(2) water. Maple leaves are big and water evaporates quickly. Water the ground frequently during the growing period, and sprinkle it frequently when the weather is hot to keep the microclimate moist. In winter, when maple trees enter dormancy, they should be watered less, as long as the soil in the basin is wet.
(3) fertilization. In spring, the rare organic liquid fertilizer should be applied once before the maple tree germinates and when the leaves are displayed, but it should not be applied in rainy days. From August to September, the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer should be applied once each. Don't fertilize during winter dormancy.
(4) plastic surgery. Maple trees have strong germination ability and often sprout new buds on the trunk. All buds and branches that are not needed for modeling should be cut off in time, which can not only preserve nutrition, but also be conducive to ventilation and light transmission. The best viewing period of maple is when New Ye Gang is released. If all the leaves are removed at the end of summer and the decomposed dilute liquid fertilizer is applied again, new leaves will grow in about 20 days, adding an optimal viewing period.
(5) pest control. Maple mainly has powdery mildew, moth, aphid and other diseases and insect pests, which should be prevented in time.
Extended data:
Maple is a tall tree with a height of over 29 meters and a crown width of 16 meters. The flowering period is April-May, and the fruiting period is 9-65438+1October. With the growth of tree age, the crown gradually opens and becomes round. Branches are brownish red to brown, with small holes, and winter branches are dark brown or gray. Maple leaves are colorful and unique in shape, which can be used to make bookmarks, specimens and so on. Autumn turns red, and when it falls to the ground, it turns crimson.
Maple belongs to the genus Aceraceae, which is the common name of Aceraceae. There are 199 species of Aceraceae in the world, which are distributed in Asia, Europe, North America and the northern edge of Africa. China is also the country with the largest species of Aceraceae in the world, with 157 species distributed all over the country, mainly in the Yangtze River basin and its southern provinces, and it is the modern distribution center of Aceraceae in the world. ? Many Acer plants are world-famous ornamental trees.
There are many kinds of maple trees, with many varieties and different habits. Therefore, in landscape application, reasonable cultivation should be adopted according to the suitable environment of each place. For example, red or yellow varieties with new leaves in spring should generally be planted in cool, humid and fertile places to avoid direct sunlight and make the leaves shrink; There should be plenty of sunshine if there are red leaves in autumn.
Maple trees grow well in sufficient sunlight and are suitable for all-shade and wet to dry and well-drained soil. The pH value of soil should be less than 7.0. Clay and acidic soil can be tolerated.
1 forest land selection
Afforestation sites should choose sunny or semi-sunny forest wasteland and sloping farmland with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage.
2 Soil preparation
Soil preparation directly affects the light, temperature, water, fertilizer and gas conditions required by afforestation seedlings, which is the key to improve the survival rate and growth of seedlings. Acer truncatum has strong adaptability, which can not only create a flaky and massive pure forest, but also be mixed with Platycladus orientalis, Pinus bungeana, Pinus tabulaeformis and Larix principis-rupprechtii. Therefore, from the aspects of soil and water conservation and full use of space, strip or hole soil preparation is adopted.
Generally, the gentle slope zone adopts strip soil preparation, and the bandwidth is about1m; ; The woodland with thin soil layer and large slope adopts soil preparation, with hole diameter 1500px and depth 1250px. Soil preparation for afforestation in spring is in March, and afforestation in autumn is better in July-August.
3 Seedling and afforestation density
The seedlings are selected from 1, 2-year-old seedlings with developed rooting lines or 4-5-year-old grafted seedlings. Acer truncatum has developed lateral branches and poor stem shape, so the planting density should not be too thin, and it is suitable to be about 333 plants/mu.
4 planting
It can be planted in early spring or late autumn and early winter, with spring as the best. Hole-shaped planting, before planting, cut off the broken roots, injured roots and excessively long roots to facilitate the healing of lateral roots. Planting should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of "three buries, two steps and one seedling". First of all, fill in the soil and bury the roots. When the soil is about 2/3, gently lift the seedlings to extend the roots of the seedlings, then bury the seedlings in layers and compact them to reach the depth required for planting. The planting depth is 2~75px above the rhizosphere. After planting, root water can be poured where conditions permit, so that the root system can be in close contact with the soil.
5 tending management
5. 1 Loosening and weeding
In order to promote the growth of seedlings, loosen the soil and weed twice a year during the young forest period. The 1 meeting was held in late April; The second time in early August, combined with weeding and loosening soil by 3~ 125px, tree holes were enlarged from planting holes to promote root growth.
5.2 Fertilization
Generally, quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer is applied 2~3 times a year from early May to early August, supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; In late September, winter fertilizer mainly organic fertilizer was applied in combination with deep tillage and soil improvement. In the adult fruit-bearing period and dormancy period, basal fertilizer is applied every year, and soil topdressing is carried out in the growing period, and sometimes topdressing can be carried out outside the roots. Every autumn, before the leaves turn red or yellow, the effect of base fertilizer is better, mainly farm manure and cake fertilizer, and compound fertilizer can also be added, which can be applied after deep ploughing in autumn and winter. Top dressing 3~4 times a year, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer; Topdressing outside the roots is carried out many times during the growing period.
5.3 Plastic dressing
Winter or summer is fine. Winter pruning is a pruning from the end of autumn to the next spring before germination, especially in early spring. The methods include short cutting, thinning, retraction and leveling. Summer pruning is pruning from germination to defoliation in autumn. The methods include sprouting, removing sprouting, removing core, taking branches and pulling branches.
5.4 Pest control
Common diseases are brown spot and powdery mildew. Spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800~ 1000 times at the onset, and spraying/kloc-0 every 1 0/5 days for 2~3 times. The main pests are yellow thorn moth and Anoplophora glabripennis. The control of yellow thorn moth is generally concentrated in late autumn to early spring, and the pupae are dug by digging the soil, or 50% triazophos emulsion 1000 times is sprayed in the early stage of larval occurrence.
To control Anoplophora glabripennis, the trunk larvae can be sprayed with 50% chlorpyrifos EC 150 times for eggs and larvae that have not yet eaten xylem. For severely damaged young trees, it is best to cut down from the base and burn them centrally, or inject 40% dimethoate EC 100~200 times into the hole, and then block the hole with soil.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-maple tree