Based on the analysis of high-risk factors of microtia at home and abroad, from the maternal factors, acute diseases during pregnancy and acute infectious diseases (influenza) in the first three months of pregnancy are the risk factors of microtia. In addition, infection with rubella, mumps and other viruses may lead to fetal malformation. Chronic diseases during pregnancy, such as diabetes and hypertension, are also strongly correlated. It has been proved that some special drugs during pregnancy are the teratogenic factors of microtia, including isotretinoin, thalidomide and some immunosuppressants. Multiple births and late pregnancy are also high risk factors. In terms of paternal factors, fathers' drinking and smoking are closely related to the incidence of congenital microtia. In addition, high altitude is more risky than low altitude, and its relatively anoxic environment is not conducive to embryo development. There are also differences between different races and regions. In terms of genetic factors, the probability range of family clustering cases is 3-34%. Many scholars agree that the multifactorial genetic model of microtia includes dominant inheritance and recessive inheritance, and some families do not follow Mendel's genetic law, which is the mystery of microtia.
Recent studies have found that perinatal folic acid intake is a protective factor to effectively reduce the risk of illness, especially for non-obese women. Using three-dimensional ultrasound to diagnose fetal microtia can improve the diagnostic probability of fetal microtia to some extent, although there is a certain missed diagnosis rate.
Children with congenital microtia can undergo auricle reconstruction from about 5 years old.