1. For early fresh bile duct injury, the narrow segment is not long and can be anastomosed end to end. It can support drainage for more than 1 year, but the long-term effect is not ideal. If end-to-end anastomosis is not possible, all kinds of cholangioenterostomy are feasible, but Roux-Y cholangioenterostomy is more common. 2. For patients with late traumatic stenosis or primary biliary stricture caused by biliary inflammation, cholangioenterostomy is also performed to relieve biliary obstruction (see bile duct stones and cholangitis). 3. For hilar stenosis, especially bilateral hepatic duct opening stenosis, the hilum should be cut to expose the hepatic duct 2cm above the stenosis, or the hepatic quadrate lobe should be partially removed to expose it. When cutting, the upper and lower ends of the stenosis should cross, and if necessary, it should be shaped to enlarge the bile duct cavity. It is even necessary to cut off the common bile duct (liver) and the left or (and) right hepatic duct for side-to-side or end-to-side anastomosis with the Y-shaped jejunum. It is required to remove the stones in the proximal bile duct as much as possible to improve the surgical effect. 4. Extrahepatic bile duct stenosis can be repaired by free jejunum or stomach piece with vascular pedicle. 5. For patients with primary bile duct stenosis, limited and severe liver lesions, partial hepatectomy is feasible, usually left lateral lobectomy. 6, such as multiple lesions, accompanied by stones, liver parenchyma damage is serious, simple cholangioenterostomy can not achieve the goal, you need to use the above combined surgery. 7. In rare cases where it is impossible to completely repair, the stenotic segment can be supported and fixed with U-shaped tube for a long time, or the stenotic bile duct can be dilated with various balloon catheters. Surgical treatment of benign biliary stricture: For most cases of traumatic biliary stricture, cholangioenterostomy is the most effective biliary reconstruction operation in the long run. Bile duct repair with Oddi sphincter preservation includes end-to-end anastomosis of bile duct and autologous tissue flap with vascular pedicle. For patients with localized stenosis in the middle part of common bile duct, slight scar hyperplasia of bile duct wall and surrounding tissues, and small difference in caliber between proximal and distal bile ducts, end-to-end anastomosis of bile duct after resection of narrow bile duct can also be used. After the long and narrow section of bile duct is cut, the local bile duct defect can be repaired with autologous tissue flap with vascular pedicle. Suitable replacement tissues include gastric seromuscular flap, jejunal seromuscular flap, umbilical vein flap and gallbladder flap. However, due to the lack of long-term follow-up results of a large number of cases, the exact therapeutic value of this repair technology needs to be further evaluated, and its surgical indications need to be strictly controlled. For hepatic segment or lobe bile duct injury, secondary hepatic segment necrosis, liver abscess or intrahepatic bile duct stones that are difficult to reconstruct, the diseased bile duct can be removed together with the diseased hepatic segment. Liver transplantation may be the only effective method for patients with end-stage gallbladder disease caused by biliary cirrhosis after complex bile duct injury. Endoscopy and interventional techniques are increasingly used in the diagnosis and treatment of iatrogenic bile duct injury. However, for traumatic bile duct stenosis or postoperative biliary-intestinal anastomotic stenosis, balloon dilatation or stent support can not achieve satisfactory long-term results. There are only a few minor bile duct injuries without tissue defects, and endoscopic duodenal papillotomy and stent placement can be used as definitive treatment. The most important value of endoscopy and interventional techniques in the treatment of traumatic bile duct stricture lies in controlling bile leakage and infection before operation and treating recurrent bile duct stricture after operation.