1. Pruning: Pruning in growth period is from late April to late August, and pruning in dormancy period is from late June to late March of the following year. Remove useless new buds from the tree, including over-branches at the base of the main stem and some over-branches. Seedlings with trunk diameter less than 1cm should not be pruned except for the overgrown branches.
2. Shaping: Seedlings generally adopt natural round heads. After the seedlings are planted, the seedlings with stem diameter less than 1cm will be cut short at about 80 cm ~ 100 cm from the ground, and the long branches will be pruned in the first year of planting. From the second year, except for 3-4 strong branches on the main stem, all the other branches were removed, and the remaining branches were separated by about 10cm, and then pruning techniques began. Perennial red maple and bonsai are modeled according to actual requirements.
Second, topdressing
1. principle: topdressing should adhere to the principle of "a small amount for many times, and be applied sparingly", so as to apply fertilizer according to the weather, soil and seedlings. It is suitable to use available nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage of seedling growth. In the rapid growth period of seedlings, nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early and middle stages, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are mainly applied in the later stage.
2. Methods:
(1) Dry application: Strip application is adopted. Dig ditches between rows or rows of seedlings, fertilize them, and then cover them with soil.
(2) Application of water: 3% ~ 5% is suitable for the concentration of decomposed human feces and urine. The suitable concentration of chemical fertilizer application is 0.3% ~ 0.5%. It should be applied on cloudy days or in the evening.
3. Frequency and quantity: topdressing in nursery, 2 ~ 4 times a year, and the quantity will increase or decrease according to the size of seedlings and different growth stages. In the early stage of growth, I diligently painted Bo Tu; The fast-growing period should be appropriately increased, and the total amount of annual fertilization should be generally controlled at 30kg~50kg per 667m2 (mu) of NPK compound fertilizer.
Third, intertillage weeding
We should master the principle of "except early and small". Manual weeding, uprooting when the ground is wet. In order to save labor, chemical herbicides can be used to kill weeds for seedlings planted after 1 ~ 2 years. Commonly used herbicides include ether, mirex, gaicaoling, fruit, glyphosate and so on. When using, the dosage and usage must be strictly controlled, and it is forbidden to use herbicides that affect the growth of red maple.
Fourth, loosen the soil and nourish it.
In addition to weeding, soil should be loosened and cultivated after rainfall irrigation and soil hardening. Loosening soil is generally 2 ~ 3 times a year, and the number of times should be increased if irrigation conditions are poor. The depth of loosening soil is based on the principle of not damaging the root system of seedlings.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Digging ditches and draining water.
After rainfall or irrigation, the accumulated water should be removed in time, and the seedbed should be cleaned for cultivation. This ditch should be opened to prevent the nursery from being damaged by heavy rain. For the nursery with heavy adhesion and easy water accumulation, a drainage ditch with a depth of about 50cm should be opened to control the groundwater level below the roots.
Six, pest control
(1) prevention and control principles
According to the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention", we should do a good job in prevention through forecasting and strengthening seedling raising techniques. For the pests and diseases that have occurred, comprehensive prevention and control measures such as chemical, biological, physical and mechanical measures should be taken in time to prevent and control them economically, safely and effectively.
(2) Prevention and control measures
1. Strictly implement the plant quarantine system stipulated by the state to prevent the spread and spread of quarantine pests and diseases.
2. Remove litter caused by pests and diseases in time, reduce the source of disease, strengthen cultivation management, strengthen tree growth, and create environmental conditions conducive to the growth of Acer truncatum seedlings and unfavorable to the occurrence of pests and diseases.
3. The use of pesticides should be strictly in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state. Choose pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue, use them rationally and control environmental pollution.
(3) Main diseases and insect pests of Acer truncatum and their control methods.
Grubs and crickets-Control method: water the roots or sprinkle fine soil with 50% phoxim EC or 1000 times Robam solution.
Scarabs and aphids-control methods: avermectin, imidacloprid, catching fast, etc. , spray water 1000 times.
Moth biting and moth-eating prevention methods: green kung fu, pyrethroid, etc. Spray with water for 3000 times.