Winter in Qinghai is suitable for potted grapevines. Available containers include clay pots, pottery pots, purple sand pots, wooden pots, plastic flower pots, etc., which can be selected according to conditions. Potted grapes can be grown in containers with a pot mouth diameter of about 20-25cm in the first year, and after 2-3 years, containers with a pot mouth diameter of 30-40cm can be used. It can be determined according to the production volume and site space.

Pot soil preparation

1. Pot soil requirements

It requires loose, fertile loam rich in organic matter and calcium. We can also use local materials according to the specific conditions of each place, and choose culture materials that have a wide range of sources, low cost, no pests and diseases, and no pollution. Commonly used materials include humus soil, peat soil, pastoral soil, sand and gravel, bone meal, expanded chicken manure, etc.

2. Pot soil preparation and disinfection

Commonly used formulas include ① 4 parts of leaf humus soil, 3 parts of garden soil, 3 parts of coarse sand, and 0.5 parts of bone meal; ② Pastoral soil 7 parts, 2 parts coarse sand (or slag), 1 part expanded chicken manure, 0.5 part bone meal. After the potting soil is prepared and mixed evenly, spray it evenly with 0.1% formalin solution (500 ml per cubic meter of potting soil). Then seal it with plastic film. After fumigation for a day and night, remove the film and dry it for 3-4 days before potting it for use.

Suitable varieties

Grape varieties available for potted cultivation include Kyoho, Jingya, Jingchao, Izujin, Black Aolin, Jingyu, Phoenix No. 51, and Dilawa , 8611, 8612, Zizhenxiang, American Black, Brown Seedless, Jingzaojing, etc. However, potted grapes should be mainly planted with weak varieties

Upper pot

After selecting the flower pot, it is best to soak it in 1% bleaching powder water for 5 minutes, take it out to dry and then put it into sterilized culture soil. The seedlings used for potted grapes can be cut directly in flower pots and cultivated into seedlings. When cutting, it is best to insert 2 cuttings in each pot for easy selection and keep the pot soil moist. You can also use 1-3 year old grape plants and transplant them with soil before they sprout. When transplanting, the branches and vines of the plant should be pruned heavily. Generally, 1-3 strong branches and vines should be left. In the year of transplanting, the focus is on restoring the tree's vigor, cultivating its shape, and laying a solid foundation without bearing fruit first.

Replace the soil

After the plant has grown in the pot for 1-2 years, the original container space can no longer meet the requirements for root growth and development, and the nutrients in the pot soil have gradually decreased. Therefore, the container needs to be changed from small to large or the potting soil needs to be replaced. This work is usually carried out at the end of the dormant period and before growth begins. When changing pots or changing soil, some dead roots should be cut off and watered immediately after changing to facilitate the plant's recovery.

Plastic shaping

Usually, there are two types of plastic surgery for potted grapes:

One-rod shape

Suitable for small and medium-sized potted plants. In those days, a bamboo pole or No. 8 wire was erected in the center of the pot, about 1m high. After the new shoots sprout, select a strong shoot as the main vine and tie it to the bamboo pole. Pick the top when it grows to 80-90cm. Except for the top one, leave 1-2 pieces for the rest. The leaves are topping repeatedly. When pruning in winter, mature and well-developed branches and vines can be cut back to 50cm. After germination in the second year, 3-5 strong new shoots should be left on the main vine, and the remaining buds should be wiped off in time. During winter pruning, 2-3 buds from each new shoot should be pruned as the mother branch for fruiting. After germination in the third year, 1-2 new shoots will be left on each mother branch that bears fruit, and they will be cut short every year thereafter.

Two-sector shape

In the winter of the year of planting, cut off the new shoots above 60cm and leave them as the main trunk. Cut off the fruiting mother branches to 1-3 buds in short time. In the third year, leave 1-2 fruiting branches on each fruiting mother branch for fruiting. The new shoots and ears will be evenly distributed on a plane, which will increase as the tree body grows. Large pots and enlarged fans.

Fertilization

The principle of fertilizing potted grapes is to apply it sparingly and frequently. Potted seedlings that have not yet produced fruit generally start with a seedling height of about 20cm (i.e. 6-7 leaves), and apply cake fertilizer and water once every 7-10 days until the end of September. For potted grapes that have produced fruit, it is best to apply once every 5 days to ensure fruit development. After the fruits are harvested, they are applied to potted seedlings. Pay attention to watering immediately after each application of liquid fertilizer. Foliar spraying of fertilizer can also be carried out. In the early growth period of potted grapes, 0.1%-0.3% urea solution can be sprayed 2-3 times; starting from the fruit expansion stage, 0.3% diphosphate can be sprayed every 7-10 days. Potassium hydrogen solution 3-4 times.

Watering

When watering, the water temperature should be close to the soil temperature. Watering before 10 a.m. and after 4 p.m. is better; the water quality should be good and the watering frequency should be high. Depending on the season, generally in early spring when the temperature is low, you can water once every 2-3 days. As the temperature increases and evaporation increases, you can water once every 1-2 days. In autumn, when the temperature gradually decreases, the frequency of watering increases. Gradually reduce the amount, and the pot soil should be moist.

Disease control

Potted grapes have fewer insect pests, and the focus is on diseases. Common diseases include downy mildew, white rot, anthracnose, black pox, etc.

You can spray 3-5 Baume degrees lime sulfur mixture during the dormant period of grapes. After germination, spray 1:0.5:200 Bordeaux mixture or 500 times compound multi-bacteria once every 10-15 days. The spirit solution can prevent and cure common diseases.