Under normal circumstances, it can also be cultivated in Henan Province, but young fruits with fruiting period below MINUS 2 degrees will be frozen, and the suitable cultivation areas are the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the south. It is best to have fertile soil. Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan Province and other places have more plants.
It is best to plant loquat in greenhouse in the north. Open-air planting grows slowly and is not easy to survive.
Main cultivation techniques in greenhouse:
1, colonization. Planted in the greenhouse, north-south rows, close planting cultivation, plant spacing of 2× 1 m, 5 plants per row. In the case of sunny weather in spring, choose 1 year-old seedlings.
2. Temperature management. 165438+1at the beginning of October,165438+1The greenhouse will be heated around October 20th to ensure that the minimum temperature at night is not lower than 10℃, and the heating will be stopped around March 20th. At the same time, pay attention to the noon temperature can not be too high, timely ventilation, keep the temperature in the greenhouse not more than 30℃. In May, greenhouses and greenhouses will be built.
3. Lighting management. Seedlings like to scatter light. After planting, they should set up a sunshade net to shade the sun when the light is strong. But adult trees need enough light. Direct sunlight is easy to get sunburned, so it is necessary to plant it densely in summer and build a sunshade net to shade it.
4. Water and fertilizer management. Loquat likes an environment with moist air and plenty of water. Dilute water should be poured in the fruit development period and the new shoot growth period, and water should be properly controlled in the fruit maturity period to avoid fruit cracking, fruit quality decline, delayed ripening and other adverse consequences.
Loquat is a fruit tree that needs a lot of fertilizer and has no obvious dormancy period. Shooting 3 ~ 5 times a year requires a lot of fertilizer. Young trees should be fertilized 5 ~ 6 times a year, every 2 months/kloc-0 times, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and thin fertilizer should be applied frequently. Adult fruit trees are fertilized four times a year. Fertilize before flowering for the first time from mid-July to mid-August, and apply 5 ~ 10 kg of livestock manure per plant. The second fertilization is from the end of165438+/kloc-0 to the beginning of 65438+February, and each plant is applied with 4 ~ 5kg farm manure, 0.8 ~ 1 kg compound fertilizer, 0.8 ~ 1 kg calcium magnesium phosphate and 0.3 ~ 0.5kg urea. The third time, during the fruit expansion period, the demand for potassium was the largest, which was 2.7 times that of nitrogen. In June 5438+the following year1October, during the rapid fruit expansion period, quick-acting fertilizers mainly containing potassium and phosphorus were applied, and exogenous fertilizers were applied. After the fourth fertilization, it should be applied in late March of the following year, before or within 1 week after fruit picking, with nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer and part of organic fertilizer added.
5. Flower and fruit management. Loquat has a long flowering period, and the first flower is mainly used in greenhouse, which not only has large fruit and good quality, but also makes loquat bear fruit and mature early. Try to thin the fruit as early as possible in the greenhouse, first remove the deformed fruit, diseased fruit or stunted young fruit, and leave 5 ~ 6 fruits per ear. Try to hide the fruit in the leaves when thinning the fruit. Bagging with special grape bags after the last fruit thinning. It starts from the top of the tree and then covers down to the periphery of the crown. Paper sleeves can be tied with straw or paper clips. When bagging, make sure that the bag bulges to facilitate ventilation.
6, plastic trimming. In the young tree stage, a lot of pruning is not carried out, and branches are mainly pulled from 1 month to 1 month and a half before the first flowering to promote flower bud differentiation and ensure the early yield of loquat. After picking loquat, the fruiting tree was pruned, and the loquat tree was gradually cultivated into a trunk layer with thinning branches as the main means and for the purpose of ventilation and improving lighting conditions.
7, pest control. The main diseases that are easy to occur in greenhouse are sunburn and shoot blight. Therefore, facilities such as sunshade nets should be used to avoid sunburn, and at the same time, soil improvement and fertilization management should be strengthened to improve disease resistance. The main pests are red spiders and aphids. It can be controlled by pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity.