1. Try to avoid coughing and give cough suppressants if necessary. 2. Reduce activities, keep the stool unobstructed, avoid holding your breath hard, and take corresponding laxative measures when necessary. 3. Patients with severe chest pain can be given corresponding painkillers. 4. Closed thoracic drainage is carried out according to the nursing routine of thoracic drainage. Ordinary care: 1. Give a diet of high protein and moderate crude fiber. 2. Semi-recumbent position, oxygen supply, oxygen flow rate is generally above 3L/ min. Step 3 stay in bed. Health guidance: 1. Diet care, eat more high-protein diet, not picky eaters, not partial eclipse, eat crude cellulose food properly. 2. After the pneumothorax is cured, avoid strenuous exercise, weight lifting or weight lifting, and hold your breath within 1 month. 3. Keep the stool unobstructed, and effective measures should be taken if the stool remains unsolved for more than 2 days. 4. In order to prevent upper respiratory tract infection and avoid severe cough, we should give up smoking and alcohol, because smoking can cause bronchospasm, increased secretion, mucosal epithelial injury, squamous metaplasia, hair loss and gland hypertrophy. Smoke contains toxins such as aldehydes and nitrogen oxides, which can stimulate inflammation of respiratory mucosa, cause cough and excessive phlegm, and induce and aggravate asthma attacks. Therefore, quitting smoking and drinking alcohol should be absolutely avoided.