2. The Third World is the main force against hegemonism, power politics and safeguarding world peace. After the war, the third world countries are faced with the task of safeguarding national independence and developing national economy. In order to consolidate the achievements of national independence and develop economy, we must seek a peaceful international environment.
Defending world peace, opposing hegemonism and safeguarding national independence have always been important tasks for third world countries. There was no world war for half a century after the war, and the opposition of third world countries and people was one of the important reasons.
A large number of third world countries have joined the United Nations, which has greatly changed the status and role of this international organization.
The position and role of the third world in the world economy are rising day by day, and its development is changing the face of the world economy.
In addition, the cooperation of third world countries is also indispensable in solving global problems related to human destiny, such as ecological balance, environmental pollution, out-of-control population growth, food, energy, refugees and drug control. In the future, with the passage of time, these problems will become more and more prominent, and third world countries will increasingly need to participate in solving these problems.
A weak country has no diplomacy. On the world political stage, there are many powerful countries, and it is diplomacy for big countries to compete for interests. Weak countries have little say in international organizations. This can refer to the Iraqi war, the Indian-zhina war and so on. In the past, the United Nations, which was manipulated by big countries, was regarded by developing countries as a stage for dialogue with developed countries and had a high status.
Developing countries also have a high international status. But it still doesn't have much impact, mainly depending on the G-8.
Developing countries used to play an important role in the world political and economic arena with relatively complete group size and relatively unified strength, such as promoting the restoration of China's legitimate seat in the United Nations; Promote the convening of the sixth special session of the General Assembly on raw materials and development and adopt the Declaration and Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order;
After the Fourth Middle East War, sanctions against western countries with oil weapons led to the "first oil crisis" that lasted for three years.
Before the end of the Cold War, developing countries mainly relied on cross-regional and regional organizations to play their role, especially the Non-Aligned Movement, the Group of 77, the ACP Group, the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, the Organization of the Islamic Conference, the Arab League, the OAU (the predecessor of the AU) and so on. All these have strong cohesion and can speak with one voice on major issues.
Their main focus is to safeguard the political independence of developing countries, oppose the hegemony of the United States and the Soviet Union to harm their own interests, decolonize and eliminate apartheid, and demand the establishment of a just and reasonable international economic and political order.
After the end of the Cold War, especially since the beginning of 2 1 century, economic globalization has developed rapidly, knowledge economy and information revolution have changed with each passing day, the contrast among world powers has changed dramatically, the global interest pattern has been diversified and complicated, international rules have undergone new evolution, and various forces are competing to reshape order. Under such a strategic background, developing country groups have undergone great differentiation and reorganization.
Most of the large developing country groups formed by religion, race, geographical factors or similar political and economic demands are losing their vitality, and it is difficult to influence the solution of major global hot issues and guide the world's major economic and political trends. Their summit meetings or foreign ministers' meetings are still held regularly, and a large number of declarations, statements or communiques are still issued, but there are few substantive cooperative actions, let alone unified strategic efforts, and their words are not kept.
For example, organizations with dozens or hundreds of member countries find it difficult to form a unified position on globalization, anti-terrorism, the Iraq war, Iran's nuclear program, the Arab-Israeli dispute, Darfur, Kosovo, Doha Round, climate, environment, UN reform, soaring oil prices and other issues, and even fall into quarrels.
Internal development is unbalanced, and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening, which leads to different interests and even conflicts. For example, among the 57 member countries of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), the total GDP of Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, Nigeria, Pakistan, United Arab Emirates, Egypt and Algeria 10 in 2007 was about $2,044.2 billion, accounting for 72% of the Islamic world.
Except Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Kuwait and Brunei, the other 47 countries are all rich countries, and the total financial resources of the other 42 countries are not comparable to Saudi Arabia. They owe $730 billion in long-term foreign debt, accounting for 87% of their annual gross domestic product, and they are unable to repay it. The per capita income of the six GCC countries and Brunei has surpassed that of some developed countries, among which Qatar's per capita annual income is $66,063, making it one of the richest countries in the world.
At the same time, among the 49 least developed countries designated by the United Nations, 22 are Islamic countries, and another 7 Islamic countries are close to the main indicators of least developed countries due to economic recession. The above situation will inevitably lead to conflicts of interest. According to the assessment of WTO in 2007, tariff and non-tariff barriers between developing countries are still high, and 50% of the global anti-dumping investigations occur among developing countries.
Internal contradictions and conflicts have entered a period of frequent occurrence, and the combination of various forces is constantly changing. More than half of developing countries are plagued by border disputes, resource disputes, tribal frictions, sectarian contradictions, wars, plagues, extremism, separatism and terrorism, and tens of millions of refugees have emerged.
Small, weak and poor countries have to draw lines around big, powerful and rich countries according to their survival needs, or "rebel" frequently and change their "camp affiliation". A considerable number of people have lost confidence in the future of the country and moved or stayed in developed countries through legal or illegal channels.
Some developing countries with a high degree of economic, scientific, technological, educational and social development are eager to change their national orientation and get rid of the label of "developing countries". In addition to 12 "primitive" developing countries that have become new members of the European Union, a number of countries such as South Korea, Singapore, Turkey, Ukraine, Macedonia and Croatia are no longer willing to be called "developing countries" or "third world countries".
They "introduced" the western political system, economic model and legal system, and their value judgments on so-called "democracy", "human rights", "freedom of the press" and "national self-determination" are gradually converging with the west.
Extended data
Achievements and problems of economic development
1, the economic development of developing countries
Most of the third world countries are agricultural countries, with weak industrial base, single economic structure, low productivity and poor people's lives. After half a century of construction, developing countries have achieved different degrees of development. Generally speaking, the economy developed rapidly in the first 30 years, and then stagnated in the 1980s (known as "lost 10 year").
After the 1990s, there has been a new development momentum. The performance is as follows: first, it has created a higher economic development speed than before independence, and even created a higher economic development speed than developed countries. Second, the abnormal economic structure has been changed to varying degrees. Third, the national economy has made great progress. Fourth, its share in the world economy has increased.
Since 1990s, the overall economic strength of developing countries has been enhanced.
Since the 1990s, the economies of developing countries have developed rapidly on the whole, their strength has been enhanced, and their position and role in the world economy have been continuously improved. The proportion of developing countries in the world economy has increased significantly. In particular, East Asia's economy continues to grow at a high speed, and Latin America's economy is also developing rapidly. Africa has now begun to get rid of many difficulties.
It is worth noting that during this period, western developed countries fell into economic recession one after another, while developing countries continued to develop rapidly. This shows that the dependence of developing countries on developed countries has begun to weaken, and its influence on the world economy and the economic development of developed countries has been increasing. This will help them safeguard national independence and sovereignty, oppose hegemonism and establish a new international political and economic order.
3, the main experience of economic development in developing countries
Since the mid-1980s, especially since the 1990s, developing countries have been adjusting their economic policies and reforming their economic systems. Its experience mainly includes the following points: first, formulate and adjust the economic development strategy according to its national conditions. In order to achieve better development results, the development strategy of combining export orientation with import substitution is generally adopted to replace the development strategy of import substitution in the past.
Second, deepen economic restructuring. Including reducing excessive state intervention in the economy, emphasizing the role of market mechanism, transforming state-owned enterprises and encouraging the development of private enterprises.
Third, adjust the industrial structure. Many countries have shifted from emphasizing the development of industry to attaching importance to the development of industry and agriculture, attaching importance to the development of the tertiary industry (service industry) and the fourth industry (information industry), strengthening the weak links of the national economy, and striving to achieve balanced development of various departments. Fourth, implement the open policy. Participate in the international economic tide to varying degrees and strive for favorable opportunities for development.
4. The imbalance of economic development in developing countries and the problems it faces.
Although on the whole, developing countries have made great achievements in the economic development of more than 50 years after the war. However, due to the differences in the original level of economic development, the stability of domestic political situation, the level of development strategy and reform and adjustment, the importance attached to science and technology, education and culture, and other geographical and demographic conditions, the economic development of developing countries is very unbalanced.
According to the level of per capita gross national product, it can be divided into four categories: first, high-income oil producers and exporters in the Middle East and other regions. Second, middle-income emerging industrial countries and regions. Including Brazil and Mexico in Latin America, South Korea and Singapore in Asia and Taiwan Province and Hongkong in China.
Third, lower-middle income countries and regions. They account for the majority of the third world and are mostly agricultural countries. They are in the stage of coexistence of capitalist mode of production and pre-capitalist mode of production, and are striving to realize the industrialization and modernization of the country. Fourth, the least developed countries. The population growth rate of these countries is higher than the economic growth rate, and many of them have not even solved the problem of food and clothing.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Developing Countries