Maybe you're still having a face-changing operation in a surprise movie, such as the face-changing operation of Xiao Wei and the princess in the movie "The Painted Skin", but now it's a real thing. Dinova, a French woman, is the first person to have a face-changing transplant in the world, which shows that the face-changing operation is true. Although the patient has died of illness, it has nothing to do with face-changing surgery, but died of cancer.

1, the world's first face-changing operation.

The doctor said today that IsabelleDinoire, the world's first face transplant patient, died of cancer, which had nothing to do with the anti-rejection drugs she took.

In 2005, 38-year-old Dinova accepted a donation from a brain-dead person and transplanted some faces badly damaged by her dog.

The doctor announced yesterday that Dinova died in April after a "long illness".

All transplant patients have to take powerful drugs to suppress immunity. Dinova, a blonde, has suffered from many complications in the past few years.

In a statement, the affiliated hospital of university of amiens, where Dinova was transplanted, said that she was infected, had a tumor but was successfully cured, and had problems of decreased renal function and high blood pressure.

Despite taking anti-rejection drugs, Dinova's immune system began to reject the transplant site in June of 2065438+2004+0 1 year, and it was reported that some oral functions were lost.

These drugs will suppress the immune system, because the immune system will regard the transplanted organ as an intruder that must be eliminated. However, with the decline of immunity, patients will also face the risk of infection and cancer.

According to the statement, dinova took a new action in June 5438+this year 10. However, a few months later, the doctor found that 20 15 of the malignant tumors had recurred.

The hospital statement said: "Unfortunately, this time, any feasible treatment did not work."

2, xenotransplantation immune rejection

The immune rejection of xenotransplantation is mainly mediated by three immune disorders: natural antibody, complement system and endothelial cells. Previous research mainly focused on this aspect, and its mechanism has been clarified, and a promising solution has been found, such as transgenic pig technology. In addition, there are other immune factors, such as cellular immunity and humoral immunity, which are still lacking in-depth research. For different types of xenotransplantation, the immune rejection is also inconsistent.

In uncoordinated xenotransplantation, the immune rejection is dominated by the above three immune disorders, and other immune factors are relatively weak, while the immune rejection in coordinated xenotransplantation is just the opposite. Hamster-to-rat liver transplantation is a coordinated xenotransplantation and a good model for studying the role of T lymphocytes. Based on the immune effect mechanism of T lymphocytes, the role of T lymphocytes in xenotransplantation was discussed.

3. Changing your face is not as beautiful as you think.

Face-changing surgery, as its name implies, is an organ transplant operation to replace the face. It is mostly used for patients whose faces are severely deformed due to diseases or accidents and cannot be repaired by plastic surgery, so that they can live a normal life again.

It looks beautiful, but it is not as simple as applying a method in the painting of Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Because of the difficulty, high risk and ethical problems, face-changing surgery still seems to be difficult and risky at present.

Facial transplantation includes a variety of tissues (skin, fat, muscle, tendon, nerve, blood vessel, bone, etc. ), even immune tissues that can change the immune response, such as bone marrow and lymph nodes. The operation is complicated and difficult, and it takes at least 24 hours. There is a risk of massive bleeding during operation, and rejection may occur after operation. For example, Isabel, the first patient in the world who underwent face-changing surgery in 2005, once showed a dangerous red color after the operation.

Even if there is no rejection reaction after successful operation, patients need to take anti-rejection drugs for life, which will lead to low immunity and easy death from common infections.

20 12 Richard, an American man who underwent face-changing surgery, said on 20 14 that he could not smoke, drink, sunbathe or argue with others to avoid facial injuries. Otherwise, organ rejection will intensify and may lead to its death.

This is a problem that every patient who has face-changing surgery, including Hudson, needs to face.

Dr. Roricks, who saved Hudson, also admitted that at least 3-5 patients who had undergone face-changing surgery in the world died of rejection.