Pruning is a means to improve light conditions, adjust nutrient distribution, transform branch composition, and promote or control growth and development according to the needs of growth results. Only through reasonable pruning can the purpose of plastic surgery be achieved, and pruning is carried out on the basis of determining a certain tree shape. So plastic surgery and pruning are closely linked.
The significance of peach tree pruning is mainly manifested in the following aspects:
(1) Cultivate a reasonable tree shape and tree structure.
Through pruning in the young tree period, a reasonable tree with large effective photosynthetic area and high yield can be cultivated in a limited space. It can make the tree shorter, the branches arranged reasonably, and the fruit three-dimensional, avoid the outward migration of the fruit part and the crown deviation, and is also beneficial to cultivation management, such as spraying pesticides and fruit harvesting. If you don't prune after planting and let it grow, the tree will be tall and the branches will be closed. After a long time, the tree will bear fruit on the plane and the yield will be low (Table 20).
Table 20 Comparison Table of Peach Tree Yield before and after Pruning
(2) Control the flourishing growth of peach trees and promote the early fruiting of peach trees.
Young peach trees are mainly vegetative, with upright branches and vigorous growth. Through reasonable pruning, such as pruning and coring, the tree vigor can be alleviated, the number of branches can be increased, and the high-yield structure can be easily formed quickly, and the high-yield period can be entered early.
(3) To mediate the contradiction between growth and fruit, and improve the yield and fruit quality.
The growth and fruit of peach branches are contradictory and unified. The growth of new shoots provides the necessary material basis for fruit setting and fruit development, but excessive growth of new shoots will aggravate fruit drop and inhibit fruit development; Too weak growth of new shoots and too many fruit sets will hinder the development of fruits, resulting in small fruits and poor quality. Therefore, the main task of pruning is to coordinate the relationship between new shoot growth, fruit setting and fruit development.
(4) improving fruit quality
Peach trees are extremely sensitive to light, so light is an important factor affecting yield and fruit quality. The tree has good lighting conditions, large fruit, bright color, high sugar content, strong fragrance, high hardness and good quality. Therefore, summer pruning during fruit coloring is very important.
(5) Prevent trees from aging and prolong economic life.
Peach tree is a multi-flowered tree with high fruit setting rate. If it is not pruned, it will lead to excessive fruit setting, seriously weaken the tree vigor, prone to gummosis and various physiological diseases, and even aggravate the occurrence of pests and diseases, and even death.