The mandibular part mainly includes three parts: chin, mandibular margin and mandibular angle. Whether the mandible is beautiful or not often depends not only on the hypertrophy of mandibular angle. Under normal circumstances, the chin is square, round, flat and large (in abnormal or abnormal circumstances, the chin may protrude to form the so-called "earth-covering sky" and retract to form the so-called "bird's mouth" deformity). The mandibular margin is large and uneven. Large mandibular angle, valgus, varus, bilateral asymmetry, etc.
For mandibular plastic surgery, we should first observe whether the patient has abnormal occlusion and whether orthognathic surgery is needed, and we should not blindly operate on local bone morphology to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.
Most of the early operations only removed a part of the mandibular angle, and the relationship between the chin, the mandibular angle and the mandibular angle was not designed as a whole. The skin incision was limited, the face shape changed little after operation, and the postoperative satisfaction rate was low. In recent years, due to the accumulation of preoperative and postoperative experience, technical progress and in-depth research, mandibular osteotomy plastic surgery has made a qualitative leap. The mandible, mandibular margin and mandibular angle were designed as a whole before operation. The surgical improvement was comprehensive, complete and thorough, which greatly improved the success rate, satisfaction rate and postoperative effect.
Most Asian mandibular plastic surgery mainly corrects the shape of mandibular angle through surgery, specifically, changes the contour of mandibular angle through cutting, grinding and filling. Followed by mandibular augmentation, also known as mandibular augmentation. It is an operation to place a carefully carved prosthesis on the patient's mandible, which is most suitable for the patient's facial proportion and mandibular shape. Surgical classification can be divided into the following two types according to the location of surgical incision:
(a) oral incision mandibular plastic surgery:
Surgery can modify the mandible through oral incision, remove some bones to be removed or place a prosthesis in a certain part of the mandible, so as to change the shape of the mandible. It has the advantages of less surgical trauma and no trace on the lateral face after operation. It is widely used in clinic at present.
(2) Mandibular plastic surgery through mandibular lower margin incision:
A surgical incision was made in the mandible, and the prosthesis was placed in the front of the mandible through the mandibular incision. The surgical trauma was minor, but a linear incision was left on the mandible after operation. Because the scar left after operation has been basically eliminated.
Like rhinoplasty, the choice of prosthesis materials is very important. Now all kinds of prosthesis applications have been reported. Relatively speaking, silica gel is widely used and the effect is good, and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene is also good, but the price is higher.
The postoperative effect has nothing to do with the prosthesis material, but only with the doctor's aesthetics, the shape and placement of the prosthesis carving.
Orthognathic surgery to change facial shape
Orthognathic surgery involves maxilla and mandible, and the position of maxilla and mandible can be changed through surgery, thus changing the shape of 1/3.
Generally speaking, orthognathic surgery is mainly aimed at people with abnormal occlusion, such as "covering the sky", "protruding teeth-too many teeth" and "facial deviation caused by jaw plane deviation".
Most of the operations were performed in the mouth, and there were no scars on the face. The basic principles of operation are bone cutting, jaw correction and fixation.
Most of these operations are performed after the bones are mature, and a small number of patients need early surgical intervention, such as hemifacial hypoplasia.
With the change of people's eating habits (such as the reduction of crude fiber food), food is over-nourished and develops prematurely. The development of human jaws is unbalanced. Nowadays, many normal people are accompanied by abnormal occlusion, but everyone does not realize that this is a pathological state.