Pruning methods of bonsai
1. Unbalanced pruning. That is, it is not a comprehensive pruning, but a local pruning method based on the physiological characteristics of plants, which is beneficial to modeling and healthy growth of branches and avoids pathological branch shrinkage. It includes cutting and controlling branches.
(1) drawing and shearing. Generally, when the new blank survives, the extra branches are cut off without reservation, so that the left branches can get ventilation and light, and at the same time, the supply of nutrients is concentrated, the branches grow rapidly and healthily, and the storage time of the branches is shortened.
(2) controlling branches. Generally, in the initial stage of branch support and modeling, due to the positive orientation of plants, apical advantages and other reasons, the growth of branches is often out of sync, and the growth rate is fast and slow. In order to make the weak branches develop and grow as soon as possible, we must consciously control the tail-beating (cutting off most of the branches or side branches) of some branches that are relatively in place, so that the weak branches can get sufficient light nutrients, so as to avoid the immature individual branches from affecting the pruning of the overall shape. The function of controlling branches can also be extended to the thinning of branches and the making of specific shapes, which is an effective method to adjust the balanced growth of branches.
2. Balanced pruning. That is, all-round pruning, usually before the pot tree is close to forming or exhibiting. At this time, it can be pruned comprehensively and repeatedly, which not only makes the branches mature and plump, but also keeps the tree beautiful.
3. Pruning with leaves. With leaves means that the branches left by cutting must have leaves, especially when the bud position of a branch is determined to have leaves. If there are no leaves, the branch will be postponed to the place with leaves (two or three pieces are enough) for cutting. By forcing buds, after the remaining buds are normally sprouted, they are cut back in place. This is due to the physiological characteristics of plants and the conduction of sap contained in them. Therefore, in general, if lopsided pruning is carried out, leaves must be brought, otherwise, it may cause the cutting mouth to shrink and even the phenomenon of dead branches (generally, it is a comprehensive pruning without leaves, or a comprehensive leaf-picking pruning, as well as winter pruning of deciduous miscellaneous trees).
4. Reserve pruning. According to the difference of tree species' callus ability and special conditions, we should reserve it in order to prevent it, that is, we should cut it twice instead of once, and leave one or two more buds, and then prune it after the remaining buds become strong, or when the reserved nodes wither naturally. For example, Bromus, Pu Shu and others often use this method in pruning. In concrete implementation, the thick branches have large wounds and are easy to shrink, so they can be reserved for a long time, and the degree of twig atrophy is relatively small.
Pruning points of bonsai
1. Pruning time
1. Miscellaneous bonsai can be pruned all year round; Pines and cypresses should be pruned in dormant season.
2. In the rainy season, there is much rain, and the air humidity is high. Trees grow vigorously, so they should be cut less or not cut again. Cutting off a large number of branches and leaves will affect the normal growth and even lead to death.
3. Don't cut again or forcefully near the end of autumn. After heavy and intense cutting, new buds will sprout one after another, and the buds will freeze to death when the cold current comes. (The best time for heavy shearing and strong shearing is 1? Trees are dormant in February; However, some tree species that are not hardy should not be pruned in winter, because the wound is difficult to heal and it is easy to leave scars.
4. Generally speaking, trees with strong growth and vigorous growth can be cut more, while those with weak growth can be cut less. In order to meet the needs of trees modeling, it is usually necessary to cut off messy cross branches, overlapping branches, parallel branches, whorled branches, opposite branches, thin branches and diseased branches. The nutrients left in the branches are concentrated, and they can grow sturdily.
second, the pruning method
the end face of the cutting mouth should avoid the big face as much as possible, and the tangent angle to the branch is 45 degrees, and the leaf bud stays in the upper direction of the oblique mouth. In the growing period, it can be trimmed near the leaf buds, which is beneficial to wound healing. In non-growth period, it can be pruned at the upper end of leaf buds.
1. Fixed cutting
Fixed cutting is the positioning cutting, which means that the bonsai shape is trimmed for the first time, and the branches in different positions are determined to be kept and the redundant branches are cut off. After the stumps excavated in Shan Ye are cultivated and survived, many branches germinate. Most of the branches must be cut off and the backbone branches needed for modeling are reserved, which is called positioning shears. After positioning shears, the number and position of branches and the mutual distance between branches are determined, which directly affects the morphological beauty of tree bonsai. Therefore, before pruning, we should carefully consider the form of trees modeling, the so-called? Intentional pen first? At the same time, do it? Have answers? , can be cut. Because the choice of branches depends on the establishment of tree landscape form. The reserved branches should grow healthily, and the thickness should be coordinated from top to bottom, avoiding parallelism, symmetry and overlap as far as possible, so as to be dense and spread around the trunk, with dynamic potential.
2. Shrinking
Shrinking is a pruning method to shorten branches, and it is also an important measure for trees modeling and tree landscape maintenance. From the modeling point of view, the trees are dwarfed, the branches are plump, the thickness is moderate from top to bottom, and the bending is changed. Therefore, three points should be paid attention to in modeling:
1) The proportion of the thickness transition between the pruned branches and the upper branches is appropriate;
2) When cutting, keep the direction and angle of bud eye to adjust the space position of new branches reasonably;
3) The pruning nodes should be short rather than long. The first node is longer than the second node, and the second node is longer than the third node. In terms of maintaining the tree landscape, most of the formed leafy bonsai need to be shrunk and cut out in the growing season every year to maintain the beautiful posture.
The molded bonsai of pine and cypress mainly relies on bud picking and coring to control the extra-long branches and maintain the original appearance. However, different pruning methods should be adopted according to the different growth habits of bonsai for viewing flowers and fruits. For example, Lagerstroemia indica, pomegranate, begonia, etc. bloom and bear fruit on the newly-picked branches in the same year, which can be shrunk during dormancy, but not during growth. Yingchun, Plum Blossom and Peach, which bloom in early spring, should be pruned after flowering, which can promote the formation of fruit branches in the following year.
Woody bonsai can be shrunk and cut twice in early summer and early autumn, and it will be strongly cut during dormancy to remove all kinds of taboo branches. There are many flowers and fruits on the short branches of Pyracantha fortunei and Ilex cornuta. In addition to strong pruning during dormancy, the long branches of the same year can also be shrunk in late spring and early summer, and thin fertilizer can be applied frequently to increase the light, so as to promote them to produce short branches in summer and autumn and increase the amount of flowers and fruits. Strong pruning in dormancy period should keep short branches properly to ensure the flowers and fruits in the next year.
Third, carving
In the production of tree bonsai, it is often necessary to use carving to express a kind of incomplete beauty, that is, the so-called dry type and dead tip type (also known as relic stem and divine branch). This kind of incomplete beauty is not that the trunk is empty, the wood decays and falls off, and it is terminally ill, but that the carved trunk and branches are like iron bones, knocking soundly, rotten as iron and rotten as steel; Although it is made by people, it is like nature, and it has a shocking artistic charm. Bonsai artists in Japan and Taiwan Province, China often make sarira stems and sacred branches out of real cypress, juniper and five-needled pine, and concentrate the landscape of trees in nature in the reach of bonsai, showing high artistic attainments. The xylem of carved tree species should be compact, hard, resistant to decay, not suitable for aging and peeling, and kept for a long time.
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