When a boy’s foreskin is too long and cannot turn up and down freely, then the foreskin is too long. Such foreskin needs to be removed. Clinically, the foreskin is treated too long. The operation is circumcision, and the foreskin is related to the penis. Boys are naturally worried about the risks of the operation, so...

1. Circumcision safety

Circumcision has certain standards for the length of the foreskin to be removed. Generally, the foreskin is removed in a circular manner to a distance of 0.5-0.8 cm from the coronal sulcus of the penis. at. This range of resection can ensure that the foreskin will not be too short after surgery, so that the penis will not be painful or bent during erection or during sexual intercourse.

After circumferential resection of the foreskin, the wound is neatly sutured with silk thread, and then wrapped with gauze. The operation is completed. If there are no complications such as infection and bleeding after the operation, and the wound heals well, it usually takes 7 days. You can remove the stitches. It can be seen that circumcision does not have any dangers and will not leave any sequelae. All kinds of doubts are unnecessary.

Although circumcision is very simple and very painful, if care is not taken before and after the operation, some adverse consequences may occur. So, what issues should be paid attention to before and after circumcision?

Choose the appropriate timing for surgery: If the foreskin is acutely infected, surgery is not suitable and should be done after the inflammation subsides; if the foreskin is acutely infected If there is chronic inflammation in the body that does not heal for a long time, surgery should be performed as early as possible regardless of age, which is beneficial to the control of inflammation; if sexual life is affected by excessive foreskin or phimosis after marriage, or infertility is caused, surgery should also be performed. Of course, the best time for surgery is before any secondary lesions appear.

Cleaning the genitals: Starting from 3 days before surgery, soak the genitals with warm water or 1:5000 potassium permanganate solution every day. When cleaning, turn the foreskin over to expose the coronal sulcus and completely remove smegma. However, it should be noted that the foreskin should be reset in time after cleaning to avoid the foreskin of the penis becoming incarcerated.

Eliminate tension: Since the wound will be somewhat uncomfortable in the first few days after the operation, some people are worried about the impact on sexual function after the operation. This idea is unnecessary. Generally speaking, circumcision does not affect normal sexual function. On the contrary, if you carry ideological baggage, it may cause mental dysfunction.

Postoperative precautions: Try to avoid getting the dressing wet when urinating after surgery. If the dressing is contaminated by urine, it should be replaced in time. If you are a married man, you should note that the couple must live separately for a period of time after the operation and try to avoid sexual impulses.

2. Physiological structure of the foreskin

Structure of the foreskin The nerve distribution of the foreskin is extremely rich, especially the edge zone of the foreskin (circumcision usually involves the removal of this part). 4 arteries provide blood supply to the skin. The foreskin is divided into five layers from the inside to the outside, namely the mucosa, lamina propria, muscularis sarcolemma, dermis, and surface epithelium.

2.1 Mucosal layer

It is the same as the mucosal epithelium of penis head, which is squamous epithelium. The two epithelial layers are fused at birth and gradually separate with age. The mucosal epithelium contains Langerhans cells but not melanocytes.

2.2 The lamina propria

Contains abundant blood vessels. This layer lacks sweat glands and sebaceous glands. This layer contains Tyson’s glands, which are defined as fibroepithelial-like structures rather than gland-like structures and are thought to be the origin of smegma.

2.3 Sarcomuscular layer

This layer is specific to the male external genitalia. The panniculus carnosus allows the foreskin to fit comfortably over the penis. The panniculus carnosus contains smooth muscle cells and elastic fibers. The delicate, weak panniculus carnosus muscle of the penis surrounds the penis sheath and is continuous with the panniculus carnosus muscle of the scrotum. These muscles are sensitive to changes in temperature and have enough room to change to accommodate the needs of an erection. In infants and young children, these muscle fibers are arranged and wound in a mosaic manner, causing the distal end of the foreskin to fold and close like a single-port valve, which is beneficial to preventing the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms. Before puberty, the content of elastic fibers in the foreskin is less. After adulthood, the content of elastic fibers increases, which helps the foreskin to fully stretch. The nerve bundles of the foreskin are arranged along the panniculus carnosus.

2.4 Dermis

Contains connective tissue, blood vessels and scattered sebaceous glands. This layer contains more elastic fibers than the lamina propria. The elastic tissue of the foreskin dermis and the rare sarcolemma muscle in the foreskin frenulum can fix the foreskin and help the foreskin return to its normal anatomical position after stretching.

2.5 Surface epithelium

It is a keratinized stratified phosphorus epithelium, and the basal layer is composed of melanocytes and also contains Langerhans cells and Merkel cells. Langerhans cells are the body's first immune defense system. Merkel cells are tactile cells of nerve terminal fibers that express intestinal polypeptides, neuron-specific enol esters, chromogranin A, and cytokeratin that act on blood vessels. The exact functions of these substances are unclear.