(1): Distinguish the requirements for light:

1. Positive flowers: such as magnolia, rose, pomegranate, plum blossom, pansy and Scutellaria barbata;

2. Neutral flowers: the light requirements are not strict. Such as jasmine, osmanthus, osmanthus;

3. Negative flowers: such as asparagus, tortoise shell bamboo, green radish, rubber tree, bamboo shovel, dragon Bai Shu, etc.

⑵: According to the requirements of lighting, the time is divided into

1. Flowers with long sunshine time: the sunshine time is more than 12 hours every day, such as iris, aster and impatiens.

2. Sunshine flowers: such as carnations and roses. ;

3. Flowers with short sunshine: the sunshine must be less than 12 hours per day. Such as poinsettia, chrysanthemum and so on.

(3): Temperature

1. Cold-tolerant flowers: can tolerate the low temperature of about MINUS 20 degrees. Such as winter jasmine, begonia, elm leaf plum, Hosta, clove, day lily, wisteria and so on.

2. Semi-cold-tolerant flowers: can tolerate low temperature of about minus 5 degrees, such as tulips, roses, chrysanthemums, pomegranates and peonies.

3. Flowers that are not cold-tolerant: such as asparagus, Eupatorium odoratum, variable leaf wood, poinsettia, hibiscus, calla lily, Prynne and succulents.

⑷: The importance of water in flower cultivation.

1. Pay attention to water quality: according to the ratio of magnesium salt to calcium, hard water and soft water are divided, and it is better to water flowers with soft water. Rain is the most ideal, followed by river water and pond water.

Remember: don't use dishwashing water or water with washing powder. Let the tap water dry for a day before use, so that the chlorine in the water can be fully volatilized.

2. Pay attention to the water temperature: do not quench and heat.

3. Water quantity: more in spring, so water it in the afternoon; Water the feet sooner rather than later in summer; Less watering in autumn; In winter, according to the dry and wet conditions of the basin, water is poured every few days.

4. Watering attention: According to different seasons, different weather and plant preferences. In short, before watering, visually analyze the water shortage before watering.

5]: Pay attention to the soil not to harden when planting flowers;

1. Increase the application amount of organic fertilizer; 2. Appropriate sand mixing; 3. Drain water and loosen the soil.

[6]: Multi-purpose composting method for family flower cultivation

Use grass, fallen leaves, straw, etc. Add a proper amount of water, animal manure, human excrement and urine and a small amount of lime, pile them into a rectangle, bring them into the pit, cover them with soil and cook them for a certain period of time, which can not only kill insects and weeds, but also decompose organic components quickly.

(7) Topdressing

1. Topdressing outside the root;

2. Urea topdressing can also be used to spray urea water on leaves;

3. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, and can also make flowers large and colorful;

4. Iron deficiency yellow leaves, spraying ferrous sulfate is the best. Such as camellia, gardenia, smiling, etc. ;

5. Boron water can prevent falling flowers and buds, which is very beneficial to improve the quantity and quality of flowers;

6. Pay attention to the amount of topdressing: urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2%-0.3%, ferrous sulfate 0.3%-0.5%, boron 0.05%-0.1%;

7. Topdressing time is usually 8- 10 in the morning or evening. Don't neglect foliar spraying.

(8) Family flower pest control.

To prevent and control pests and diseases, we should master the principle of "prevention first", strengthen management, and pay attention to the maintenance work such as ventilation, light transmission, watering and fertilization.

Make flowers and trees grow sturdily and enhance their ability to resist pests and diseases.

Once pests and diseases are found, measures should be taken as soon as possible to achieve "early treatment, small treatment and treatment" to prevent their spread.

Examples of common flower diseases and insect pests are as follows:

1. pests

(1) Aphid is a blue-yellow bug that harms almost all flowers and trees. Between spring and summer, it is often concentrated on new buds or flower buds such as Chinese rose, pomegranate, oleander and chrysanthemum. Sucking juice with mouthparts will make the tender leaves curl and shrink, which will not only affect the growth and flowering, but also make the plants wither. Aphids can produce 20-30 generations a year, and eggs can survive the winter.

Control method: 40% dimethoate emulsion is sprayed with 3000 times (that is, 3 kg water 1 dimethoate emulsion); Or 25% phoxim emulsion 1000 times. In addition, there are two simple prevention methods: one is to soak the first 5 grams of cigarettes in 70-80 grams of water for 24 hours, rub them slightly, filter the residue with gauze, and then spray them; The second is to use 1: 200 washing powder water (soap water). In order to improve the effect, you can add a few drops of vegetable oil, stir it thoroughly, and spray it with a sprayer when there is no oil flower on the surface.

(2) Spiny moths, commonly known as spiny caterpillars and itchy peppers. This pest eats the leaves of Chinese rose, white orchid, peony, pomegranate, plum blossom, lotus flower and rose. When the damage is serious, the leaves of the whole potted flower are eaten up in less than a few days. Spiny moths lurk on the back of leaves and are often overlooked if they are not careful. It occurs twice a year, once in early June and late June, and overwinters after 10.

Control method: If there are few pests and the harm is light, the damaged leaves can be removed and burned. Spraying 90% crystal trichlorfon 1000- 1200 times (i.e. 1 kg water plus trichlorfon 1 g or more) or 50% fenthion emulsion for 500-800 times.

(3) Tetranychus urticae, also known as red spider. Rhododendron, rose, safflower, begonia, true cypress, kumquat, cactus and cypress are often harmed, among which Rhododendron and true cypress suffer the most. Tetranychus urticae is small and red, which is hard to see with naked eyes. I like to suck the juice on the back of the leaves. The injured leaves turn yellow, and many small white spots appear, which soon turn yellow and fall off. Tetranychus urticae has a strong reproductive ability, which can produce more than 10 generations a year, and often breeds in high temperature and low humidity environment.

Control methods: weeds and overwintering eggs in the basin. When the hazard occurs, 40% dimethoate emulsion 1000- 1500 times (i.e. 1 ~ 1.5g dimethoate is added to 1 kg water) or 40% dicofol emulsion is sprayed 2000 times.

(4) Long-horned beetles, also known as stem borers and heart borers. It often harms grapes, roses, azaleas, peaches, apricots and plums.

Prevention and cure: cut off the damaged trunk and catch it. Or use a knife to remove insect dung and sawdust, inject 1: 50 times omethoate from the hole, and then seal the hole with soil.

(5) Scarab, also known as white silkworm and mud silkworm. Its larvae, called grubs, have diverse feeding habits and are the main underground pests of many flowers.

Prevention and control methods: Deep ploughing in winter can promote the death of overwintering generation. 800- 1000 times of 50% marathon emulsion in active period; Protect natural enemies.

2. Illness

(1) Powdery mildew, also known as powdery mildew, harms Chinese rose, rose, Euonymus japonicus, kumquat and so on. It often harms the leaves, stems and flower stalks of flowers and trees. A layer of white powder appeared on the surface of the affected area, and the leaves withered when the condition was serious. This disease easily occurs in hot, humid and unventilated environments.

Prevention and control methods can be sprayed with drugs such as Tobuzin and carbendazim.

(2) White silk disease, which harms rose, jasmine, clivia, pomegranate, peach leaf coral, orchid, chrysanthemum and so on. At the onset, the stem base is brown rot, and the mycelium is spun silk-like, which is white at first and then turns yellow to brown. This disease mostly occurs in wet, rainy and hot summer.

Prevention and control methods: the pot soil should be disinfected, and at the same time, attention should be paid to ventilation, avoiding over-dense cultivation and pruning diseased branches. Spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times regularly before onset.

(3) Leaf spot, also known as black spot and brown spot. Harmful to rose, camellia, azalea, rose, chrysanthemum, etc. First, black spots appear in the middle of the leaves, and then the leaves turn yellow and fall off. Most of the reasons are sultry environment, poor ventilation and high humidity.

Prevention and treatment: pay attention to improving environmental conditions, and remove the damaged leaves and burn them at the early stage of the disease. It can be controlled by spraying 1% bordeaux mixture every 7 days and 4-5 times during the whole growth period.

Indoor foliage plant management calendar

Note: This month's calendar is based on Shanghai and Nanjing. How to raise flowers at home to prevent pests and diseases has been delayed for more than a month in the northern region.

5438+ 10 The temperature in June is cold and dry.

During the day, plants that like semi-shade and light will be placed on the south window sill to get enough light. At night, it should be placed at a distance of 1 m from the window sill, or it can be covered for heat preservation. Plants that like high temperature need to be covered with plastic film during the day or put in an incubator made of glass. If possible, artificial light sources can be used to supplement the light and increase the amount of light. In rooms with low room temperature, heating measures should be taken to prevent frostbite. Shade-tolerant plants are placed in the light, and dormant plants are placed in the dark. Water 1 time for more than 4 days, and do it when the soil is dry, white and hard: no fertilization or a small amount of potassium fertilizer. Wipe the leaves with a damp cloth to remove dust and moisturize. Cut off dead branches and yellow leaves in time.

February is cold and dry, with occasional warm weather.

Keep the light and temperature, such as 65438+ October. Even if there is warm weather occasionally, don't suddenly move outdoors to bask in the sun, or remove the insulation facilities, otherwise it will easily lead to frostbite. Controlling water and fertilizer is the same as that in June 5438+ 10. Cold-tolerant plants began to put pots, pour pots and change pots. For example, some bamboos, nandina domestica and so on. , should be carried out in the later period when the weather is warm. Cut cold-tolerant plants, such as Nandina domestica and Illicium verum. Plastic trimming is the same as that in June of 5438+ 10.

In March, the temperature began to rise, and the light intensity gradually increased, but there was still a cold current. Except some plants that like high temperature and moderate temperature continue to take anti-freezing measures, other plants can gradually remove insulation facilities to adapt to room temperature and have proper ventilation, but milk can not be moved outdoors immediately, so they can take turns to bask in the sun. Maintaining humidity, applying a small amount of fertilizer and increasing watering times are the conditions for plant germination, but the soil should not be too wet and maintain a certain air humidity. Sprinkle water on the leaves in a warm atmosphere at noon. Apply a small amount of total nutrient fertilizer or partial nitrogen phosphate fertilizer. Continue to cut down cold-tolerant plants such as Illicium verum, Euonymus fortunei, Cinnamomum cassia and trachelospermum. Propagation of Cinnamomum cassia by ramets. Most pots can be changed, combined with pot changing, root pruning, posture adjustment, base fertilizer application, plant propagation and so on.

In April, the temperature continued to rise, the sunshine was abundant, the rain began to increase, and most plants began to sprout.

Some plants that like high temperature still need heat preservation management. Most plants can fully receive sunlight and be properly ventilated. Plants that like light, as well as plants that are cold-resistant, can be exercised step by step and placed outdoors alternately to see the light and maintain a good appearance. All the pots can be topdressing except those that have just been put, poured or changed. Seeding seedlings and cutting seedlings have started to grow normally, and dilute fertilizer and water can also be applied. The number of watering increases, and when it is dry, it becomes wet. It is often sprayed on leaves to increase the humidity of the air. Continue to cut down cold-tolerant plants such as cinnamon and Euonymus fortunei. Calla lily and star anise gold plates will be sown later this month.

Continue to pay close attention to the work of filling, pouring and changing cans. As the plants germinate and spread their leaves, they should be picked and topped in time. Rubber tree, purple back jazz bed, etc. Lianas binding bracket.

In May, the temperature gradually increased, the sunshine was sufficient, the rain increased, and the plant growth began to accelerate.

First of all, do some shade-tolerant plants to avoid and shade, prevent sunburn and burns, and properly ventilate. The rest of the plants can fully accept the sun and promote the lush foliage. Topdressing can be carried out before watering, and the frequency and dosage should be increased appropriately, but the stem and leaf should be prevented from being polluted. After topdressing, water and spray the leaves in time. Watering is basically a day 1 time, both in the morning and evening, and the number of foliar spraying increases. Hardwood cuttings such as Japanese coral, alterniflora, Liriodendron chinense, Meconopsis prostrate and Illicium verum can be started in the second half of this month. Ten contributions, octagonal gold plate, calla lily, etc. Continue to collect seeds and sow. Red mulberry, Liriodendron, etc. Change the pot. In rainy days, sow seedlings thinly and fix them.

In June, the temperature rises, the humidity is high, the sunshine is strong, and plants grow rapidly. Cold-tolerant plants have also entered a long life cycle.

Do a good job in shading and sun protection of shade-tolerant and semi-shade-tolerant plants, and pay attention to indoor ventilation. Provide sufficient moisture, and pay attention to keep the air humidity in sunny and hot weather. The frequency and dosage of topdressing should be increased. Step up the hardwood cutting of hardwood, rubber tree, Illicium verum, Liriodendron chinense and Meconopsis prostrate. Do a good job of cutting stems and dividing plants for reproduction. Pay close attention to the pot change of a few plants such as Liriodendron chinense.

Pay attention to the prevention of pests and diseases this month. Because of the hot and humid weather, it is particularly easy to induce fungal diseases. Bordeaux mixture is sprayed 1 time every 7 7- 10/day. If pests and diseases are found, they should be isolated in time.

The climate in July is hot, and hot weather often occurs. Although the precipitation is large, it is mostly surface runoff, and the air humidity is low, which has a negative impact on plant growth. Mainly pay close attention to shading, water spraying, ventilation and cooling, humidification and other measures. Shade-tolerant, semi-shade-tolerant and light-tolerant plants should take different shade measures, and some light-loving plants should also shade at noon in hot and dry weather. Special attention should be paid to cutting seedlings and sowing. Strengthen ventilation measures. Water must be sufficient and timely, and it can be done twice a day in the morning and evening on dry days. Avoid watering at noon, and discharge a pot and increase the number of water sprays on the leaves and the ground to cool and moisturize. Top dressing should be thin, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and applied before watering. Summer sleeping plants control water and fertilizer. Spores of Cuiyuncao and ferns are mature and can be collected and spread at any time. Red mulberry and Liriodendron chinense can continue cutting propagation. Actively prevent and control pests and diseases. Same as in June.

The climate in August is hot and dry, and there is still extremely hot weather. In the latter part of the year, the temperature difference between day and night is large, which is beneficial to the growth of plants. Lighting and temperature management are the same as in July. Water and topdressing management is the same as in July.

In September, the temperature gradually drops, the temperature difference between day and night is large, and it is cool in the morning and evening, and most plants have the second growth peak.

Some semi-shade plants began to receive direct sunlight gradually. Light-loving plants can get enough light all day, but they still need ventilation. The amount of watering is still sufficient and the air humidity is maintained. The amount and frequency of topdressing are old, gradually increase the proportion of potassium fertilizer and reduce nitrogen fertilizer. Reineckea carnea and calla lily are propagated by the same plant. Proper shaping and pruning.

From June+10 in 5438, the climate became colder and the growth rate of plants began to slow down. In addition to shade-tolerant plants, other plants gradually receive full light. Plants that are not hardy have moved indoors. For plants with gradually weakened growth, water and fertilizer control began after applying 1 double fertilizer in the first half of the year. Normal growth of plants, water can not be too much, so as not to grow white, resulting in weakened cold tolerance, potassium is the main fertilizer. Hosta is propagated by equal roots. Ophiopogon japonicus and other available species are spread and propagated.

In June165438+1October, the temperature dropped obviously, and the first cold wave began to appear.

Most plants grow slowly, and a few plants gradually enter a dormant state. Except cold-tolerant plants, all other plants should be kept in the world. Take measures to block the gap between doors and windows to prevent cold air from coming at any time. Except for shade-tolerant plants, others can fully accept sunlight. Plants that like high temperature should take appropriate insulation measures according to the situation, and take heating measures when necessary. Most plants need to control water and cut off fertilizer to keep the soil properly dry. Collection, sowing and propagation of palm seeds. Trim at any time and keep a good posture. If the pruned branches are properly preserved, they can be used for cutting in the coming year.

The climate in 65438+February is cold and dry.

Check the cold protection measures at any time. If the indoor temperature is not enough, it should be strengthened in time: plants that like high temperature can be placed in an incubator made of plastic film or glass to improve the insulation effect. Most plants can fully accept sunlight, and when the sunlight is insufficient, artificial light sources are used to supplement the light. At night, the flowerpot should be placed at a distance of 1 m from the doors and windows, or it can be covered to keep out the cold. In winter, dormant plants are placed in the dark. Continue to control water and cut off fertilizer. Water for 3-4 days or longer 1 time, the water temperature should be equal to or slightly higher than the air temperature, and water at noon. In winter, dormant plant instruments can keep the soil at a certain humidity. Indoor heating often leads to low air humidity, so you can often wipe the leaves with a wet cloth to keep them moist and clean. Seeds of nandina domestica and other plants are stored or sown after collection.

1, pay attention to antifreeze and heat preservation.

Now that the housing conditions of residents have improved, the closed balcony is very conducive to potted flowers for the winter; If there is no closed balcony, potted plants should be indoors at night. Some potted plants that are particularly afraid of cold, such as tropical orchids, pineapples, poinsettias and Anthurium andraeanum, should have room temperature not lower than 10℃ at night.

Be careful not to water too much.

In winter, the evaporation of water is small, and the growth of flowers and plants is stagnant at low temperature, especially the root activity is reduced. Too much water makes the root system not breathe well, which is easy to cause the root system to get sick and even rot and die.

3. Be careful not to apply more nitrogen fertilizer.

In winter, the absorption capacity of flowers is not strong, and too much nitrogen fertilizer will hurt the roots; At the same time, applying more nitrogen fertilizer makes the branches and leaves tender, and the ability of cold resistance and disease resistance decreases, which is not conducive to overwintering.

4, pay attention to more sunshine

The light intensity is not high in winter, but flowers need more light to help photosynthesis produce organic nutrients and improve the cold resistance of plants. For some flowers that bloom in winter, it is also conducive to lush foliage and bigger and more beautiful flowers.

5, pay attention to disease prevention and insect prevention

Fungal diseases are common in winter, such as gray mold, root rot and epidemic disease. The reason is nothing more than the low temperature and the decline of plant cold resistance, so the key is to reduce humidity, let plants grow healthily and improve cold resistance, supplemented by chemical control. Insects are mainly used to control scale insects and aphids. .