Many farmers think that apple trees only need pruning in summer and winter, but in fact, they need pruning all year round if they want to produce high yield.
In recent years, apple tree pruning technology has developed rapidly, and there are many pruning methods. Next, Bian Xiao will introduce the technical points of apple tree pruning in four seasons.
First, spring sprout
Erase the useless buds on the back as soon as possible after spring germination, remove the competitive buds on the elongated branches and the over-dense new buds sprouted on the main branches, save storage nutrition, reduce ineffective consumption and promote effective growth.
According to the harm of late spring cold, re-shearing should be carried out before flowering, the number of branches and flowers should be adjusted, nutrition should be concentrated, the fruit-setting rate should be improved, the number of fruit-setting should be increased, and cold and antifreeze should be avoided.
Second, go to Wang in summer.
In summer, new buds grow vigorously, so it is necessary to remove branches that are too dense and too prosperous in time to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves.
According to the growth trend, the base 1-3 channel girdling of Wangzhi has obvious flower promotion effect.
If it is a large branch group with vigorous growth, the base of flower bud should be cut off when it is red to promote the development of flowers and fruits.
From May to June, short branches stopped growing, forming terminal buds, flower buds began to differentiate, branches grew too densely and too vigorously, and the whole tree consumed too much, which was not conducive to flower formation.
Sparse back and top, erect vine branches, reduce ineffective consumption, concentrate nutrition and promote flower bud differentiation.
For the missing branches on both sides, the branches on the back and inclined back can be led to the drooping missing branches by twisting, twisting, pulling and falling, and the fruiting branches can be cultivated.
If the location is suitable, but the growth is vigorous, three leaves can be left to re-core and promote the short branches to become flowers.
Clean up the top of all peripheral new shoots, the strong branches are driven by weak branches, and the weak branches are driven by strong branches, so as to maintain uniaxial elongation and promote the fruit expansion and flower bud formation behind.
Third, reveal the secret in autumn
Autumn is the key period to improve the yield and quality of red Fuji apples. In order to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves, remove useless long branches, cluster branches and over-dense branches on the back, take measures such as pulling branches and branching to improve ventilation and light transmission conditions, inhibit vegetative growth and promote reproductive growth.
If the fruit has two auxiliary tips at the base, 1 is too weak or too strong, 1 is medium.
After the fruit is picked, the big branches should be pruned according to the crown to improve the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and increase the storage of nutrients in the tree.
The spacing of branches in the same direction is about 40 cm, and the spacing of branchlets is about 20 cm.
Proper branch spacing, high flower bud quality, good fruit coloring, big head and stronger taste.
Fourth, winter adjustment.
Lush trees and trees with few flowers are mainly chopped lightly to slow down vegetative growth.
Weak trees and trees with large flowers are mainly pruned and drained, which concentrate nutrition and balance the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth.
First of all, solve the space problem between trees, and between the main branches of trees, first big branches and then small branches, first upper parts and then lower parts, first inner cavity and then periphery.
First, remove those big branches that are too low, too dense, have no room for extension and no use value, or those whose roughness ratio exceeds 1/3 (1 year can only remove 2-3 big branches).
Then remove the branches that are too dense and the thickness ratio exceeds 1/3, and open the optical path.
Remove all competing branches of the extension branch and keep the uniaxial extension state.
Then prune each bearing branch group in turn. According to the pruning method combining thinning, throwing and changing, thinning and throwing branches are the main methods, and the traditional methods such as coping and cutting are abandoned, which are basically not short or shrinking.
First, thinning the branches with serious pests and diseases, and keeping the branches with sparse or sparse branches. Aging branches should be renewed and rejuvenated in time, so that their distribution is reasonable and the wind path is smooth.
In practice, scissors should be used before sawing, and the number of branches per mu should be controlled at 80,000 -654.38+ 10,000.
The above are the technical points of apple tree pruning in four seasons. If you want apple trees to grow well, you must master the above pruning points of "spring sprouting, summer flourishing, autumn dense winter tune".
Many friends don't know much about apple tree pruning. I hope the above points can help apple growers.
So much for the pruning of apple trees. Welcome to read other agricultural contents of cucumber. com。
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