Seedling raising technology
Osmanthus fragrans generally adopts cutting seedling, and single-dried Osmanthus fragrans mostly adopts sowing seedling:
1. Osmanthus fragrans blooms from September to June, and the fruit matures from late March to late April of the following year. When the fruit enters maturity and the peel gradually changes from green to purple-black, it can be harvested. The collected fruits are piled and retted for about 3 days. After the peel becomes soft, wash it with water, remove the peel and pulp to get clean seeds, dry them a little, and moisten them with sand. Because osmanthus seeds have a post-ripening period, wet sofa buds usually take 8 months.
2. Seeding and seedling raising methods are commonly used. A large number of osmanthus seedlings can be obtained by sowing and seedling raising, which is suitable for street trees. Sowing is usually carried out in wide rows, with a row spacing of 20 to 25 cm and a width of 65,438+00 to 65,438+02 cm. Sow 20 Jin per mu, and there are 25,000 to 30,000 osmanthus seedlings per mu. Before sowing, the umbilical cord should be oriented to one side, covered with one or two centimeters of fine soil, covered with a thin layer of straw, and sprayed with water until the soil is soaked to prevent soil hardening and reduce water evaporation. After the seeds germinate, uncover the grass cover in time and put the grass between rows, which can not only keep the soil moist, but also prevent the weeds from growing.
Cultivation history
Osmanthus fragrans has a long history of cultivation in China. The earliest reference to osmanthus fragrans in the literature is the Mountain and Sea Classic Nanshan Scene in the Old Warring States Period (475 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC), which means "Fragrant osmanthus fragrans all over the mountain". Qu Yuan (340-278 BC)' s "Nine Songs of the Chu Dynasty" also includes: "Help Beidou to drink osmanthus pulp, and Xinyi car is a laurel flag". From the Han Dynasty to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Osmanthus fragrans has become a valuable flower and exquisite tribute. In the early Han dynasty, it was introduced into the palace clamp garden and was successful. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, osmanthus planting has become popular. In the Tang Dynasty, it was very common for literati to plant osmanthus, and chanting osmanthus became a common practice. There is a famous sentence in the poem Lingyin Temple in Song Dynasty, "In the middle of the moon, the osmanthus leaves are fragrant", so later generations also call it "fragrant". After Tang and Song Dynasties, Osmanthus fragrans was widely used for garden cultivation and appreciation. In the poem Osmanthus fragrans written by Ni Zan in the Yuan Dynasty, there is a phrase that "the leaves of osmanthus fragrans are dusk, and the light and shadow in autumn are dim", which shows the situation of planting Osmanthus fragrans in front of the window. Folk cultivation of osmanthus fragrans began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the early Ming Dynasty. Five osmanthus producing areas in the history of China were all formed here. Osmanthus fragrans from China was introduced to Britain through Guangzhou and India in 177 1, and has developed rapidly in Britain since then. Now it is cultivated in many countries in Europe, America and Southeast Asia, especially in Mediterranean countries.
Culture and propagation
Yingui Group-Kowloon Gui
When 65438+ 10 is sown in autumn in the same year or in spring in the next year, the initial flowering period of seedlings is late, so it is difficult to maintain the original characteristics of varieties. Layered propagation is used to propagate improved varieties. Grafting propagation is a common method. Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum lucidum, small wax, water wax, tassel and ash tree are used as rootstocks for grafting or cutting. Cutting propagation is mostly carried out from mid-June to late August. Transplanting is often carried out after flowering in autumn or spring, and it can also be transplanted in rainy season. Large seedlings need soil balls, and more base fertilizer should be applied to planting holes. Potted osmanthus can be placed in the courtyard sunshine in summer without shading, and it can be safely wintered indoors in winter. Pests and diseases include Fusarium wilt, dead branch disease, Osmanthus fragrans, citrus whitefly, grasshopper and so on.
Osmanthus fragrans-key points of conservation
1, intertillage weeding. Tree tray with trunk as the center and diameter of 1 m, with emphasis on loosening soil and weeding. After irrigation or rainfall, intertillage and loosen the soil to prevent the soil from hardening.
2. Water and drain. Osmanthus fragrans is mainly watered within one month after new planting and in the summer of the same year. Newly planted osmanthus fragrans must be watered and permeable, and the canopy of the plant should be sprayed with water conditionally to maintain a certain air humidity. Osmanthus fragrans is not tolerant to waterlogging, so timely drainage or transplanting waterlogged plants, combined with certain sand planting, can promote the growth of new roots.
3. Rational fertilization. Fertilization should be based on the principle of thin fertilizer and diligent application, with quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the main fertilizer, and medium and large seedlings should be fertilized three or four times a year. In early spring, apply organic fertilizer to the tree tray to promote the growth of spring shoots. Inorganic fertilizer or garbage miscellaneous fertilizer should be applied in early winter. In the meantime, fertilization can be applied once or twice according to the growth of osmanthus fragrans. Newly transplanted osmanthus fragrans should not be topdressed too early. The base fertilizer of the transplanting pit should be mixed with soil before covering it.
4, plastic trimming.
(1) Bud peeling: During germination, the useless buds at the lower part of the trunk are peeled off.
(2) Thinning branches: keep a certain branch height and cut off useless branches. Generally, the branch height of osmanthus fragrans after completion is about 1.5 meters.
(3) Short cutting: Cut off the top branches that are growing too vigorously to keep the height of osmanthus fragrans at about 3.5 meters and the crown width at 2.5 ~ 3 meters.