A: Local flap: The tissue taken from the nasal side is used for repair, which is especially suitable for the elderly and people with facial skin relaxation.

Advantages: skin color and texture are well matched; The operation is simple, and adults can perform local anesthesia surgery; The success rate is relatively high.

Disadvantages: large facial scar; Only suitable for small area defects; A big defect may lead to asymmetry between nose and mouth.

B: Frontal expanded flap: put a water bag under the forehead skin, pump water twice a week, expand to a certain size, and the excess skin will be transferred to the nose defect. This method can be used to reconstruct the whole nose or repair some defects.

Advantages: the skin and color match well, which is the gold standard for nose repair in terms of effect.

Disadvantages: it takes a long time, the whole process needs several operations, and the whole process takes nearly one year; There will be a little color difference in the early stage.

C: The distal free flap is often used to repair the defects of nasal tip and columella by taking a piece of skin with arteriovenous vessels in front of the ear or forehead and sewing it with the paranasal vessels under the microscope.

Advantages: Good effect on people with delicate nose and skin, matching color and texture; The time course is short, the first operation is about ten days, and the dressing change twice every six months can basically achieve satisfactory results.

Disadvantages: high technical requirements, great difficulty and risk of skin flap failure.

If necessary, please learn more about it or visit a professional plastic surgery institution.