Paper Keywords: Gestalt Psychology of Behavioral Landscape Design
Starting from the essence of behavioral psychology, by analyzing the relationship between behavioral psychology and landscape design, this paper expounds in detail the application of behavioral psychology in landscape spatial layout, landscape plant configuration, landscape paving and sculpture sketches. ?
Introduction to 0
Behavioral psychology originated in schools of psychology, USA in the early 20th century and was founded by American psychologist Watson. The application of human behavioral psychology in landscape design is to study the interaction between human behavioral psychology and the environment created by landscape design. What kind of living environment does human beings need? What should be the ideal residential garden, park green space and campus landscape in line with people's psychology? The answers to these questions determine the future development direction of landscape design. This paper analyzes the application of human psychology in landscape design as follows, hoping to find a satisfactory answer.
1 Application of Behavioral Psychology in Landscape Spatial Layout
The privacy of 1. 1 and the privacy of open space can be understood as individual's selective control of spatial accessibility. People's choice of private space can be manifested in three aspects: ① solitude; (2) control the environment according to your own wishes, such as establishing an environment where several people get along closely and are not disturbed by others; (3) Individuals do not seek Wen Da, and tend to remain anonymous in the crowd. At present, designers mostly adopt the method of enclosure, not only in private villa courtyards, but also in urban street green spaces, residential areas and urban squares, creating fully enclosed and semi-enclosed private spaces that meet people's needs. In the noisy and tired metropolis, people are eager to create a quiet place of their own, where they can study, sit still, talk and whisper. The design form of open space is simpler, such as setting crown trees in city squares; The lawn in the park should be as wide as possible, and there should be shelter from the wind and rain. In the green space of residential areas, we should try to choose plant varieties with high ornamental value, such as leaf viewing, flower viewing and fruit viewing. These design ideas can create more space suitable for large-scale activities.
1.2 Safe and stable space In a personalized space environment, people need to be able to occupy and control a certain space area. Psychologists believe that the field not only provides a relative sense of security and convenient communication, but also embodies the identity of the possessor and the symbol of the rights of the occupied field. Landscape design should respect people's personal space and give people a sense of stability and security. For example, planting some dense wall-climbing plants inside the courtyard wall not only increases the thickness of the wall, but also makes it difficult for people to climb; For another example, private courtyards are often separated from other courtyards by green barriers, which not only realizes the space limitation of their respective areas, but also plays a role in suggesting a sense of security to their families, thus giving people a sense of territory.
1.3 Practical Space and Pleasant Space There are some practical spaces in many garden landscapes, such as tree gardens, grass gardens, popular science gardens and special gardens. In these special spaces, people's opportunities to learn and understand nature can be increased, and participants can get a sense of satisfaction and accomplishment. In addition, there are many practical places, such as the tree altar under the canopy can provide people with rest; The opening of the lawn allows people to move inside; Design gardens and gardening facilities to allow tourists to participate in gardening activities; Using shrubs as hedges can not only subdivide the large site into small functional areas, but also prevent wind, reduce noise, hide indecent scenery, form visual control, and at the same time make people approach and appreciate the posture of plants. In modern times, garden landscape is not only limited to economic and practical functions, but also must meet people's emotional and psychological needs. People's behavioral psychology shows that the collocation of color, texture and various landscape elements can make people adjust their emotions and cultivate their sentiments in unconscious aesthetic feelings. Grasping these subtle psychological aesthetic processes of human beings is very important for how to create a place that meets the needs of human behavior.
2 the application of behavioral psychology in garden plant configuration
Plant disposition is one of the important elements in landscape design, and behavioral psychology is also fully reflected in plant disposition in landscape design.
2. 1 The orderly plant landscape image is the framework of the whole environmental image. There are many forms of road landscape. The garden road should be clear about its connectivity, have a strong sense of guidance and direction, and can be curved or straight in form, flat or battery. Even in the secluded path that moves backward, there is obvious regularity, suggesting that there is a hole in front to attract people to move forward.
2.2 The boundary in the boundary garden includes the boundary between the garden and the external environment and the boundary between different areas in the garden. Different boundary images can be formed by using plants. There are virtual barriers and real barriers. Virtual barriers, such as lawns, paths, etc., can organically plant spherical shrubs, form relatively vague boundaries, and play a role in defining space, but they do not excessively block the closeness between man and nature. Solid barriers usually surround the boundary with rows of dense plastic hedges, forming two insurmountable spaces, which effectively guide people to realize spatial transformation.
2.3 Icon symbol is a directional reference with obvious features and easy to find. People are very sensitive and excited about the environmental image of signs. As an iconic landscape, plants often use solitary trees to form visual focus. This kind of plants should have the characteristics of beauty in form, color, texture and seasonal change, and have high ornamental value, which is particularly fascinating. The planting of solitary trees in front of things and at the bridge head has suggestive symbolic function, which makes tourists have a clear sense of spatial belonging psychologically. By marking some ancient and famous trees with commemorative significance, the unique spiritual characteristics and connotation of the garden become the symbol of the whole garden.
2.4 concentrated in the entrance and exit of green space, the starting and ending points of roads, the intersection nodes between areas and roads, and the intersection nodes between areas. The center of an area or a symbolic landscape can be a landscape node. These places can make people feel like staying. The porch plays the role of conveying people's flow, attracting and guiding sight, so the plant configuration of the porch should not be messy and complicated, but should be concentrated and concise, with unobstructed vision; It will make people feel anxious and disappointed.
2.5 Regionality The regionality mentioned here mainly refers to regional landscape design, regional water system, spatial pattern of regional big cities and regional ecological network. The area in landscape design refers to the site that has some common characteristics, occupies a large space and needs landscape design. Since the landscape is a complex, we should consider how to design the ecosystem, how to design the community and how to embody the meaning. Therefore, a discipline called landscape design has emerged. The earliest discipline is called landscape architecture, and its predecessor is called landscape architecture, which is gardening. The end of 19 led to the emergence of landscape design and professional designers. The biggest feature of industrialization is professionalism, so it is necessary to systematically integrate this discipline. Landscape Architecture course appeared in Harvard University 1900. It should be said that it has had 40-50 years of practical experience before this. The founder is olmsted, that is, 19 landscape design started in the 1960s, but it really became a discipline. 1900, Harvard opened landscape design specialty, which was divided into urban planning discipline 23 years later. What does this subject do? It is the scientific summation of land analysis, planning, transformation, protection and restoration, the comprehensive design of land, the coordination of the relationship between man and nature, and the problem of how to use land. This kind of landscape design is by no means a facade and flower beds. From the perspective of behavior, the unity and harmony of regional design is the key to regional design. For example, design activity areas for people of different ages to meet the psychological needs of different people. Children are lively and curious. Plants in the activity area can choose some healthy, beneficial and ornamental plants, which can make children accept them easily, stimulate their curiosity and enhance their thirst for knowledge. When designing plants for the elderly, we should consider the calm and quiet character of the elderly and choose plants that are beneficial to their physical and mental health.
3. The application of behavior center in garden pavement and sculpture sketch.
3. The application of1in landscape pavement is a key point of landscape design and the framework of the whole behavior image. The size and color of paving bricks are related to the scale of the whole space and the atmosphere created. The comprehensive effect of pavement texture, texture and plane modeling can also create different atmosphere and drive people's behavior. In order to meet different purposes and people's psychological needs, various pavement forms are used in different types of landscape design to attract people to enter. For example, the elderly are quiet and calm, like to recall the past, and their visual needs are mainly visual experience, often keeping a certain distance from popular colors.
3.2 Application in Garden Sketches Functional landscape sketches in garden landscapes often play a leading role in space. For example, signboards and billboards all reflect the spirit of the times and local characteristics. Proper layout can beautify the square, display culture and cultivate sentiment. Sketch facilities in garden landscape, such as newspaper columns and telephone booths, directly affect the formation and richness of the landscape, and should be coordinated with the overall landscape in shape and color. One of the important elements of lighting landscape design. In sculpture, greening and fountains, the effect of lighting should be highlighted. It is advisable to diversify the colors by reflection and scattering, so that they can be mixed alternately, resulting in an ideal halo-removing effect. The choice of light source should pay attention to the change of seasons. In winter, orange light should be used to make the square warm, and in summer, high-pressure mercury lamps should be used to make the square cool.
4 conclusion
At present, the application research of behavioral psychology in landscape design is rare, and it is not perfect and comprehensive. Among the numerous articles in China, there are few articles devoted to human behavior psychology and landscape design, and their contents are also very limited. Gestalt psychology theory abroad is a good theory, but it still stays in theoretical application, and its application in actual landscape design is still less. A successful landscape design work should not only meet the ecological requirements, but also meet people's psychological needs. For the former, designers can achieve it through accurate data and means provided by modern science and technology, while for the latter, designers need to explore the ideal living mode in people's minds by studying people's behavior psychology, so that the design can be coordinated with it, which is very difficult and needs everyone to solve. The author hopes that through this article, the future research in this area will play a role in attracting jade.
References:
Jin Xiaoling, Sun Xuefang. Application of Behavioral Psychology in Landscape Design [J]. Northern Horticulture, 2008 (4): 162- 164.
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