You want to make it with meat, right? That needs peeling, filling, shaping and fixing.
I found some information for you, hoping to help you:
After receiving the animal carcasses, take out the internal organs, fill them with fillers, and then treat them with chemicals. Then put the pets on a wooden chassis and put them into a freeze dryer.
Freeze-drying At the temperature of Fahrenheit 12 degrees, the air in the freeze-drying machine is sucked out by the air pump to make it in a vacuum state, and the ice in the animal body will gradually become water droplets and seep out until the whole pet is dry. Whole stem
Depending on the size of the pet, the drying process takes different time. Small pets only need two months, and older pets need six months. Finally, it is decorated, such as spraying some red on the tongue to make it look more beautiful.
Like living, tidying up your fur and so on. When all the procedures are completed, a perfect pet specimen is ready, almost to the point of confusing the real with the fake.
And the production process:
Small mammals can be divided into fake specimens for scientific research and ecological specimens for teaching and exhibition.
① Pseudodissection specimen (taking rats as an example)
fruit peel
will
The mouse corpse was placed on the dissecting disc and plastic cloth, and the front of anus was placed along the middle of abdomen with a scalpel.
Cut the skin from the back of the sternum, and don't use too much force during the operation, so as not to cut the abdominal cavity and pollute the fur. Then use the back of the knife or tweezers to separate the skin and muscles connected with the incision, and push the hind limbs to the incision respectively.
Out, cut off the knee joint to remove the muscles on the calf, peel off the muscles around the back, then cut off the joint of genitals, rectum and skin, clean up the connective tissue around the caudal base, hold the caudal base with your left hand and hold it with your right hand.
The coccyx is slowly pulled up.
, until it is completely pulled out, continue to peel it to the forelimb and elbow joint, remove the muscle and peel it to the head, use a scalpel to cling to the skull to the ear, and when cutting or cutting off the ear root to the eye, you can see a thin layer of white omentum.
After the heart cuts the lower end of the omentum, the eyeball is exposed. When peeling off the upper and lower lips, first cut off the cartilage at the tip of the nose, and then peel off the lower lip with a scalpel. At this time, the skin and the body have been separated, and the fat in the skin and the muscles attached to the skin have been removed.
Apply antiseptic evenly, wrap a little cotton around the bones of the limbs to replace the original muscles, and then turn the skin of the mouse over to form a straight tube with the skin facing outwards.
fill up
Cutting 1 root is slightly better than the original coccyx.
Insert a thin, even and smooth bamboo pseudococcyx or a pseudotail made of lead wire tightly wrapped with cotton into the tail end of rats. The pseudotail is longer than the original tail, reaching 1/2 of the abdominal orifice, so that the tail can be fixed with one hand.
Ba, it can also support the whole body. Then, the fluffy cotton is kneaded into a shape that is thin at the front and thick at the back, the front end of the cotton is clamped with big tweezers, and then it is tightly inserted into the head from the opening, and then the fluffy cotton is properly filled in the insufficient parts of limbs and trunk.
At this point, the cut coccyx should be close to the cotton in the abdomen, so that the coccyx does not become warped. When sewing the incision, the specimen should be put straight and the needle should be sewn from the inside out.
Plastics and fixing
Specimen system
The quality of doing it has a lot to do with plastic surgery. During plastic surgery, the specimen should be placed horizontally on the table, with the head facing left, the forelimbs retracted, the palm side down, the hind limbs straight, the sole side up and the tail flat, and cotton should be picked up in the eyes with tweezers.
Prominent eyeballs, neat hair, upright ears, slightly pointed head and arched hips. The label is attached to the right foot, the specimen is placed on the fixing plate, and the limbs are fixed with pins. After drying in the shade, the fake peeled specimen was made. ②
Ecological specimen
In museums, teaching and other units, animal specimens are often made into life postures for popular science. The method of stripping is basically the same as that of pseudo-stripping specimens. Only lead wires (steel bars or plates for large animals) are needed for filling.
Support its limbs. The type of lead wire used depends on the size of the animal itself. The head, limbs and tail are supported by 1 wire respectively. The lead wire in the head is first rolled with cotton into the same thickness and length as the original muscle in the neck, and one end is fixed.
On the skull. You can also keep the original skull. In addition, the 1 lead was inserted into the limb from the sole of the foot along the posterior side of the limb bone, leaving a section for fixation. Lead wire is bent along the bone of the limbs and tied to the bone with thread, and the limbs still need cotton.
Not the original muscle. The coccyx should not be made of bamboo, but must be made of lead wire in various postures.
(2) Specimen making of medium-sized mammals generally refers to rabbits, marmots, giant squirrels and weasels, such as weasels. The preparation method is basically the same as that of small mammals. Because this specimen is relatively large, the opening of the abdomen is slightly larger. When filling the body with bamboo filaments, a bamboo stick is needed to support the body.
(3)
Specimen making of large mammals
Large mammals generally refer to tigers, leopards, wild boar, deer and so on. And there are generally two methods of making, ecological specimens and preserving skin and skull without filling prosthesis for scientific research. Taking this specimen as an example, making
It can spread from the root of the tail to the snout and the inside of the limbs. However, when dealing with horned cloven-hoofed animals, it is necessary to open a "ya" mouth between the two horns and the back of the neck, and cut off the skin around the root of the horn; When the angle is large, it needs to be operated on the neck side.
In addition, the hooves and claws of the limbs should be left on the skin.
(4) Preparation of liquid immersion specimens of some small animals (such as bats and mice). ), this method can be used to prevent the decay and alopecia caused by the field working conditions can not be completed at one time, or because the specimens can not be seen clearly for classification purposes after drying, and because of the research needs of internal organs. The method is to soak the organs exposed from the abdominal opening with 75% alcohol solution or 5 ~ 10% formalin solution. Before soaking, each specimen should be tied with a numbered bamboo stick for easy reference.
(5) Preparation of bone specimens by insect erosion This method is suitable for making vertebrates.
All kinds of bone specimens. Taking animal specimens as an example, in the past, methods such as peeling to remove internal organs, cooking with clear water and removing muscles attached to bones with tweezers were often used, but it was time-consuming and laborious and easy to damage the specimens, which affected the classification and identification of the specimens.
Dinghe collection. In recent years, China has adopted the carnivorous habit of Coleoptera insect-dermatophyte larvae to remove muscles attached to bones, and achieved good results. Introduction is as follows.
① Morphology and insect origin
I
The Pi stinkbug body used by scientists is oval, black or auburn, or patterned, with a body length of 2 ~12mm; Larvae has segmented body and long hair. House dust mites are distributed in the north and south of China. They not only like to eat meat.
Class, but also bite books, clothes, hides, herbs and so on. When this method is carried out, it is necessary to collect and cultivate insect groups first, and it is best to collect midges in warm spring and summer. At this time, you can bring flesh and blood to attract them, or you can often live in midges.
Moving slaughterhouses, stalls selling meat and blood, fur warehouses of animal husbandry companies.
② Culture
Insect erosion method is to put the collected midges into smooth containers, such as rectangular iron boxes and large ones.
For glass containers with mouths, the bottom of the container can be covered with a layer of cotton. If the container is large, you can also add a layer of big eye partition or barbed wire at a certain distance. In order to make the air in the container circulate, it is not easy to climb out, and the top is open.
Windows, covered with fine barbed wire. Skin the carcasses of animals or insect-like animals caught in the wild, remove their internal organs, clean and dry them, and then put them into containers after air drying. At this time, the temperature of the container should be kept at 27 ~ 29℃, and the humidity should not exceed.
More than 70%, in order to maintain a certain temperature and humidity, you can put a small dish filled with water in the container. If the temperature and humidity are moderate, the skulls of small mammals can be cleaned in just over ten hours, and sometimes it takes 2 ~ 3 days for medium animals.
When this method is implemented, it should be checked at any time to avoid bone loss caused by excessive moth-eaten. Completely dehydrated dry specimens should be soaked in water. This method should be carried out after the muscles are soft and dry. After insect erosion, bone specimens still retain the original color of bones.
If it is not used for classification and identification, 4% hydrogen peroxide can be applied to the bone surface to obtain a white specimen.
③ Precautions
House dust mite is an important pest, so it should be prevented from escaping and causing harm when raised. When there are too many insects or stop feeding, you can use boiling water or fire.
(6) There are generally two methods to make bat specimens according to their uses.
① liquid immersion specimen
bat
Bats are social animals, and sometimes they are caught at one time. Except for some specimens, the rest can be preserved in 70% alcohol solution. The method is to cut a gap in the abdomen of the bat, and the size of the gap is subject to the immersion of the solution into the viscera. Guo Ru
In scientific research, it is necessary to record all kinds of measurement data before liquid immersion, and then write down the specimen number on the bamboo pole with drawing ink or pencil, tie it to the left foot (the line should be short to avoid winding) and put it in a container. As soon as possible after the on-site work.
Identification: put people in a jar with 70% alcohol solution in units of "species", and the scientific name, place of origin and collection time should be marked outside the jar.
② Pseudodissection specimen.
This method can be used to make scientific research specimens.
fruit peel
skin
It can be divided into two types: dorsal dissection and abdominal dissection. Because the thick back is not easy to destroy the classification of specimens and has obvious characteristics, it is better to peel the back. The specific operation method is as follows. Cut from the back to the tail 1 ~ 2 cm, cut along the back line to the waist, and use a knife.
The handle gently separates the skin from the meat until the hind limb is pinched by hand, and the joint between the femur and the body is cut to remove the muscle, and the other hind limb is also treated in the same way. The penis bone can be cut off from the base. When cutting off the genitals and rectum, clamp the tail with tweezers.
At the base, pull out the coccygeal vertebra with your left hand, then turn over the skin, peel off the flesh from the chest, cut, pull out and scrape off the muscles at the upper humerus and scapula; When dealing with the head, cut off the root of the ear, the edge of the eye, up and down in turn with a knife near the skull.
Lips. Finally, in order to prevent insects from eating in the skin, arsenic is evenly spread everywhere.
package
Turn the hair outward, pull the upper humerus, forearm radius and hind limbs back to their original positions, and replace them with peeled bamboo sticks or thin lead wires.
Replace the coccyx. Take a lump of cotton which is 1 times larger than the original volume, fold one end into a skull shape, clamp it with tweezers, push it up from the back opening to the kissing end, and then make up for the deficiency with extra cotton. At this time, the false coccyx should be placed on the upper part of cotton. After filling
Sewing, no need to sew a kiss, just pull down the upper lip to cover the lower lip. Straighten your hair and do preliminary plastic surgery with your abdomen facing up. During plastic surgery, the chest is slightly fuller than the original shape, the abdomen is naturally flat, and other parts are arranged according to the original shape.
Fixed; unchangeable
bat
The pterygium of bat specimens is brittle and easy to fold after drying in the shade, so it must be sewn on hard paper, which is not only difficult to deform, but also will not be damaged after long-term use. The method is to take a piece of hard paper (horse manure paper) larger than the one-sided wingspan specimen and put it in
The formed specimen was sewn flat on the paper with the abdomen facing up. It is customary to fold the right wing and extend the left wing, with a fixed point, a needle and a thread. The external morphological features of bats are mostly concentrated in the head, so put the ears (including ears) after sewing.
Screen), nose wing tidy up, in the process of drying in the shade, should be carefully shaped, so that it can still maintain its original shape after drying in the shade. Bat skulls are also essential for classification and identification, and can be sewn on paper with specimens.