First, variety selection
When selecting materials for apple bonsai, we should choose varieties with short trees, thick roots, short branches, small leaves, large and colorful fruits, late maturity, early flowering, high fruit setting rate and self-pollination rate, strong disease resistance and adaptability to potted environment.
Second, choose pots and mix soil.
Apple bonsai is made of clay pots, wooden barrels and wooden cases with drainage holes. The diameter of drainage holes is 40 cm, the bottom diameter is 35 cm and the height is 30 cm. The formula of nutrient soil is: 6 parts of fertile ripe soil, 2 parts of river sand, 0 part of decomposed sheep manure 1 part, 0 part of fermented leaves 1 part, and horseshoe fertilizer, which are evenly mixed in proportion and sieved.
Third, timely delivery.
In the first half of April, seedlings with strong plants, full buds and no diseases and insect pests were selected for pot culture. When planting, soak the roots with 5-degree sulfur mixture for disinfection, and cut off the necrotic roots. First, put a small amount of nutrient soil at the bottom of the basin, put seedlings, control roots evenly, stabilize the soil and bury it, and water it in time to ensure survival.
Fourth, fertilizer and water management.
Apply 0.2% available nitrogen fertilizer 1 time before and after germination of apple bonsai, and apply liquid fertilizer 1 time every 10 day from May, with 200 times liquid organic cake fertilizer as the main fertilizer, supplemented by 0.2% inorganic liquid fertilizer such as urea, diammonium and ammonium sulfate. When fertilizer is sprayed on the leaves during fruit expansion, 0.3-0.5% urea and 3-5% plant ash leaching solution can be sprayed. Autumn shoots are luxuriant, fruits are close to maturity, and organic liquid fertilizer is topdressing every half month 1 times and 200 times. The new buds stop growing and the fruit ripens. According to the plant growth, topdressing 1 time every 10 day, with 200 times of organic liquid fertilizer as the main fertilizer and 0.2% of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer. The soil should be thoroughly dried and watered, and water should be replenished in time during germination, flowering and fruit expansion. In June, in order to promote flower bud differentiation, water should be properly controlled, and less water should be watered in the rainy season from July to August.
Apple bonsai
Five, plastic pruning
The crown of apple bonsai should be controlled from 1 year-old seedlings, and the dry height should be equal to or higher than twice the height of the pot. The method of coiling and pulling branches should be used to inhibit the growth and promote the growth of branches, or to pick the required height of 1 year-old seedlings and strengthen the trunk before sending new branches. By adopting new technology to cultivate tree shape and twisting the tips of overgrown branches and competing branches between 5-7 leaves of branches, the height of trees can be effectively controlled, overgrowth can be prevented and flower bud growth can be promoted. It is necessary to make full use of schools with vigorous branches and fierce competition, and twist the branches, pick the core, carve and girdle them, which can cultivate a large number of fruiting branches, promote them to form flower buds, and achieve the goal of early fruiting and more fruiting.
Six, pest control
Potted apples have fine management, good ventilation and light transmission, vigorous growth and less pests. Once pests and diseases occur, they should be removed in time, scraped off the diseased spots and artificially caught pests. When serious diseases and insect pests occur, spray fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate, chlorothalonil, etc. 1-2 times on fallen flowers to prevent and control fruit leaf diseases. Spraying pyrethroid-based pesticides twice in April-May to control aphids, leaf roller and other pests; Spraying Saoli and Uranus 1-2 times in June and July to control red spider and peach moth; Spraying fungicides such as carbendazim, thiophanate and Bordeaux mixture in July and August to control early defoliation, ring rot and anthracnose.
Seven, pour the pot into the soil.
In order to fertilize and prune the roots of potted apples, improve the nutritional conditions, and make the trees grow healthily, the pots are changed every year before dormancy in winter or germination in spring, and the original soil is replaced with newly configured cultivation soil (including applied organic fertilizer and chemicals for killing underground pests). When changing the soil, first wrap the bamboo pieces around the inner wall of the pot, then turn the pot upside down, hold the apple plants and soil with your hands and pour it out under the action of gravity. Then use a sharp knife to cut off the 3-4 cm thick old soil and root system around the soil, then put it into a new pot filled with cultivated soil, fill in the new cultivated soil around it, compact it, and pour enough water.
Eight, flower and fruit management
1. Artificial pollination: In order to ensure the fruit setting rate of potted apples, the pollinated flower varieties are taken out from orchards with similar phenological periods 2-3 days before the flowering of apples, and artificial pollination is carried out at the early flowering stage and the morning of flowering of potted apples. Spraying 0.25% borax at flowering stage can improve fruit setting rate.
2. timely bagging: after physiological fruit drop, in order to improve the quality of fruit and prevent the damage of pests and diseases to fruit, fruit bagging should be carried out, and the fruit bag should be taken down 15-30 days before the fruit ripens to make the fruit colored.
3. Color and paste words: potted apples have the characteristics of convenient management. Turn over the pots in the later stage of fruit growth to make the fruit fully colored. Take down the fruit bag 15 30 days before ripening, and paste the words, patterns and patterns such as blessing, longevity, happiness, wealth, hair and auspiciousness on the sunny side of the fruit. When the fruit is colored, remove the sticker, and words and various beautiful patterns will appear on the fruit, making the potted apple more beautiful.
Bian Xiao concluded that apple tree bonsai is both ornamental and edible. Refreshing and refreshing, the food is sweet and refreshing. The above article introduces the production and maintenance of apple tree bonsai for everyone. Have you learned?