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20 18 medical trade undergraduate employment prospects
There are different trends in social demand for medical graduates. There is a demand for clinical medical talents, and talents engaged in geriatrics, health care doctors, family nurses and other occupations will gradually become popular. However, in recent years, the employment of preventive medicine and stomatology is difficult, and the employment of basic medicine and nursing specialty is not ideal. The difference is that the employment prospects of pharmaceutical graduates are generally good, and the overall supply is less than demand. Pharmaceutical factories and pharmaceutical factories are the big ones to attract such graduates, and the demand for talents in the pharmaceutical industry is rising steadily. In addition, the demand for professional and technical personnel such as trade, distribution, inspection and medical information management in the pharmaceutical industry will also increase. Zhang Shufang, secretary general of China Licensed Pharmacists Association, said that China needs at least 1 10,000 licensed pharmacists.

In addition, there are great differences between regions. Generally speaking, the more economically developed cities have less demand for graduates, while small and medium-sized cities have great demand for medical services.

From the perspective of salary, the latest data shows that the per capita annual salary of the medical industry can reach about 45,000 yuan, ranking second among all industries. The average annual salary of medical practitioners is 20,000 yuan, and the average annual salary of medical practitioners who have worked for three years can basically reach 40,000 to 50,000 yuan. The starting salary of medical graduates is basically 1500-2000 yuan/month, while the monthly salary of some urgently needed medical professionals can be as high as 6000-8000 yuan.

Medical graduates can go to the government's health department to engage in health management, health economic policy making and other work; Engaged in medical services in medical and health institutions at all levels, and designed and implemented disease prevention programs in scientific research institutions. Graduates are mainly engaged in medical treatment, prevention, teaching and scientific research in medical and health units at all levels, medical colleges and medical research institutes.

Main departments:

1. General hospitals at all levels, including general hospitals, specialized hospitals and community hospitals.

2. Medical scientific research institutions

3. Medical colleges and universities

4, prevention and health care institutions (centers for disease control, health supervision, health and epidemic prevention stations, etc.). )

5. Independent practice after having the qualification of medical practitioners and corresponding conditions.

The following is a concrete analysis of the specific employment situation of the two subjects in the professional course examination under the comprehensive clinical medicine of western medicine:

There are more and more graduates majoring in clinical medicine, and the difficulty of employment is gradually increasing.

In recent years, the employment situation of clinical medical graduates has changed. The shortage of clinical medical graduates has changed into oversupply, and the difficulty of employment is increasing day by day. Due to the expansion of medical colleges and universities, the total number of graduates majoring in clinical medicine has increased greatly, which has intensified the employment competition. At present, the development focus of most hospitals is not to expand the scale, but to focus on the urgently needed professionals with certain qualifications, and the situation of accepting a large number of graduates will not exist. Therefore, it is increasingly difficult for graduates majoring in clinical medicine to find jobs.

Graduates majoring in clinical medicine have an outdated concept of choosing jobs and high employment expectations.

Most graduates are optimistic about big cities and economically developed coastal areas, and position their careers in cities, big hospitals and units with good economic benefits. However, the medical and health institutions in big cities and developed areas are becoming increasingly saturated, and the competition in the medical talent market is becoming increasingly fierce. Therefore, the expectations of graduates majoring in clinical medicine are too high, which makes it difficult to find jobs.

1, internal medicine

(1) Traditional employment has been frustrated.

With people paying more and more attention to health and health care, the development momentum of the medical industry is becoming more and more rapid. Last year, internal medicine ranked ninth in the list of popular majors for postgraduate entrance examination. However, clinical work should pay attention not only to ability, but also to practical experience, which is very important for internal medicine in employment. The more well-known hospitals naturally pay more attention to this point, which is also a negative factor for graduates.

(2) New jobs are booming.

With the reform of medical services, Beijing will fully implement the responsibility system for family doctors. The expenses of "family doctors" can be reimbursed by medical insurance, and individuals only need to bear part of it, which will make family doctors have a broader development prospect. This is undoubtedly good news for medical students, especially those majoring in internal medicine.

(3) Gold plating for development

Only when one's own strength is improved can there be a basis for improving external conditions. In 2005, the overall employment rate of college graduates in China was 72.6%, including 9 1.9% for graduate students and 8 1.7% for undergraduate students. Only a high degree of education can make a high starting point. The survey shows that the average salary of graduate students is about 1000 yuan higher than that of undergraduates.

2. Pediatrics

3. Geriatrics

Population aging is a serious problem facing the whole world and China. Followed by a series of social problems such as medical care, social security and psychological problems of the elderly, how to solve the above needs of such a huge group has become an important and urgent problem.

Among them, medical care and health care for the elderly are the most prominent problems, and the social demand for gerontology will also be greatly improved. The society will urgently need professionals in medicine, gerontology, health care and nursing to engage in medical care for the elderly. Such a large social demand will also bring rich economic returns to the practitioners in this industry and contribute to the physical and mental health of the elderly. Therefore, the employment prospects of geriatrics major are promising.

4. Neurology

Nervous system diseases have the characteristics of high incidence, high disability rate, high mortality rate and high disability rate, and have become one of the research hotspots at home and abroad. At present, the neural-endocrine-immune network system, which consists of nervous system, endocrine system and immune system, has become the frontier science in life science and has broad development prospects.

Graduates of this major can work in neuropsychiatric departments, clinical psychology departments and mental health specialized institutions in general hospitals, as well as in medical research institutions and medical colleges, engaged in medical treatment, scientific research and teaching.

5. Mental illness and mental health

Objectively speaking, mental health specialty is easier to get employment than other clinical specialties, and employment is generally in large and medium-sized cities. The development of mental health in China lags far behind that in developed countries, and there are obvious regional differences between north and south. However, with the acceleration of people's life rhythm and the tension of interpersonal relationship, mental and psychological problems are increasingly prominent, which has great room for development. However, the overall income of mental health professionals in China is relatively low (relative to clinical practice), so they should be prepared to be discriminated against by others. In a word, the future is bright and the road is tortuous.

Professional certificates related to psychiatry and mental health are:

Professional qualification certificate of psychological counselor

(1) The profession of psychological counselors is divided into three grades according to the national professional standards.

1. psychological counselor (national vocational qualification level 3),

2. Psychological counselor (national vocational qualification level 2),

3. Senior psychological counselor (national vocational qualification level 1)

(B) the method of determining the level of psychological counselors

The professional qualification appraisal of psychological counselors (national vocational qualification level 3) adopts the way of national unified organization examination and certification. The content of examination certification includes two parts: theoretical knowledge and skill operation: the theoretical knowledge part is conducted by written closed-book examination; The skill operation part adopts the combination of interview assessment and written examination.

Candidates must first take and pass the psychological quality test of professional practitioners of psychological counselors after registration, and submit a psychological counseling case report as the basic information for interview assessment.

(3) Issuing certificates

1. The professional qualification certificate of psychological counselors in the national unified appraisal pilot is issued by the Ministry of Labor and Social Security.

2. Certification conditions: declare to participate in the appraisal at this level, and the results are qualified.

6. Dermatology and Venereology

This major is closely related to clinical departments and has its own characteristics. Dermatology has developed into an independent discipline with a wide range of contents. Its professional contents include clinical dermatology, venereology, leprosy, occupational dermatology, dermatology, dermatology and physiotherapy and some related basic disciplines of dermatology. Therefore, the cultivation of talents majoring in dermatology and venereology requires not only a solid grasp of the basic theoretical knowledge and operational skills of this major, but also a familiarity with the basic knowledge of other related disciplines outside this major, so that it is possible to promote the continuous development of this discipline in future work.

7. Imaging medicine and nuclear medicine

Imaging medicine and nuclear medicine are divided into radiology (including X-ray, CT, magnetic vibration and interventional radiology), ultrasound medicine and nuclear medicine.

(1) the needs of the development of the times

With the rapid development of computer technology, the performance of medical imaging instruments has been greatly improved in recent years. At present, medical imaging technology has clear imaging and high resolution, which can not only display the contours and shapes of normal and abnormal structures, but also observe the blood, metabolism and function of organs. It has been widely used in the examination and diagnosis of various diseases in many systems and parts, greatly improving the diagnostic level and playing an important role in clinic. Interventional diagnosis and treatment has also made great progress, so that many diseases can be treated by minimally invasive methods, especially for some tumors, which can be compared with medical treatment or surgical treatment and become one of the first choice in clinical treatment.

Nuclear medicine is a new science involving many disciplines in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It regards the diagnosis part as a whole, including the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in various systems of human body. The rapid development and penetration of modern computer technology, nuclear electronics, nuclear pharmacy, cell hybridoma technology, molecular biology and accelerator miniaturization have continuously promoted the development of nuclear medicine, such as the appearance of molecular biochemical PET imaging technology, which has realized the molecular level research of human beings for the first time.

(2) Compared with advanced countries, it needs to be developed.

After years of efforts by imaging medicine and nuclear medicine workers, China's imaging medical technology has reached the international advanced level in many aspects of clinical application, and some research projects have entered the world advanced ranks. However, there is still a certain gap compared with advanced countries in basic theoretical research, medical bioengineering technology, including the development of computers, instruments and equipment, and the development of new imaging technologies. Imaging medicine and nuclear medicine have developed rapidly in some powerful areas and hospitals, which are the main basis and means for clinicians to diagnose. The treatment of some diseases also needs the participation of nuclear medicine doctors to be better completed.

Generally speaking, the employment forms of imaging medicine and nuclear medicine are better than clinical practice, but the demand for hospitals in this major is very small and it is easy to be saturated. Employment will become a problem in a few years! Physical examination, forensic medicine and anesthesia are better than images in the future!

8, clinical laboratory diagnostics

9. Nursing

(1) Nurses with high academic qualifications have good employment prospects.

Nursing profession has always been one of the occupations with high status and high salary in the world, and nursing talents are also one of the talents in short supply in the world. For example, the average annual salary of nurses in the United States is $50,000, while the United States lacks 300,000 nurses. In Australia, nurses are the easiest to find jobs or get promoted. At the same time, as long as you have the qualification of registered nurse in Australia, it is equivalent to getting a "green card" to work in Commonwealth countries. Western developed countries such as Britain, France and Germany have many preferential policies for nurses. Therefore, nurses with profound professional knowledge, high comprehensive quality and fluent international communication language have broad prospects for employment and development in the world.

At present, hospitals in many large and medium-sized cities in China have foreign-related clinics, and some joint-venture hospitals and "foreign-funded" hospitals have mushroomed in Beijing and Shanghai. Therefore, if nursing talents have professional knowledge such as nursing, nursing interpersonal communication and nursing etiquette, and also have certain foreign language skills, they will have wider employment options and can engage in foreign-related medical services, international technical cooperation and exchange, data transmission and other work in China.

(2) Male nurses are sought-after target talents.

It is understood that nursing talents are one of the talents in short supply this year 12, but the enrollment of nursing majors is extremely deserted. At present, there is a great demand for highly educated nursing talents in major hospitals. In addition to a wide range of knowledge, highly educated nurses are easy to communicate with all kinds of patients, and have strong nursing research ability, and are better at finding, analyzing and solving problems in clinic.

In addition, male nurses are extremely sought-after target talents in major hospitals. Because male nurses have an advantage over weak lesbians in the face of bloody scenes and dying patients when they appear in operating rooms or emergency rooms, male nurses can cooperate with doctors more stably than female nurses when they are in danger. Therefore, the scarce "male nurses" were "booked out" by major hospitals before graduation.

/kloc-0 0 surgery

Surgery, as a basic major of clinical medicine, ranked fifth in the list of popular majors for postgraduate entrance examination in 2007, but did not enter the top ten in previous years. This shows that with the improvement of material living standards, people's awareness of health care is enhanced, and everyone has to go through the process of birth, illness and death, which makes the medical industry more and more hot. Moreover, in view of the nature of the work of surgeons, which is more technical and needs people with better physical fitness, the replacement is faster and the demand for young talents is greater, so the demand market is not easy to saturate or the saturation period is shorter. At the same time, neurosurgery, plastic surgery, ankle surgery and other emerging surgical specialties need a large number of talents to fill the gap, and such talents will be in short supply for a long time.

1 1, ophthalmology

(1) New employment points have emerged in social development.

In recent years, with the continuous progress of science and technology, ophthalmology has made great progress, and new disciplines such as optometry have emerged. Ophthalmology is a new interdisciplinary subject, which combines modern optical technology with modern ophthalmology and uses modern optical principles and technologies to solve visual obstacles. It is a medical specialty with both classic traditional colors and modern high-tech characteristics, and it is also an interesting, challenging and rewarding medical specialty. Compared with other medical professions, ophthalmology has the highest employment rate.

(2) There is a great demand for talents at present.

At present, the incidence of myopia among adolescents in China is as high as 50% ~ 60%, accounting for about 33% of the total number of myopia patients in the world, far higher than the proportion of the total population of 22% in China. The incidence of amblyopia is 2% ~ 4%, and the incidence of low vision is 1% ~ 2%. At present, about 800 million people wear glasses. At present, the annual output value of global eye-related optometry products is about 40 billion US dollars, and we only account for about 65.438+0.5 billion yuan. Therefore, ophthalmology has a very broad prospect in China.

12, Department of Otolaryngology

13, Oncology Department

In the past few years, infectious diseases such as AIDS, SARS, avian influenza and even the recent hand, foot and mouth disease have brought great challenges to the public health field in China. However, chronic diseases (or non-communicable diseases), such as malignant tumors (cancer), cardiovascular diseases and diabetes, are becoming major long-term threats to the world and China. On May 19 this year, the World Health Organization clearly pointed out in its latest report that non-communicable diseases are becoming the most deadly "killer" of mankind. Among them, malignant tumor ranks first. Under such circumstances, the country's demand for oncology professionals can be imagined.

(1) People's health concept has changed.

Nowadays, the aging population, smoking, environmental pollution and urban-rural differences are the "culprits" of the rising cancer mortality in China. It is not difficult to find that digestive system tumors such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer and colorectal cancer have become the main malignant tumor types in various cancer-prone areas due to the above reasons. People talk about cancer discoloration. With the improvement of economic level, more and more people begin to pay attention to the examination and prevention of their own health. For a long time, the limited health resources in China have been excessively concentrated on the treatment of advanced cancer, but neglected the prevention of cancer, which is a worrying problem. The change of people's health concept undoubtedly requires more talents in cancer prevention and treatment to contribute their own strength.

(2) Cancer prevention and control is the final trend, and graduates need to deepen themselves.

The continuous decline in cancer mortality in the United States is attributed to the implementation of preventive measures such as tobacco control, early detection of cancer and progress in treatment technology. This experience and lesson can be used for reference by China. Most cancer hospitals in China have considerable income, but the cancer prevention and treatment talents are lost. The pathogenesis and mechanism of tumor still need further study. It is the most important task in oncology to formulate active and effective prevention methods. There is no denying that in the face of terrible malignant tumors, the challenges of mankind are enormous, but the wisdom of mankind is endless. The society needs outstanding professionals in professional fields to innovate and break through. Therefore, graduates in the medical field, especially in the direction of cancer, should strive to improve their abilities in order to better serve the public and even all mankind.

14, rehabilitation medicine and physiotherapy

(1) Employment direction:

Graduates can engage in medical treatment and scientific research in rehabilitation, physiotherapy, acupuncture and massage departments of general hospitals at all levels, medical treatment or rehabilitation nursing in community health service centers, sanatoriums, nursing homes, rehabilitation institutions, factories and other medical and health institutions, and also engage in teaching and scientific research in colleges and universities.

(2) Employment prospects:

China has a large population; Now it has entered an aging society; One of the "side effects" of the urban family planning policy is the increasing pressure of raising the only child, which requires a socialized rehabilitation medical system. China is now developing very rapidly, living conditions have been greatly improved, and life is becoming more and more leisurely. Without any other desires, people are struggling for their own lives. With the development of mass sports and competitive sports in China, rehabilitation medicine will develop greatly.

15, sports medicine

In recent years, with the development of modern science such as medicine and sports science, the connotation of sports medicine has been continuously enriched, enriched, developed and improved according to the improvement of competitive sports level, the extensive development of mass sports activities and the demand of the sick and disabled for sports medical rehabilitation.

Sports medicine in China is characterized by the combination of traditional Chinese and western medicine, which has attracted the attention of international sports people. With the development of the two grand plans of "Olympic glory" and "national fitness". The important role of sports medicine has been paid more and more attention. The information technology revolution and biotechnology revolution that swept along with the new century also injected new vitality into the sustainable development of sports medicine. It has become the most important topic in sports medicine research to study how to improve people's sports ability to the maximum extent, prevent and treat sports technical injuries, guide mass sports, apply physical exercise to accelerate functional recovery after injuries, and prevent and treat sports insufficiency and senile diseases.

It can be seen that the scientific research, teaching and clinical specialty of sports medicine all need middle and senior talents, and the employment prospects of sports medicine graduate students are very promising.

16, Anesthesiology

17, emergency medicine

(1) At the beginning, there was a shortage of professionals and a great demand.

Like all professional disciplines in the medical field, clinical experience and lessons need to be analyzed and summarized by professionals. This is one of the necessary conditions for developing and improving every subject. The same is true of emergency medicine, except that at the beginning of its establishment, professional doctors were very scarce. But it is developing rapidly. Because it belongs to a new part of medical science, with the development of medical science, emergency medicine will inevitably develop rapidly. In addition, it is a discipline to solve acute and critical diseases, and it needs to study how to rescue acute and critical diseases more quickly, effectively and systematically, and deal with the problems encountered in "disaster medicine". Society needs, people need. Therefore, from this perspective, the demand for graduates majoring in emergency medicine is great.

(2) It needs further development, and efforts need comprehensive consideration.

Emergency medicine is a young subject. At present, many general hospitals and some specialized hospitals in large and medium-sized cities have set up emergency departments or emergency rooms, and are equipped with medical personnel such as doctors and nurses. However, at present, the establishment of emergency departments in many hospitals only focuses on solving administrative problems. The development of emergency medicine is of great significance for cultivating professionals, establishing a perfect emergency medical system and improving the level of emergency medicine. How to do this requires professionals in this field to conceive, practice and summarize. At present, there is no ready-made model, so we can only explore, design and build it ourselves. The advanced experience in the world can be used for reference, mainly to combine the actual situation in China to create an emergency specialty suitable for our society. Therefore, the specialty of emergency medicine should be further developed, and the employment of graduates will inevitably get better and better. Although it is not difficult for graduate students in emergency medicine to find a job, the work intensity and environment require certain physical requirements, so students who are committed to taking the emergency postgraduate exam should be fully prepared.