New woman | Be yourself
In fact, the positioning and transformation of the image of "new women" always evolves with the change of historical situation. This change process is not only the change of women's behavior and values, but also reflects the distribution of social and political discourse power at that time, and it is also the epitome of ideological changes in a period.
For example, ten years ago, it was probably a great insult that men were regarded as "sissies" by women. Now the deepest malice towards young men should be the word "cancer of straight men". From the fact that men must be rough and tough to the fact that straight men's thinking is despised, it is a change in women's own orientation and perspective, and it is also a diversified embodiment of women's views on gender in this era. Look, the status of women has improved. No wonder Xiaorou is infatuated with mature women now, and mature women have begun to boldly pursue Xiaorou's love. The most prominent examples are the star Christy Chung and Zhang Lunshuo, who is 13 years younger than her.
In modern history, women, as an important social component, were pushed to the forefront of public opinion in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At this time, China's ideological circle is in a diversified stage with different opinions and the combination of Chinese and Western, and intellectuals are fanatically pursuing political ideals and social modernization ideals. Traditionally, when a man can't get a good result in a quarrel, he will start to break the pot. At this time, the biggest group that has not been discussed is women. Naturally, "marginal literary young women" took over the pot of "straight men" and quickly grew into new women.
New women in the Republic of China
In fact, this is very similar to today. Everyone is slowly eating and wearing warm clothes. The fundamental problems of marriage and sex have moved to the internet, which is not satisfactory. If you can't marry Bai, you blame the bad social atmosphere and say that women are too realistic. Women can't carry this pot.
If you don't believe us, let's go back to the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China to see who is defining "new women" and whether there really is a "new woman".
If a man can't do it, blame the woman.
At the beginning of the 20th century, the image of new women was outlined, and the concept of "women's rights" appeared accordingly. A Japanese scholar named Dairi Sudo has verified that "women's rights" first appeared in the article "Communication between Men and Women" published by China 1900 "Qingyang Daily". Of course, the most influential person on women's issues at this time is Mr. Liang Qichao, who just came out of the reform and reform. Although he did not actively advocate "women's rights", he still put forward some suggestions for improvement on women's issues, arguing that women's qualifications are not worse than men's, but can be improved, and even that the strength of the country is directly proportional to the strength of women.
In the past, it was said that young people were strong and the country was strong, but in Mr. Liang's view, "women are strong and the country is strong."
Zhou Ying opened a girls' school.
Liang Qichao also actively advocated not binding feet and strengthening women's education, believing that these two issues are directly related to the strength of the country. We need to add a knowledge point here. For foot binding, it is usually understood as a backward concept and oppression of women. In fact, foot binding is not a helpless choice that women are forced to make. On the contrary, foot binding is the active choice of families with superior conditions in many cases. This is not only the embodiment of the patriarchal society, but also a more fashionable behavior, which satisfies the right of men to want women to stay at home. Although it hurts, many families and women will cater to this habit.
From ancient times to the present, women never seem to stop pursuing fashion because of pain, otherwise today's medical beauty plastic surgery industry would not be so developed. Judging from the reformist school represented by Liang Qichao, foot binding for fashion and beauty is really not the representative of new women.
Golden Age | This is the freedom I want.
Let's take a look at the new female image roughly described by the reformers: getting out of the shackles of small feet, not only can we engage in certain labor, but we can also take care of children at home. Not everyone can become such a new woman, mainly young unmarried women who have not bound their feet. Women who have bound their feet or can't educate their younger generation are hopeless.
From this point of view, the reformists still hope that women can learn some books, manners, culture and work, and in essence, they still serve their families instead of wandering outside.
Be the "Mother of the Nation"
Two years later, Ma, Jin Tianhao and other intellectuals also began to discuss. Although influenced by Liang Qichao, Ma began to pay attention to women themselves and advocated gender equality. Jin Tianyi, the great barista of the poetic revolution, created a new female image of "the mother of the nation", and put forward several times how important women as mothers are to family morality and how much influence mothers have on their children.
The importance of mother to children and family
Intellectuals are very cute. In order to reflect the theoretical value, they advocate this and that. However, you may say that this needs to be promoted. For thousands of years, mother is precious. Don't moms understand?
However, compared with Liang Qichao in the previous period, Jin's concept really pushed the future female image in the direction of revolutionaries, which is normal. Men can't change anything, so let women do it, but women should put family first.
Besides being a mother, you should also learn to be a man.
As you know, the reformists failed politically. However, western ideas are still being introduced, so women's rights are constantly being enriched and developed, and more and more feminists are joining the discussion about women's images.
I have to mention a familiar figure here: Qiu Jin. She advocates "doing the same duty as men" and emphasizes that women should contribute to the country. 1904, she published a letter to 200 million female compatriots in China, calling on women to stand up and ask them to break the oppressed situation themselves, saying that women's self-help is a means to save China. In short, you should learn from her.
Qiu Jin | We love freedom.
Such a strong image is easily reminiscent of Dong Mingzhu, who is now in charge of shopping malls. Judging from the picture of her mobile phone turned on, she denounced Peking University Master's selling rice noodles as a waste of educational resources. "Miss Dong" has become one of the representatives of new women in this era economically and socially, and also robbed the right to speak, which is very similar to the cancer of straight men today. Does it mean that successful women nowadays are very independent, earn a lot of money, and finally become the man you used to hate?
At this time, someone spoke again: "New women should not be too like men, but also be a good wife and mother." 」
Don't be too man-like, be a good wife and mother.
"Feminism" spread step by step in China 19 10 years ago, and people began to focus on politics, an area that women don't often touch. Driven by the tide of social revolution, the women's revolutionary army also came into being after the Wuchang Uprising. The main force is middle-class women who are mainly female students, that is, the image of female students you often see in TV dramas: the family is well-off, and the girl next door seems to be a good girl, but she rushed to the streets, full of blood for the revolution, and began to ask women to participate in politics.
Sun Wen, the forerunner of the revolution, seems to agree with this view, but in fact she is not optimistic about women's participation in politics, so women's participation in politics has aroused widespread discussion in society. In the end, as the revolutionary achievements were stolen by Yuan Shikai, the parliament became a phantom, and the dictatorship also cut off the ways and places for women to participate in politics.
It is not easy for women to participate in politics.
In the years when Yuan Shikai was in power, the discussion on "women's rights" and women's rights began to be conservative, but the female images that had been created before were returned to before liberation overnight, and they kept housework, advocated chastity, and even martyrdom began to be mentioned. The new women began to go back and turned back to the old women under political stability. History has always been like this.
In fact, at that time, a large number of female students who participated in the revolution chose to return to their families and be good wives and mothers. If they can be "pampered" wives, it will be the best way to go home. The "new woman" seems to have labeled herself as "controlling her husband".