What are the main tree shapes and characteristics of grapes?
1. Many main vines are naturally fan-shaped: generally, 3-5 main vines are left at the base of the plant, each main vine is divided into lateral vines or direct bearing branches, and all branches are fan-shaped on the shelf surface. Because there are many main vines, natural fans with many main vines generally do not form thick and hard branches, which is more convenient for areas buried in winter. Plant regeneration is easy, load is easy to adjust, and fruit is early. Disadvantages are: low position of fruiting, easy to be infected with fungal diseases; The new buds grow upright, which needs to be tied in time, which is labor-consuming and laborious; Shading, poor berry quality. 2. Dragon trunk shape: This tree shape is suitable for scaffolding. According to the number of dragonflies, they can be divided into single dragonflies, double dragonflies and multiple dragonflies, but their structures are basically the same. Generally, the length of the dragon trunk is 4 ~ 8 meters or longer, depending on the row spacing of the shed. Dragon trunks are evenly distributed on the shelf surface, and many fruiting branches are distributed on each dragon trunk. After years of short branch pruning, claw-shaped fruiting branches are formed. In winter, all the fruiting branches on the dragon's paw are pruned with short tips, and only an extension head with 6 ~ 8 buds is left at the top of the dragon's paw trunk. 3. One-arm tree: This tree is suitable for hedge frames and "high, wide and vertical" frames. The trunk height of this plant is about100-120cm. The top of the trunk is divided into two arms along the wire direction, and 5-7 fruiting branches are evenly distributed on each arm. If it is hedgerow cultivation, pull the second iron wire 25 ~ 30 cm above the first iron wire. If necessary, you can pull a third wire, usually three wires, to tie up the new shoots of grapes, and the top should be cored repeatedly to control the tree. If the "high, wide and drooping" shelf is used for cultivation, the new shoots growing from the fruiting mother branch will be divided into two sides and tied to the iron wires at both ends of the beam respectively, and most of the new shoots will naturally droop with the growth. This kind of tree is easy to prune, with good lighting conditions and high yield. 4. Trunk shape: It is the development of single-stem and double-arm trees. Generally, the trunk height is about 100 cm, the first main vine is selected on it, and the second main vine height is 130 ~ 170 cm. According to the height of the main vines, draw a line at the main vines on the first and second floors, and draw a third line at a position 30 ~ 40 cm above the second floor. It is feasible to trim short tips by arranging a fruiting part on the dry arm every 20 ~ 30 cm. Trunk-shaped trees are suitable for varieties with strong growth potential and can also be used in areas with long growth period. The specific tree shape is: two main roads for plant cultivation (or planting two trees in one hole), which extend their arms from the first and second iron wires respectively, and the mushroom parts are separated on them. According to the general habit, the new buds still grow upright, so the new buds need to be tied. This tree should be used in the areas prone to freezing injury in the north. Its structural feature is that the distance between the two floors is large, with the upper trunk off the ground 180 cm and the lower trunk off the ground only 30 cm. The lower layer is buried in the soil for winter every year. When the upper branches and buds suffer from freezing damage, some yield can be obtained from the lower branches and vines.