High-yield cultivation techniques of peony
First, the seedling raising method
Peony is generally transplanted with seeds, and the suitable seedling raising period is August-65438+February. Peony generally adopts the method of punching holes. Trenches with a depth of 3-4 cm are made on the whole border according to the row spacing of 10- 15 cm and the plant spacing of 5-7 cm. The seeds are planted in the ditch, and then covered with a layer of wet fine soil and flattened slightly, and then covered with a layer of 5- 10 cm thick. After thawing in the second year, the grass will be removed between "rain" and "thorn" When the seedlings grow to about 80%, we can spray 1: 200 times bordeaux solution on the stems and leaves of the seedlings to disinfect the seedbed and promote the growth of roots for autumn transplantation.
Second, the transplant method
Peony is generally transplanted in September-165438+1October, and the whole plant is dug according to the row spacing of 45-55cm and the plant spacing of 35cm. In order to increase the yield, two plants can be planted in each pit. The method is this: one hand holds two slightly separated seedlings, and the other hand fills the pit with soil. When the pit is full of soil, lift the seedlings up slightly so that the roots are straight but the terminal buds do not exceed the ground. Then the soil around the seedlings is compacted and covered with 10 cm thickness for wintering.
Third, intercropping and interplanting
Peony grows slowly in the first three years. In order to make full use of land and increase income, intercropping and interplanting are adopted, which has considerable economic benefits. Cotton can be interplanted in the first two years. Peony plants a row of cotton in each ditch, and the spacing between cotton plants is 40 cm. Leave a working lane for every two rows of peonies, which is convenient for cotton spraying and pruning. Intercropping cotton has the same output as professionally planted cotton, and intercropping soybeans, corn, vegetables and other medicinal materials is the same as cotton. The dormancy period of peony is from early July to mid-February, and double-row interplanting does not affect each other. Intercropping can also be done in the second year, and the density is half that of the first year. The third year is the full flowering period of peony, which can bear fruit 130- 160 kg. In the fourth year, the seeds can reach more than 200 kilograms, and at the same time, the rhizome medicinal materials can be harvested, and 550-650 kilograms of dried peony can be produced per 667 square meters.
Fourth, pest control.
Peony is basically free of pests and diseases during the whole growth period. If leaf spot and root rot are found, we can refer to the control methods of fruit trees for control.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) Harvest and process.
Generally, 3-4 years after the peony is transplanted, the roots are dug in August-10, and then the roots are removed and put indoors. After a few days, the roots will become soft and easy to core-pull. Peony is dried after core-pulling, which is commonly known as "black peony skin" for medicinal purposes. Some people scrape off the skin of the roots with glass sheets, and then core-pulling and drying, that is, peony skin becomes powder and peony skin is scraped into * * *. The kernel is thick, the rope is thick and long without wood core, the broken noodles are white and the aroma is rich.
Control measures of peony flowering period
The flower bud differentiation period of Paeonia suffruticosa generally starts from June to the end of September, and the double-petal and semi-double-petal varieties continue to differentiate after September. When you want to promote flowers, you should first choose suitable varieties, such as Zhao Fen, Er Qiao, Zhushanlei, Pink Lotus, Jinhong and Luoyang Red. At the same time, choose 4-5-year-old plants with full buds and healthy growth. Strengthen water and fertilizer management, carry out foliar topdressing during flower bud differentiation, and select and retain strong branches and buds.
It can enter the cold cellar on July 15, and keep the temperature at about 0 ~ 2℃ to promote its early dormancy. After half a month, put the cellar in a cool and semi-cool place and spray water around the plants and flowerpots to restore the growth of plants. After the buds germinate, gradually increase the light, and apply pancake fertilizer every 7 ~ 10 days, or apply 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer. After September 25th, the temperature remained at around 22%, and it blossomed at the end of September.
You can also cut off all the leaves in early August, leave the petiole 2 ~ 3 cm long, and apply decomposed cake fertilizer once to promote the germination of new buds. When flower buds germinate, gibberellin can be used to accelerate germination, help stems and fix buds. The method is to wrap absorbent cotton around the flower buds, and then apply 700 ~ 800 mg/kg gibberellin solution with a brush for 3-4 times every morning from 8: 00 am to 10, which can promote the orderly germination of flower buds. Spraying the mixed solution of 0. 1% urea and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 2-3 times after spreading leaves, and the flowers will bloom in late September. If leaves are picked in batches from late July to early September, they will bloom from early September to1mid-October.
Let peony blossom on New Year's Day or Spring Festival * * * *, you can choose fine varieties that are 4-5 years old, plant them in the air 45-60 days before New Year's Day * * * Spring Festival, move them indoors, and gradually raise the temperature, and control them at 15-20 ~℃ during the day and10-/kloc at night. After spreading the leaves, the light should be gradually increased, thin fertilizer should be applied every 7 ~ 10 days, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution should be sprayed on the leaves. In this way, after 40 ~ 45 days, up to 60 days * * * varies according to the variety * * *, and it can be exposed on New Year's Day or Spring Festival * * *. Proper cooling to 10 ~ 15℃ after flowering can prolong the flowering period.
Let peony blossom on May Day. At the end of March, move the dormant peony stored in the cold storage room indoors, gradually increase the temperature, and carry out appropriate watering, spraying water and fertilization. So the temperature will be higher at that time, and it will bloom after about 1 month.
Peony breeding model
transplant
Grafting propagation of peony can be divided into two types according to the different rootstocks used. One is wild peony; One is to use peony roots. The commonly used grafting methods of peony mainly include embedding method, abdominal grafting method and bud grafting method.
The grafting method takes the root of Paeonia lactiflora as the rootstock, because the root of Paeonia lactiflora is moderate in hardness, easy to graft, short in thickness and rich in nutrition, and grows vigorously in the early stage after grafting. If peony roots are grafted, the xylem is hard and difficult to graft, but the life span is longer. Generally, the best grafting time is from late September of 10 to early October of 10. Its rhizome is a stout peony root, with a diameter of 2-3 cm and a length of 10- 15 cm.
Abdominal grafting is a variety improvement method of high grafting and head changing. It uses many branches of inferior peony or 8- 10-year-old medicinal peony to graft into excellent varieties of different colors. The grafting time is from early July to mid-August. Firstly, peony plants with excellent varieties, strong plants and no pests and diseases are selected, and soil bud branches or short branches with a length of 5-7 cm are cut off from the ground, preferably 2-3 strong buds in the same year are used as scions. Leave a petiole on the scion. After the scion is selected, a knife is obliquely cut on the back of the bud under the scion to form a horse ear shape, and then it is obliquely cut into a wedge shape on the other side of the horse ear shape, so that both sides can touch the cambium tissue between xylem and phloem after grafting, and it is easy to survive. Before and after abdominal grafting of Paeonia suffruticosa, proper humidity for normal growth of the plant should be maintained except for no irrigation in rainy season. Bud grafting is an effective method for breeding peony with multiple varieties and colors.
Bud grafting is carried out in May-July. Sunny days are more suitable for grafting. There are two methods: sticking skin and changing buds. The skin sticking method is to cut a rectangular or shield-shaped incision on the annual branch of the rootstock together with the xylem, and then cut the axillary buds of the scion together with the xylem into bud blocks with the same size and shape as the rootstock. But the button quickly sticks the bud block to the cut of the rootstock and ties it tightly with plastic rope. The bud-changing method is to remove the axillary bud of the grafted part of the rootstock together with the cambium, and keep the complete bud embryo on the xylem, then peel off the axillary bud of the reverse scion in the same way, quickly cover it on the bud embryo of the rootstock, pay attention to the coincidence of the two, and finally tie it tightly with plastic rope. The grafted plants should be watered, loosened and fertilized in time to promote their healing.
Cutting propagation method
Cutting propagation is a method of propagating new plants by using adventitious roots of peony branches, which belongs to one of asexual propagation methods. The method is to cut the cuttings, separate them from the mother plant, and then insert them into soil or other substrates to make them take root and become new plants. Branches with native soil buds should be selected from the roots of peony for cutting propagation, or branches with full stems, full terminal buds and no pests and diseases should be selected as spikes when pruning peony, and the length is 10- 18 cm. The roots of peony are fleshy roots, which like high dryness, avoid dampness and tolerate drought. Therefore, the nursery bed should be ventilated and sunny, and a high bed should be built to raise seedlings. When cutting, pour one edge after cutting and pour it thoroughly at one time.
sow seeds
Sowing propagation is a sexual propagation method by breeding offspring or cultivating new varieties from seeds. Before sowing, the soil must be carefully sorted and disinfected, and the land should be deeply cultivated and fully fertilized. Then build a small border with a width of 70-80 cm, which can be planted in holes or rows. Don't sow too deep, take 3-4 cm as the degree. After sowing, the soil should be flush with the main surface. Then gently stabilize the soil and water it.
floor
Peony layering method is a method of propagation based on the principle that branches can produce adventitious roots. Branches are crushed or buried in the soil, and the soil remains moist. Technical branches take root in the buried place, and then they are cut and planted into new plants, which is also an asexual propagation method of peony. This method mainly includes: casing pots, raising soil and layering, and double leveling.