Chinese scientific name: annona squarrosa
Latin scientific name: annona.
Nicknames: fruit, Buddha head fruit, Saga fruit.
Field: the field of plants
Phylum: Angiosperm phylum
Category: Dicotyledonous plants
Purpose: Magnoliaceae.
Family: Annonaceae
Genus: annona
Type: Annona squamosa
Distribution: tropical area
English name: Sugar-apple, Sweetsop
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Small deciduous trees, 3-5 meters high; The bark is thin, grayish white and much branched. Leaves are paper-thin, arranged in two rows, elliptic-lanceolate, or oblong, 6- 17.5 cm long and 2-7.5 cm wide, with sharp or blunt tip, wide wedge-shaped or round base, light green back, slightly hairy at first, and glabrous later; There are 8- 15 lateral veins on each side, which are flat on the top and convex on the bottom.
Flowers solitary or 2-4 flowers clustered on the top of branches or opposite leaves, about 2 cm long, blue-yellow, drooping; Buds lanceolate; Sepals triangular, puberulent; The petals of the outer wheel are narrow and thick, fleshy, rectangular, and sharp at the top, arranged like tweezers, while the petals of the inner wheel are extremely small, degenerating into scales and slightly hairy; Stamens oblong, connective wide, apex nearly truncated; Carpels are oblong, hairless, stigma ovate-lanceolate, and each carpel has 1 ovule.
The fruit is a spherical or heart-shaped conical aggregate fruit with a diameter of 5- 10 cm, hairless, yellow-green, and covered with white icing. The flowering period is May-June, and the fruiting period is June-165438+1October.
The fruit is aggregate fruit, which consists of dozens of small petals, and each small petal contains a small black crystal nucleus (black seed). Oval, immature fruit is green, mature fruit is light green and yellow. Taste slightly sweet, creamy or milky white, creamy cake-like, fragrant, sweet to eat, good flavor. The edible rate of fruit is 67%. The weight of a single fruit is generally around 350 grams.
Like light, like warm and humid climate, the annual average temperature is required to be above 22℃, not cold-resistant;
It is suitable for growing in deep fertile sandy loam with good drainage. The main fruit ripens from June to 165438+ 10.
Native to tropical America. It is cultivated in China, Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan.
The propagation methods of annona include seed propagation and grafting propagation. Common annona seedlings have the characteristics of early fruiting and high yield, but their characters are not easy to maintain and are prone to premature aging. AP annona seedlings generally use common annona as rootstock, but it is prone to root rot in production. Several rootstocks resistant to root rot have been found in Zhanjiang South Asia Hot Cropping Research Institute, but intermediate rootstocks are needed. After the rootstock is selected, the first task is to cultivate strong seedlings and make them reach the grafting standard quickly.
Using common annona as rootstock, the seeds should come from high-yield and high-quality mother plants of excellent varieties. The fruits with large fruits and correct shapes should be washed after being taken out, and the seeds without solid grains and small grains should be immediately removed, dried and sown. The seeds sown in the next spring should be fully dried and sealed. When the rootstock thickness reaches about 1 cm, grafting is carried out. The grafting method depends on the season, and the phloem is not easy to fall off in spring, so branch grafting is generally used, and bud grafting is generally used in summer and autumn.
When annona is grafted by bud grafting, it usually takes 20 ~ 30 days to unbind, while when grafting by branch grafting, it is generally necessary to select buds before unbinding. For the plants survived by bud grafting, the rootstock can be cut off about 5 cm above the bud grafting position after unbinding 15 days. After rootstock cutting, a large number of sprouting tillers will be pulled out at the base, which should be pulled out in time to avoid competing with scions for nutrients and affecting bud germination. At the same time, the nursery should be kept clean and free of weeds, and the supply of fertilizer and water should be sufficient. When the grafted seedlings grow to 50 cm high and the stem diameter is about 65438±0.0cm, they can be planted in the nursery.
Choose the soil with good irrigation and drainage and loose soil to build the garden, and plant it in spring, with the row spacing of 2×3 meters. Planting holes should be layered with about 0.3kg of lime, 30kg of garbage mixed fertilizer, 0.5kg of phosphate fertilizer,10 ~15kg of soaked animal manure,1.0kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 0.2kg of compound fertilizer. After planting, young trees should be fertilized frequently and thinly. Generally, new shoots are fertilized twice for every 65,438+0 times of culture, and 65,438+0 times for bud stage and when the new shoots grow to 40 cm. The fertilizer is mainly available nitrogen, and each plant can be applied with 2.5 ~ 5 kilograms of bran water and 0.3% urea, or 50 grams of urea and 25 grams of potassium chloride. Combined with soil improvement in winter, apply organic fertilizer 1 time and chicken manure 15 kg per plant. Apply 0.5 kg of lime to each plant in winter and spring. Results Fertilization of trees is carried out around promoting the health of spring shoots and summer shoots, promoting the differentiation of flower buds of one or two fruits, setting strong fruits, improving soil and promoting root development. Attention should be paid to the application of organic fertilizer and lime, the ratio and adjustment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in each phenological period, and the coordination of late-acting fertilizer and quick-acting fertilizer, and fertilization should be carried out six times a year.
AP annona is not afraid of drought and water accumulation, so attention should be paid to eliminating water accumulation in time in rainy season, which is prone to root rot; In case of drought and wrinkled leaves, water should be sprayed immediately, and soil moisture balance should be maintained during fruit setting to avoid cracking and falling off of fruits due to long-term drought and showers. AP annona should be cultivated in a planned way, and the pruning of young trees should focus on shaping, which will lay the foundation for early fruiting and high yield. The method of picking the heart and leaves should be adopted to promote branching and cultivate short, multi-branched and evenly distributed round crowns as soon as possible. Cut off the top of the trunk at the height of 40 ~ 50 cm, cut off 3 ~ 4 leaves in the middle and upper part of the trunk to promote 3 ~ 4 main branches, and promote 2 ~ 3 main branches in the same way.