high as 7 1℃. There is no bird in the sky, and no bird dares to cross it. Since the United States released the satellite photos of Lop Nur's dryness in 1980s, the ancient Lop Nur Lake area has always been regarded as the dry lake basin of Lop Nur's East Lake. In the recently concluded scientific investigation of "Re-taking Peng Keke's Adventure Road", researchers discovered the coastline of the East Lake in Lop Nur, which continuously extended westward, and thus calculated that the area of the ancient lake in Lop Nur exceeded 6,543,800 square kilometers. The alias is also called "Nao", which is called "You Zhe" in Shan Hai Jing, a great geographical work in the pre-Qin period. Robnor is a Mongolian phonetic translation, which means a watery lake. Lop Nur used to have many names, some of which were named according to its characteristics, such as Aoze, Yanze and Ganhai. Some of them are named after their places, such as Pu Changhai, Prison Blue Ocean, Peacock Sea, Luopuchi and so on. After the yuan dynasty, it was called rob naoer. After Lop Nur dried up, it even "lived 1000 years and never died, died 1000 years and never died 1000 years." Hu Yangshu is now dying and falling apart. According to historical records, in the 4th century AD, the surface of Lop Nur exceeded 20,000 square kilometers. In July, Lop Nur was photographed by the Earth Resources Satellite launched by NASA. Lop Nur is actually like human ears, not only with helix, ear hole, but also with earlobe. How did this ear of the earth come into being? Some people think that this is mainly caused by the flood on the southern slope of Tianshan Mountain in the late 1950s. When the flood flows into the lake basin, it crosses the desert, carrying a lot of sediment, impacting and dissolving the originally dry lake basin, and forming an annular strip protruding underwater according to the direction of water flow. It is precisely because of the subtle geomorphological changes of the dry lake bed that the local composition changes, which will inevitably affect the spectral characteristics of the dry lake bed, thus forming a "big ear." But some people hold different views on this, and scientists also have different views and arguments. Perhaps the argument about Lop Nur will never end. The mystery of big ears in Lop Nur is to uncover the true face of Lop Nur. Throughout the ages, countless explorers have risked their lives to go deep into it. There are many tragic stories, and Lop Nur has always been shrouded in mystery. Some people call Lop Nur the "Devil's Triangle" lake landscape photos on the Asian continent (20 photos), and the ancient Silk Road passes through here. Throughout the ages, many ghosts and ghosts have wandered here, and bones are everywhere. When Xuanzang, a monk in the Tang Dynasty, traveled to Dunhuang on his journey to the west, he wrote in "Records of the Western Regions of Datang" that "there are many evil spirits in Shahe River, and none of them died in hot air ...". Many people die of thirst not far from the spring, and incredible things happen from time to time. 1949, a plane flying from Chongqing to Dihua (Urumqi) disappeared over Shanshan County. 1958 was found east of lop Nur, and all the people on board died. It is puzzling that the plane was originally flying in the northwest. Why did it suddenly change its course and fly south? 1950, a guard of the PLA bandit troops disappeared. More than 30 years later, the geological team found his body in Hongliugou, south bank of Lop Nur, more than 0/00 kilometers away from the accident site. 1980 June 17, when the famous scientist Peng visited lop Nur, two photos (1 1) of the lake scenery disappeared. The state dispatched planes, troops and police dogs, and spent a lot of manpower and material resources on carpet search, but found nothing. 1990, 7 people from Hami took a van to Lop Nur to look for the crystal mine, never to return. Two years later, three mummies were found on a steep slope. The car is 30 kilometers away from the deceased, and the whereabouts of others are unknown. 1In the summer of 995, three employees of Milan Farm went to Lop Nur to explore treasures in Beijing Jeep and disappeared. Later explorers found the bodies of two of them at a distance of 0/7 km from Loulan/Kloc. The cause of death is unknown and the whereabouts of the other person are unknown. Incredibly, their car is in good condition, and there is no shortage of water and gasoline. 1In June, 1996, China explorer Yu Chunshun disappeared while hiking alone in Lop Nur. When the helicopter found his body, forensic identification had been dead for five days, because it deviated from the original track 15 kilometers, and could not find water, and finally died of thirst. After his death, people found his head facing Shanghai. 1997 A family of three in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, led by their father to seek treasure near Loulan. The results were gone forever, and the bodies of the last three people were found by gold diggers. 1997, four people from Changji drove big trucks to Hongliugou, the south bank of Lop Nur, to look for gold deposits. There was no news at all. 1998 Four bodies and a broken car were found near Hongliugou. At the end of 2005, an unknown male body was found in Lop Nur, Dunhuang. At that time, it was speculated that the man was a "friend" and the forensic doctor identified him as not killed. After the discovery of this body, it also attracted the attention of hundreds of thousands of "donkey friends" in China. Someone even launched an initiative to find his identity online. Finally, with the efforts of everyone, the identity of the man was finally determined, and his body finally returned to his hometown. It has been found out that the man went to Lop Nur alone in 2005, but the cause of his death has always been a mystery ... The mystery of vagrancy Chinese and foreign scientists who first visited Xinjiang debated the exact location of Lop Nur, but in the end the problem was not solved, which led to a more intense debate on "Lop Nur vagrancy". This theory was put forward by the Swedish explorer Sven Hedin. He thinks Lop Nur exists in North Lake and South Lake. Because the river water entering the lake contains a lot of sediment, it raises the bottom of the lake after deposition, and the original lake naturally flows to another lower place. Many years later, due to wind erosion, the bottom of the lake will be lowered again and the lake will return again. This period is 65,438+0,500 years. Although Sven Hedin's theory has been widely recognized by the world, many opponents have questioned it. In recent years, according to the scientific research achievements of Lop Nur, scientists in China have also questioned and denied the theory of wandering in Lop Nur. 1959, the China Academy of Sciences formed a Xinjiang comprehensive investigation team (some Soviet scholars) to enter Lop Nur area. The most remarkable point in the survey results is that Lop Nur does not wander. However, the debate on this issue makes people even more puzzled about Lop Nur, a ghostly lake.