1. Shishan style: The flowerpot commonly used in this bonsai is a "rectangular shallow pot". The bonsai mode is to place a small landscape stone next to the existing finished product, jungle or Youlong bonsai, so as to achieve the landscape effect of "the stone is close to the forest"!
2. Cliff style: The flowerpots commonly used in this bonsai are "square cylindrical deep pots". The bonsai mode is that the root system is partially exposed, and the trunk does not "grow vertically" but grows obliquely downward at 45 degrees.
3. Root-lifting type: The flowerpot commonly used in this bonsai is a "square cylindrical medium-deep pot". The bonsai mode is that some taproots are exposed to the air for a long time, and only capillary roots go deep into the soil to absorb nutrients.
4. Youlong style: The flowerpot commonly used in this kind of bonsai is a "rectangular shallow pot". The bonsai mode is that there is only one trunk, which is located in the middle of the flowerpot and bends upward in an "S" shape, and the lateral branches are equally distributed and trimmed into a "cloud".
5. Attached stone type: The flowerpots commonly used in this bonsai are "rectangular shallow pots". The bonsai mode is to insert a landscape stone in the middle of the original suspended root system on the basis of lifting the root bonsai, and with the thickening of the root system, the landscape effect of "root-wrapped stone" is finally formed.
6. Jungle style: The flowerpot commonly used in this bonsai is a "rectangular shallow basin". The bonsai mode is to plant a number of elm saplings in groups of three or five in a flowerpot, each tree is coiled and shaped separately, and the unified trunk grows upright, finally forming a landscape effect of "seeing the big from the small, and the forest is close at hand".
2. What are the criteria for selecting materials for bonsai in Yu Lang?
At present, the smallest Amur elm bonsai on the market has a thickness of 1 cm. The materials of this miniature landscape elm bonsai are all selected from seedlings planted in seedbeds 1 to 3 years. The elm bonsai with a diameter of less than 5 cm that we see in the market are all cultivated from this seedling. Elm bonsai with a diameter of more than 5 cm is rarely cultivated since childhood, because the modeling and management process is very long and the market demand is not great. Therefore, most of these bonsai materials are "wild". The natural elm seedlings are no different from our common elms, but the leaves look very small, and they have to be processed by bonsai masters in the later stage before they become the bonsai we see! The selection criteria of basic materials of bonsai are: odd, curved, curved, convex, concave, crooked, folded and exposed. The first seven items are the selection criteria for the trunk of Ulmus pumila, and the "exposure" at the back is whether the root system of Ulmus pumila is exposed. The thicker and straighter the trunk of elm, the more afraid the bonsai master is. The key is that the "lignification degree" is too high, and the modeling is particularly troublesome!
3. What is the "stem cutting" of elm bonsai?
Pruning and keeping stems is the most commonly used pruning method for all bonsai in the initial modeling process. The exquisite bonsai with thick trunk and exquisite lateral branches that we saw in the flower market were made by these bonsai masters year after year after year after repeated pruning, pruning, kneading and diligent production. The essence of cutting off branches and storing dry stems is to repeatedly "lightly cut and alternately trim" branches or trunks that affect the modeling of bonsai by accurately controlling the suitable pruning season, so that nutrients originally used for the growth of branches and leaves can repeatedly "flow back", and then the thickness of the bottom trunk can be increased, thus achieving the purpose of bonsai modeling. Elm is a deciduous tree in the north. If the big branches are cut and stored, the best time of the year is after the leaves fall in autumn and before the germination in the next year. From elm germination to autumn defoliation, twigs can be repeatedly trimmed!
Fourth, how to obtain a large number of "bent dry" materials of elm bonsai?
At present, the largest sales volume of Yu Lang bonsai in the market is "S-shaped" Youlong bonsai. In order to mass-produce this tree-shaped Yu Lang bonsai, the gardening company will go through the following process to cultivate the tree-shaped bonsai.
1. Seedling planting:
During the period from defoliation in winter to germination in spring, according to the plant spacing of 80 cm and row spacing 1 m, select 0.3-0.5 cm thick erect elm seedlings to plant in the plot with sunny lee and no water accumulation, water them after planting, and do not water them for 30 days.
2. Basic modeling:
In a year, the branches of elm trees are the softest from the time when they just germinate in spring to the time when their leaves are fully unfolded. A galvanized steel pipe with a length of 1 m and a thickness of 1 cm is deeply inserted next to each Ulmus pumila seedling and near the trunk. Then the original vertical branches are twisted into an S shape, and the horizontal branch spacing is 15cm. Because the seedlings are small, it is best to tie three layers at first. Later, as the trunk thickens, it will increase upward as needed. After two years of basic stereotypes, the prototype of "Youlong-style" bonsai was formed.
3. Continuous pruning:
In the case of bending branches, elm trees will have lateral branches all over the body. At this time, management should be particularly diligent, and the principle of pruning is: do not prune the treetops. A side branch is reserved in the bending "turning part" of each trunk, which can extend horizontally. All other lateral branches are pruned near the trunk to reduce nutrient consumption, and the retained lateral branches should be pruned repeatedly during the growth period to gradually cultivate "clouds".
4. Raw material pile on the basin:
When the garden grows to a diameter of about 1 cm and has a preliminary tree shape, it can be "potted". The best season for planting potted plants is 30 days before spring germination. The sap begins to flow, and the roots can heal quickly after pruning. If the diameter of the green pile is more than 5 cm, the capillary root must be cultivated in the "root controller" of pure river sand for one year before it can be directly planted in the bonsai basin. Because elm belongs to alkaline plants, the soil ratio is: 3 parts of river sand, 3 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of alkaline humus soil and organic fertilizer 1 part, which can be used after mixing and stirring.
5. Fine shearing of lateral branches:
After potted plants, the big branches rarely move in the daily "controlled pruning". The main pruning part is the "side branch cloud". From germination to defoliation, prune 2 to 3 cm every 5 cm. Such repeated pruning will make the shape of bonsai very delicate and beautiful. In the case of managing a large number of elm bonsai, gardening companies will use "flowers and trees" from time to time to delay the growth of branches, so as to prolong the viewing period and reduce the employment.
Summary: The climate adaptability of Yu Lang bonsai is very strong, and it can adapt from the hot south to the cold north! In daily home maintenance, because it is a strong positive plant, it must be placed in a place where it can be exposed to direct sunlight all year round, so as to raise it well. It is ok to put it indoors for 3 to 5 days in a short time. Over 10 days, a large number of yellow leaves and fallen leaves will appear at the bottom. As long as the bright light is given in time, it can still germinate. Daily watering can use rainwater, tap water, well water or river water that has been left for a long time. It doesn't matter if you water the tap water once or twice occasionally!