Commonly used crushers include jaw crusher, impact crusher, rotary crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher, hammer crusher and vertical shaft impact crusher.

Jaw crusher

It is a crusher that uses the squeezing and bending effects of two jaws on materials to coarsely or moderately crush materials with various hardness. Its crushing mechanism consists of a fixed jaw and a movable jaw. When the two jaws approach, the material is crushed, and when the two jaws leave, the material smaller than the discharge port is discharged from the bottom. Its crushing action is intermittent. The crusher has simple structure and reliable operation, and can crush hard materials, which is widely used in mineral processing, building materials, silicates, ceramics and other industries.

By the 1980s, the feeding particle size of a large jaw crusher crushing 800 tons of materials per hour has reached about 65,438+0,800 mm ... There are two kinds of jaw crushers in common use: double elbow plate and single elbow plate. The former only makes a simple arc swing when working, so it is also called a simple swing jaw crusher; The latter moves up and down while swinging in an arc, so it is also called compound pendulum jaw crusher.

In addition, in order to meet the requirements of different discharging granularity and compensate the wear of the jaw, the adjusting device of the discharging port is added, and an adjusting gasket or wedge iron is usually added between the elbow seat and the rear frame. However, in order to avoid affecting production due to the replacement of damaged parts, hydraulic devices can also be used to realize insurance and adjustment. Some jaw crushers also directly use hydraulic transmission to drive the movable jaw to complete the crushing action of materials. These two kinds of jaw crushers with hydraulic transmission devices are generally referred to as hydraulic jaw crushers.

Rotary crusher

It is a large crusher which uses the rotary motion of the crushing cone in the cone cavity in the shell to squeeze, split and bend the materials and coarsely crush minerals or rocks with various hardness. The upper end of the spindle with the crushing cone is supported in the bushing in the middle of the beam, and the lower end is placed in the eccentric hole of the shaft sleeve. When the shaft sleeve rotates, the crushing cone rotates eccentrically around the center line of the machine, and its crushing action is continuous, so the working efficiency is higher than that of the jaw crusher. By the early 1970s, the large gyratory crusher could handle 5000 tons of materials per hour, and the maximum feeding diameter could reach 2000 mm.

The gyratory crusher realizes the adjustment of the discharge port and overload insurance in two ways: one is to adopt a mechanical way, and the upper end of its main shaft is equipped with an adjusting nut. When the adjusting nut is rotated, the crushing cone can be lowered or raised, so that the discharge port becomes larger or smaller. In case of overload, safety can be realized by cutting off the safety pin on the transmission pulley; The second type is hydraulic gyratory crusher, whose main shaft is located on the plunger in the hydraulic cylinder. Changing the volume of hydraulic oil under the plunger can change the up and down position of the crushing cone, thus changing the size of the discharge port. When overloaded, the downward pressure of the spindle increases, forcing the hydraulic oil under the plunger to enter the accumulator in the hydraulic transmission system, so that the crushing cone descends to increase the discharge port and discharge non-crushing objects (iron, wood, etc.). ) with the material into the crushing cavity to achieve insurance.

Conical crusher

Its working principle is the same as that of rotary crusher, but it is only suitable for crushers with medium crushing or fine crushing operations. Generally speaking, the uniformity of discharged particle size in middle crushing and fine crushing operations is higher than that required in coarse crushing operations. Therefore, it is necessary to set a parallel zone at the lower part of the crushing cavity, and at the same time, it is necessary to speed up the rotation speed of the crushing cone, so that the materials can be squeezed in the parallel zone for many times.

The crushing of medium and fine crushing operation is greater than that of coarse crushing operation, so the loose volume after crushing is greatly increased. In order to prevent the crushing cavity from being blocked, it is necessary to increase the total discharge section by increasing the diameter of the lower part of the crushing cone without increasing the discharge port, so as to ensure the required discharge granularity.

The discharge port of cone crusher is small, and it is more likely to cause accidents when the non-crushed materials are mixed into the feed. Because the medium and fine crushing operation requires strict discharge granularity, the discharge port must be adjusted in time after the liner is worn, so the safety and adjustment device of the cone crusher is more necessary than the coarse crushing operation.

When Simon's spring safety cone crusher is overloaded, the conical shell forces the spring to compress and lift itself, thus expanding the discharge port and discharging the unbroken objects. The adjustment of the discharge port is carried out through the adjustment sleeve. Rotating the adjusting sleeve fixedly installed with the shell can drive the shell to rise or fall with the help of threads on the outer circle of the shell, thus changing the size of the discharge port. The insurance and adjustment methods of hydraulic cone crusher are the same as those of hydraulic rotary crusher.

roller mill

It is a machine that uses the friction of the roller surface to bite the material into the crushing area, so that it is squeezed or split and crushed. When it is used for coarse crushing or needs to improve the crushing ratio, teeth or grooves are often made on the roller surface to increase the splitting effect. Roller crushers are usually divided into single roller, double roller and multi-roller crushers according to the number of rollers, which are suitable for coarse crushing, medium crushing or fine crushing of coal, limestone, cement clinker and feldspar.

beater grinder

It is a crusher that uses the high-speed impact of a hammer to carry out medium crushing and fine crushing operations on materials. The hammer is hinged on the high-speed rotating rotor, and the lower part of the machine body is equipped with a grate to control the discharging granularity. The materials sent to the crusher are firstly crushed by the impact of a high-speed hammer, and at the same time, kinetic energy is obtained, and the crushing plate flying to the inner wall of the casing at high speed is crushed again. The material smaller than the grate gap is discharged from the machine, and the material larger than the grate gap is impacted and ground by the hammer again on the grate bar until it is smaller than the grate gap.

Hammer crusher has the advantages of large crushing ratio, uniform discharging particle size, less over-crushed materials and low energy consumption. However, due to the rapid wear of hammer head, its application in hard material crushing is limited; In addition, because the grate is afraid of blockage, it is not suitable for crushing materials and clay with high humidity. This crusher is usually used to crush brittle materials, such as limestone, shale, coal, gypsum, chalk and so on.

It is an improvement of the hammer crusher to replace the hammer head of the hammer crusher with a ring crusher with a steel ring. It uses the comprehensive action of high-speed impact and low-speed rolling to crush materials, so it can obtain finer products, which are mainly used to crush coal used in power plants, but can also be used to crush gypsum, salt chemical raw materials and some medium-hard materials.

Reaction crusher

It is a machine that uses the high-speed impact of the plate hammer and the rebound of the counter plate to break the material under repeated impact. The plate hammer is fixed on the high-speed rotating rotor, and a plurality of impact plates are arranged at different angles along the crushing cavity.

When the material enters the action area of the plate hammer, it is first impacted by the plate hammer, and it is broken for the first time. At the same time, it gains kinetic energy and rushes to the impact plate at high speed. After the material collides with the impact plate and breaks again, it is bounced back to the action area of the plate hammer and is impacted by the plate hammer again. Repeat this process until it is crushed into the required particle size and discharged from the machine.

Compared with the hammer crusher, the impact crusher has a larger crushing ratio and can make full use of the high-speed impact energy of the whole rotor. However, because the plate hammer is easy to wear, its application in crushing hard materials is also limited. Usually used for coarse crushing, medium crushing or fine crushing of brittle materials such as limestone, coal, calcium carbide, timely, dolomite, iron sulfide, gypsum and chemical raw materials.

Vertical shaft impact crusher (sand making machine);

This product is suitable for crushing and molding soft or medium hard and extremely hard materials, widely used in various ores, cement, refractories, bauxite clinker, emery, glass raw materials, machine-made building sand, stone and various metallurgical slag, especially for hard, extremely hard and wear-resistant materials such as silicon carbide, emery, sintered bauxite, meisha, etc., and its output efficiency is higher than other types of crushers.

Please adopt it.