catalogue
Metasequoia glyptostroboides planting method
Planting techniques of Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Cultivation method of Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Metasequoia glyptostroboides planting method
Morphological characteristics and ecological habits
Metasequoia glyptostroboides can be as high as 30 meters, the crown of young trees is in the shape of a steeple, and the old trees are in the shape of a wide round head. Bark grayish brown, roughly whorled, with opposite branchlets. The leaves are alternately opposite, and the leaf base is twisted into two rows, which are pinnate, strip-shaped and flat, and the length is 1cm ~ 4cm. Monoecious, unisexual. Cones are nearly spherical, 2 cm to 3 cm long, dark brown when mature, drooping, flat seeds, obovate and narrow wings.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides is a positive tree, but it grows poorly when planted in the shade of buildings. Cold-tolerant, safe wintering in Beijing and South China. I like deep and fertile sandy loam, which can grow normally on plain sandy soil, but I don't like clay. It has certain saline-alkali tolerance and can grow normally in mild saline-alkali soil with ph8.7 and salt content of 0.2%. I like humidity, but I don't like waterlogging and I don't like drought. It has strong resistance to toxic and harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide and chlorine.
Water and fertilizer management Metasequoia glyptostroboides likes humid environment but is not resistant to stagnant water, so water management is particularly important.
For newly transplanted Metasequoia glyptostroboides, it is advisable to keep most of the soil moisture, not too dry or too wet. When transplanting, water should be watered for the first three times, and then once a month. You can water less or improperly in rainy season, and water frozen water in late autumn.
In the early spring of the following year, the thawed water should be watered in time, and then once a month. After the heavy rain, the accumulated water in the tree hole should be removed in time to prevent the roots from rotting. In the third year, you can water it according to the method of the second year. From the fourth year, only thawed water and frozen water need to be poured every year, and if it is not too dry in other seasons, the precipitation will naturally increase. For newly transplanted seedlings, in addition to normal watering, foliar spraying can be carried out when conditions permit, which is beneficial to plant seedling delay.
Metasequoia glyptostroboides likes fertilizer, and foot manure should be applied when transplanting, which can be dried chicken manure, cow manure or sheep manure, but all of them should be decomposed and fermented. The base fertilizer should be evenly mixed with the cultivated soil. In the late autumn of the planting year, you can apply some rotten leaf fertilizer or cow and horse manure lightly. Urea is applied once in the early spring of the following year, ternary compound fertilizer is applied once in the middle and late June, and no chemical fertilizer is applied in the autumn. Fertilization can also be carried out in early winter as in the first year. Urea can be applied once a year in early spring from the third year.
The common disease of Metasequoia glyptostroboides is damping-off, which mainly occurs at seedling stage. Red-brown amorphous or oval lesions appeared on the main roots and basal stems of the damaged seedlings. At the beginning of the disease, the stems and leaves of the diseased seedlings wilted during the day and recovered at night and early morning. The lesion continued to spread around and gradually depressed. Finally, around the stem 1 week, the stem base turned brown and rotted. Part of xylem is exposed, cortex is cracked and ulcerated, and finally the diseased plant shrinks and dries up, and the plant dies, but it still stands erect, so it is called damping-off disease.
Under wet conditions, light brown spider silk mycelium can be seen in the affected area and its nearby topsoil, which is not significant and forms granular sclerotia in the later stage. There is no obvious white cotton fungus in the affected area, which can be distinguished from cataplexy.
The prevention and control of cataplexy should start from feeding. First, we should choose places with high terrain, good drainage, convenient water sources and shelter from the wind and sun. Secondly, it is necessary to strengthen the management of seedbed, choose fertile, loose and disease-free new bed soil, and if old bed soil is used, it must be disinfected. Fertilizer should be fully decomposed and applied evenly. According to the soil humidity and weather conditions, when watering is needed, it should not be too much at a time, and it is advisable to water in the morning. When the bed soil is wet, sprinkle fine soil to reduce the humidity. Do a good job of heat preservation of seedbed, and at the same time, it is necessary to have more light and proper ventilation.
In case of damping-off, 600 times dilution of 65% chlorothalonil wettable powder, 500 times dilution of 60% mancozeb wettable powder or 62.2% propamocarb aqueous solution can be sprayed. Spraying medicine once a week and continuously for two or three times can effectively control the disease.
The common pests of Metasequoia glyptostroboides are grubs, marsupials and pine oak caterpillars. In case of grubs, 3% methyl isofenphos granules, 3% weibutan granules and 5% phoxim granules can be used to treat the soil with 2.5 kg to 3 kg per mu. If there are marsupials, the male adults can be trapped and killed by light, and the larvae can be killed by spraying 3000 times of 1.8% iverdin solution. If pine oak caterpillar occurs, it can be trapped and killed by light, and it can be killed by spraying 3% hypertonic phenoxy EC 3000 times in its larval stage.
Pruning and shaping the crown of Metasequoia glyptostroboides can naturally grow into cones, so try to keep the natural tree shape when cultivating. Care should be taken to protect the branches at the base of the trunk at seedling stage, so as not to form bare legs. In the seedling stage, the branches that are too dense can be thinned according to the tree shape, and some long branches can be shortened to prevent disturbing the tree shape. In addition, the branches of pests and diseases should be drained in time.
Propagation method Metasequoia glyptostroboides can be propagated by sowing and cutting. Because cutting is simple and easy, a large number of seedlings can be obtained at one time, so cutting is often used for propagation.
Cutting is mainly in spring. The mother plant is preferably a sowing seedling, and the seedling age is 3 ~ 5 years. You can choose annual branches as cuttings. The length of cuttings is from 10 cm to 12 cm, and the lower cuttings are horseshoe-shaped to bind 10 branches. Abt rooting agent can be dipped quickly before cutting, which can effectively promote cutting rooting. The row spacing of cuttings is 50 cm× 50 cm, water is sprayed in time after cuttings, and then the shed is buckled. After entering the beginning of May, we should set up a sunshade net to prevent it from seeing the strong light at noon. The plastic shed can be dismantled in late May and sprayed three times a day in the morning, noon and evening. In mid-July, topdressing ternary compound fertilizer once. Spray cow manure 10 cm thick at the end of autumn, then spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder with 1000 times solution once, and then fasten the shed for cold protection.
Transplanting after germination in early April of the following year, with row spacing of 80 cm× 80 cm. During the management period, pay attention to weed eradication, and loosen the soil to conserve moisture after irrigation. Transplanting in the third year, plant spacing 150 cm × 150 cm. You can leave the nursery in the fourth year.
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Planting techniques of Metasequoia glyptostroboides
I. Overview:
It is an ancient and rare tree species, known as a "living fossil" and a national key protected plant. 194 1 year, China botanists first discovered it in Wanxian County, Sichuan Province and Lichuan, Hubei Province, which caused a shock in the world botany community.
Second, the ecological characteristics:
Originated in China. I like a warm, humid and sunny environment. Strong adaptability, cold tolerance, intolerance to shade, water and humidity, intolerance to drought and barrenness. The optimum growth temperature is 15 ~ 20℃, which can withstand low temperature of -30℃ in winter and high temperature of 46℃ in summer. The soil is slightly acidic sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil, good drainage and strong resistance to saline-alkali soil.
Third, reproductive skills:
1. Sowing: Only 30-year-old plants can bear fruit, and 40-60-year-old plants enter the peak of bearing fruit. It is suitable for sowing in March in spring, the optimum temperature for germination is 12 ~ 20℃, and the germination rate is 8% ~ 15% five days after sowing. The height of seedlings in that year can reach more than 40 cm.
2. Cuttings: hardwood and softwood cuttings are usually used. It is best to cut the whole branches of 1 ~ 5 years old seedlings as cuttings, and the survival rate is the highest. Hardwood cutting is carried out in February-March, after defoliation, cutting, bundling and sand storage are carried out for wintering, and the seedbed is inserted in the spring of the following year, and water is sprayed, and roots are born in 30-40 days. Softwood cuttings were carried out from May to June, and semi-lignified branches were selected, which were 12 ~ 15 cm long and took root 20 ~ 25 days after cuttings.
Four, training points:
When transplanting seedlings, small seedlings should bring more soil, and big seedlings should bring soil balls. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before planting, and water should be poured after planting. Keep the soil moist during the growing period. After sowing for two years, apply fertilizer 1 time before germination in spring and 1 time in early summer and autumn. Prune properly at seedling stage and straighten with fine bamboo.
Five, pest control:
The main hazards are damping-off and dry rot, which can be sprayed with 200 units of agricultural streptomycin powder 1000 times. Pests do great harm to moths and white nematodes, and 0.5% avermectin EC 1500 times can be sprayed.
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Cultivation method of Metasequoia glyptostroboides
Breeding and cultivation
Cutting essentials of Metasequoia glyptostroboides cutting seedlings The cutting time of Metasequoia glyptostroboides hard branches ends from the middle and late March to the early April. After finishing the surface processing,
Cutting at the water's edge mainly depends on cutting pulp. Two thirds of the cuttings are inserted into the soil, and 1/3 is exposed to the ground. Fill the bed with water after insertion. A week later, due to cutting, soil hardening or cracking will occur between the rows of seedbeds, so it is necessary to intertillage 1 ~ 2 times in time, and then cover the cutting rows with straw, with about 300 kilograms of grass per mu, in order to keep moisture and improve the ground temperature and promote the rooting of its leaves.
breeding method
Sowing and cutting propagation. The seeds of Metasequoia glyptostroboides mostly shrink, especially the seeds of Metasequoia glyptostroboides under 30 years old, which are often propagated by cutting. Both hard branches and tender branches can be used for cutting propagation, and the lateral branches of one-year-old seedlings should be used for cutting in spring before the trees germinate. Softwood cutting is carried out from June to July. The cutting site should be kept as moist and ventilated as possible.
Cultivation management
When planting, use it to plant. If long-distance transportation is needed, before planting, the roots of seedlings should be soaked in water to absorb enough water and promote survival. Dig a big pit before planting, apply base fertilizer, and don't hurt the roots. After planting, it should be fully irrigated and watered thoroughly. Topdressing can be used in the growth period and pruning can be done properly in the seedling stage. Don't prune after 4 ~ 5 years, so as not to destroy the tree. Use mud to plant small seedlings, and use soil balls to plant large seedlings. The survival rate of planting in spring is high. Resistant to pruning, can be cut into balls and can be used as hedges.
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