(Zhang, Chen Binghao)

A garden specializing in the production of asexual reproduction materials, built with plants with better genetic types. Also known as scion nursery. The generated asexual propagation material can be seed strips or seed roots. Cutting nursery can directly provide seed strips for afforestation or further asexual reproduction, and its management technology is simple, and there is no difference between big and small years. It is the main component of asexual reproduction and asexual afforestation. The basic requirements for cutting garden are: a large number of high-quality seed strips or roots can be provided continuously; The seed bands produced have no non-genetic differences due to position effect (see tree grafting); The method is simple, high in propagation coefficient and low in production cost. Cutting trees mainly comes from: primary selection of superior trees or selected superior trees determined by future generations; Excellent seedlings in excellent families (no more than two plants per family); Excellent young trees or seedlings with outstanding growth or strong resistance; Hybrid offspring. Planting methods vary with different tree species: directly planting seedlings, such as Chinese fir; Planting cutting seedlings, such as poplar, Cryptomeria fortunei, Chinese fir, pine and so on; Grafting, such as temporary collection scions of economic trees and various timber trees; Bury roots and strips, such as paulownia and Robinia pseudoacacia. The central link of the construction technology of cutting nursery is the pruning of cutting trees. Different tree species often take different measures.

Poplar ear picking garden

Shrub type and Gao Qian type are used to cut down trees. Shrub-cut trees have no obvious trunk. During construction, select 1 year cuttings or cuttings for direct planting. Plant spacing depends on site conditions, with plant spacing of 0.2-0.5m and plant spacing of 0.5-1.5m. In the winter of that year or the spring of the following year, stubble should be leveled at the position of 10 ~ 15 cm above the ground. When the tiller reaches 10 cm, 3 ~ 5 branches with strong growth and uniform distribution should be selected in time, and all the other branches should be pulled out. When planting drill sowing, the stubble should be leveled again, and the level of stubble should be increased by about 5 cm year by year, and only 3 ~ 5 dormant buds should be reserved. According to the growth of cut trees, it will be updated every 3 ~ 5 years.

Liu shan Cai sui yuan

According to the variety and site conditions, the tree shape of Cryptomeria fortunei cuttings can be divided into Gao Qian (1.5 ~ 2.5m), middle trunk (0.7 ~ 1.5m) and short trunk (below 0.7m). According to the crown shape, it can be divided into round head, flat head, cylinder, cone and cup. Typical and commonly used tree forms are as follows: ① low stem and flat head: planting with 1 year-old cutting seedlings; after 1 ~ 2 years, cutting flat at 30 ~ 40 cm above the ground, cutting and planting at the same height every year, cutting off the branches in the chamber and overlapping branches at the same time, and cutting short long branches to inhibit the growth of the trunk and promote the thickening of the backbone branches. Although some seed belts can be harvested before the crown is finalized, it is mainly to cultivate backbone branches. After the crown is formed, symmetrical seeds can be taken out from the same plane every year. At the age of 5 ~ 10, 3000 ~100000 seeds can be sown per hectare. With the growth of tree age, the cutting seedlings are gradually sparse, from 5000 plants per hectare to the last 1250 plants, and about 1250 plants can be planted every year. ② Low cup shape: after planting for 2-3 years, cut off the trunk at 20 cm from the ground, select 4-5 thick and evenly distributed branches, cultivate them into backbone branches, then cut off the top at 40 cm from the ground, and take measures to prevent the trunk from sprouting. When the tops of the backbone branches sprout, the cuttings are cut off according to the original height every year, so that they gradually form a branch tumor, and then the planting strips are taken from the branch tumor every year. The row spacing and yield of seed strips are similar to those of low drought flat head type. ③ Gao Qian cylinder: planting 1 annual cuttings (with more than 2 lateral branches) according to the row spacing of 1.4× 1.4m (5000 plants per hectare). When planting and tending, don't damage the side branches. Cut the first group of side branches at the grass-roots level by 2 ~ 3 cm, and don't cut the roulette branches above. In the second year, the newly grown side branches remained unchanged, and the side branches that were not shortened last year were shortened by 2 ~ 3 cm, and they were treated the same every year. The 2-year-old sprouting strips on the short-cut side branches are not moved, and the 3-year-old sprouting strips are cut off for sowing. When the trunk reaches the required height, the top is removed, and it can be shaped after about 6 ~ 7 years. Thereafter, the seed strips are taken out from the truncated lateral branches and the top of the trunk every year. With the growth of tree age, it can be thinned with 50% intensity, and finally 2,500 plants are reserved per hectare, and more than 200,000 seeds can be planted every year, and the maximum number can reach 400,000. Each cutting tree can be used continuously for more than 30 years.

Chinese fir ear picking garden

Use 1 ~ 2-year-old seedlings or cuttings, and plant them at the plant spacing of 0.5 ~ 1 m and row spacing of 1 m (per hectare1~ 20,000 plants). Pay attention to shallow planting when planting, and the depth shall be based on the root and neck level, and bend the trunk about 20 ~ 30 days after planting. From April to May of the planting year, each cutting seedling can draw 65,438+00 branches at the root neck on average (65,438+00-200,000 branches per hectare). The survival rate of cutting seedlings is above 80%, and when the seedlings grow to more than 20 cm, they can be planted in the nursery. It will continue to sprout after cutting. Before sprouting in the next spring, these sprouting strips will be used as cuttings, and those smaller than 10 cm will be kept and kept growing. The second strip mining will be carried out in March and April, and the third harvest can be carried out before the end of May. Although there are still seed strips that can be used after May, because it is summer, the transpiration intensity is high, and the labor intensity of seedling management fee is high. In that year, the nursery could not plant seedlings, so it was not used. Trunked trees are planted for 2 ~ 3 years (depending on the growth of trees), and the top is cut at the height of 0.8 ~ 1 meter. When germination occurs, it should be pulled out in time. Generally, the lateral branches are not pruned to provide nutrients, but the basal lateral branches that hinder the growth of sprouting strips should be pruned in time. With the growth of cut trees, thinning can be carried out according to specific conditions, and 654.38+00000 trees can be retained per hectare. The yield of cuttings increased with the increase of cutting age. At the age of 5 years, the average cuttings per plant 100 (per hectare100,000, 800,000 cuttings can be cultivated and 300 hectares planted). The cutting nursery of Chinese fir is designed according to the characteristics of Chinese fir. In the existing cutting garden, it has the advantages of quick response, high yield, high propagation coefficient and low production cost.