1. Major traffic accidents caused by traffic violations of professional transport vehicles 1. Case of traffic accidents caused by overcrowded buses: At about 8: 2 on January 6, 29, Wang was driving a Tianjin-licensed bus from south to north along Xinhua Road, and when he reached the intersection of Chengde Road, when Zhang was riding a bicycle along Chengde Road from west to east, Wang's brakes failed because there were too many people on the bus, and the front of the bus he was driving was in contact with the left side of his bicycle. At about 17: 55 on February 26th, 29, Lin Mou, the driver of Jixian County, was driving a bus and rolled over from west to east along the north outer ring road of Jixian County, causing passengers Zhang, Wang and Li to be injured. Zhu Mou and Zheng Mou died after being treated by the hospital. Case study: Article 49 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that motor vehicles shall not carry more people than the approved number, and passenger vehicles shall not carry goods in violation of regulations. Article 92 stipulates that if a highway passenger vehicle carries more passengers than the rated occupant, it shall be fined from 2 yuan to 5 yuan; Those who exceed 2% of the rated passengers or carry goods in violation of regulations shall be fined between 5 yuan and 2, yuan. The traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall detain the motor vehicle until the illegal state is eliminated. If the vehicle of the transport unit is in this article, and it is not changed after punishment, the person in charge who is directly responsible shall be fined more than two thousand yuan and less than five thousand yuan. Overcrowding of buses is mostly driven by economic interests. Overcrowding of passengers will cause the vehicle to be overweight, reduce the braking performance and extend the braking distance. At the same time, after exceeding the number of passengers limited by the vehicle, passengers can't sit in the seats set by the vehicle, and the risk factor of passengers increases, and this part of the additional seats can't be included in passenger insurance. After the accident, passengers' casualties are easily not compensated. The narrow space makes people crowded in the carriage, and the damage caused by traffic accidents will also increase. 2. Traffic accident case caused by speeding of passenger cars After 7: 5 on August 31st, 29, when Li (male, a government agency in Tianjin) drove the "Kostar" bus to Beijing-Tianjin-Tanggu Expressway for 137.7 kilometers, due to speeding, he failed to take timely measures in case of emergency, and used the right front part of the vehicle to hit the Henan-licensed large truck driven by Zhang (male, a villager in Henan Province) that stopped on the hard shoulder. There were 32 injuries in this accident, and the consequences were very serious. At about 21: 3 on March 2, 29, Fan (male, a villager in Dongli District, Tianjin) walked across Jintang Highway from north to south, and met Zhang (male, a villager in Changle County, Shandong Province) driving a Liaoning license bus, coming along Jintang Highway from west to east in the first motor vehicle lane. Zhang had a traffic accident due to speeding, causing Fan to be injured and died after being rescued by the hospital. At 2: on January 6th, 29, Shimou drove a Liaoning licensed passenger car speeding from west to east along the Beijing-Shenyang Expressway to the accident site, and hit the rear end of a Beijing licensed minivan driven by Shangmou. The latter car successively hit the center guardrail and the right guardrail, overturned and caught fire on the hard shoulder, resulting in a traffic accident in which the driver Shimou and the passenger Zhou died, the passenger Zhang was injured and the two cars were damaged. At 1: 5 on March 6th, 29, Jia Mou, the driver of this city, drove the Dongfeng bus with Tianjin number plate north to south along Xima route, exceeding the specified speed. When he reached the intersection of Xiguan Street, he met a pedestrian Wang Mou walking from east to west along the north side of the intersection. Jia Mou found that he couldn't dodge because of the too fast speed, and the right side of the front of the bus hit the right side of Wang Limin's body, causing Wang Mou to be injured and died after being rescued by the hospital. At 17: 2 on March 9, 29, when Li, the driver of this city, was driving a Tianjin-brand minibus from east to west speeding along the extension line of Tianjin-Tianjin Expressway to Tanggu Yanchang crossing, he failed to take timely measures because of the too fast speed, and the front of the car hit the right side of a two-wheeled motorcycle traveling from south to north along Tanggu Yanchang crossing, causing the drivers and passengers of the two-wheeled motorcycle Lu and Tian to die on the spot. At 7 o'clock on September 23, 29, Wang, a driver of Shandong Province, drove a passenger car with Shandong number plate from south to north along Jinwang Road to 15 kilometers and 1 meters away from Jinwang Road. Because of speeding, he skidded when he hit the direction, causing the car to turn into the left ditch, and the driver Wang and three passengers drowned on the spot. Case Analysis According to the investigation and statistics of relevant departments, speeding of motor vehicles has become a major cause of many traffic accidents. The faster the vehicle speed, the higher the probability of traffic accidents. As the saying goes, "Ten accidents are nine times faster", which is the truth. According to experts' research, the distance between the driver's stepping on the brake pedal and the complete stop of the car is mainly composed of two parts. One is the driver's reaction distance. The second is the actual braking distance. On the dry asphalt pavement, when the motor vehicle is driving at a speed of 6km/h, the braking distance from the moment when the driver discovers the situation to the moment when it stops is 29.7m. When driving at a speed of 9km/h, this distance will be extended to 58.6m.. If a large vehicle is speeding, it will not only further extend the braking distance, but also pose a safety threat to the passengers in the compartment. Article 42 of "Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China" stipulates that motor vehicles shall not exceed the maximum speed indicated by the speed limit sign when driving on the road. In the section where there is no speed limit sign, you should maintain a safe speed. Paragraph 4 of Article 99 of the Road Traffic Safety Law stipulates that if a motor vehicle travels at a speed exceeding 5% per hour, the traffic administrative department of the public security organ shall impose a fine of more than 2 yuan and less than 2, yuan. 3. Traffic accidents caused by overloading of large trucks After about 2: 26 on March 2, 29, when Wang drove a large truck with Hebei license from east to west along Truth Road and turned right at the intersection of No.1 Road, he lost control due to vehicle overload and had an accident with Li, who was riding an electric bicycle from east to west along Truth Road, causing Li to be injured and died in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chinese Medicine at about 2: 45 on March 2, 29. At about 23: 5 on May 28, 29, the driver of this city, Kong Mou, was driving a Tianjin brand semi-trailer with cargo exceeding the width limit, and when driving from east to west to 2 kilometers along Yangbei Highway, a traffic accident occurred with a passenger car coming in the opposite direction, causing the driver of the passenger car Zhang to be injured and the passenger Dou Mou to die. Case Analysis Article 48 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that the load of motor vehicles shall meet the approved load quality and overload is strictly prohibited; The length, width and height of the load shall not violate the loading requirements, and the load shall not be spilled or scattered. Article 92 stipulates that if a freight motor vehicle exceeds the approved carrying mass, it shall be fined from 2 yuan to 5 yuan; Those who carry passengers in excess of 3% of the approved weight or in violation of regulations shall be fined between 5 yuan and 2, yuan. If the vehicle of the transport unit is not changed after punishment, the person in charge who is directly responsible shall be fined between two thousand yuan and five thousand yuan. The reason for this traffic accident is that the vehicle loaded with goods exceeds the width limit. In recent years, illegal overloading of vehicles is more common, and the traffic accidents caused by it are increasing day by day. One of the main reasons for this situation is that some vehicle transport units, especially some drivers, unilaterally pursue economic benefits and fail to fully realize the dangers of illegal overloading. The most obvious one is that overloading is extremely harmful to the service life of automobiles, which can lead to increased fuel consumption of vehicles, increased cylinder wear, burned clutch plates, and broken frames and leaf springs. Illegal overloading will also seriously endanger driving safety, and serious overloading will cause a flat tire and cause the vehicle to suddenly deviate. Overloading also seriously affects the steering performance of the car, causing heavy steering and easily causing rollover accidents. At the same time, according to the experiments of relevant departments, the braking distance of motor vehicles will increase by 1 meter for every ton of overload. 4. The truck stopped on the expressway for repair, and a traffic accident occurred while standing in the driveway. At : 4 on August 1, 29, when Zhou was driving a Shandong-licensed Jiefang truck from north to south along the Beijing-Shanghai Expressway to the accident site, he encountered a Hebei-licensed truck driven by Wang parked in the emergency lane to change tires, and Su drove a Hebei-licensed truck to stop in front of Wang and got off to help Wang change tires. Wang, Su and Zhao, who will change tires in the fourth lane, collided with the left front of Wang's car, and then collided with the left rear tail and left rear side of Su's car, resulting in a traffic accident in which Wang and Su died on the spot, Zhao and Li were injured and the vehicle was damaged. Case study: Article 52 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China stipulates that when a motor vehicle breaks down on the road and needs to be stopped for troubleshooting, the driver should immediately turn on the hazard warning flash and move the motor vehicle to a place that does not hinder traffic; If it is difficult to move, the hazard warning flash should be turned on continuously, and measures such as setting warning signs in the direction of the incoming car should be taken to expand the warning distance, and if necessary, the alarm should be given quickly. Article 68 stipulates that when a motor vehicle breaks down on an expressway, it shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of Article 52 of this Law; However, the warning sign should be set 15 meters away from the direction of the faulty car, and the people on board should be quickly transferred to the right shoulder or emergency lane, and alarm should be given quickly. If a motor vehicle fails or has a traffic accident on the expressway and cannot run normally, it shall be towed and towed by a rescue vehicle and a wrecker. In this case, three people on the accident car stood in the driveway to repair the car, which violated the relevant provisions of the Road Traffic Safety Law. On the expressway, vehicles travel faster. When someone is found in the driveway ahead, it is difficult for drivers to take emergency measures in time. Once a traffic accident happens, it is very likely to develop into a chain accident, and the consequences are more serious. 5. Cases of traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving of dangerous goods transport vehicles After 5: 1 on May 2, 29, Zhang was driving a Jianghuai medium-sized van with a license plate from Hebei Province in a foggy day, and drove from west to east along the Tangjin Expressway to 147. At 7 kilometers, the right front part of the car hit the left rear end of the Shaanxi Automobile heavy tank semi-trailer driven by Liu in the second lane due to fog traffic jam. A traffic accident that caused the death of Hu Mou, a passenger in Zhang's car, and the damage of two cars and goods in the car. Case analysis is a common illegal phenomenon when drivers are tired of driving, and traffic accidents caused by fatigue driving are more common. From the physiological point of view, the phenomenon that drivers' driving function is low objectively is called driving fatigue because of some changes in physiology and mind caused by driving operations. After driving continuously for 2 hours, as a result of continuously processing traffic information, the driver's brain oxygen is reduced, the central nervous system is tired, he feels dull, his attention becomes lax, he is unwilling to do troublesome actions again, and he omits regular driving operations. In this case, observation, judgment and operation are easy to make mistakes, which will lead to traffic accidents. If such a situation occurs in foggy days with poor sight, the possibility of accidents will be greatly increased. The case happened at about 17: 1 on September 22, 29. Chen Mou, the driver of this city, was driving a Tianjin-licensed Yutong bus, driving south and north along the Fujian route in Tanggu District and turning left to Shanghai Road. He collided with Wang, a pedestrian crossing the road on the crosswalk, causing Wang to be injured and died after being rescued by the hospital. At 21: 5 on April 26th, 29, Yang, a driver from Inner Mongolia, was driving a Tianjin-brand bus, passing the north gate of Yunshan Road Vocational College in Tanggu District, and knocked down Zhao, a student who was crossing the road, causing Zhao to be injured and died after being rescued by the hospital. On January 1, 29, Liu, a driver of Hebei Province, was driving a Hebei number plate bus along Zunyu Highway. He failed to avoid the pedestrian Zhang who was crossing the highway in time and knocked him down, causing Zhang to be injured and died after being rescued by the hospital. Case Analysis Article 47 of the Road Traffic Safety Law stipulates: "When a motor vehicle passes through a crosswalk, it should slow down; When pedestrians are crossing the crosswalk, they should stop and make way. When a motor vehicle passes through a road without traffic signals, it should avoid pedestrians crossing the road. " These regulations help motor vehicle drivers to keep a high degree of attention to pedestrians and prevent traffic accidents due to negligence. At the same time, they are consistent with internationally accepted regulations. In the above accident cases, the drivers failed to avoid pedestrians passing through the road while driving, and even failed to stop and give way, resulting in traffic accidents due to improper measures. 2. Traffic accidents caused by illegal traffic of private cars 1. Traffic accidents caused by passenger cars driving into the reverse lane After : 2 on August 23, 29, Feng Mou drove a small ordinary passenger car with Shandong license "Wuling" and drove from north to south along Jinqi Highway to Dongfeng Bridge, he drove into the reverse lane and collided with a heavy-duty semi-trailer with Liaoning license "Steyr" driving dangerous chemicals. "Steyr" brand heavy-duty semi-trailer tractor collided with pier and lamppost again, causing damage to vehicles of both sides. Feng and passenger Shimou died on the spot, and passenger Zhang and passenger Huang of Yao were injured in the traffic accident. At 15: 3 on January 11, 29, Zhang drove a Tianjin-licensed Ming Rui minibus from north to south along Jinwei Highway to the south exit of Cui Huangkou overrun station, and went into a retrograde direction. He had an accident with a Tianjin-licensed Beijing-licensed van driven by Wang, causing two cars to be damaged to varying degrees, and Zhang was injured. He died at 16: 3 on January 11, 29 after being rescued by the hospital. At 6: 55 on May 15th, 29, the driver of this city, Tang Mou, drove Tianjin Xiali sedan along Guanghua route from south to north, and when he reached the opposite side of Longfeng Hotel, he drove into the opposite non-motorized vehicle lane. After the vehicle lost control and knocked down three normal cyclists, Zhao Mou, Hui Mou and Yin Mou, Tang Mou's vehicle rushed onto the sidewalk and hit the wall of the Second Workers' Cultural Palace, and stopped. The accident caused the cyclist Zhao to die on the spot, Hui and Yin to be injured. At about 16: on November 23, 29, Qi Mou, a driver of Jiangsu Province, drove the Beijing Great Wall Jeep from south to north along Luhan Highway after drinking. Because he overtook the car and drove into the opposite lane on the west side of the highway, the right side of the front of the car collided with the right front of a Tianjin Xiali sedan driving in the opposite direction, causing Xiali sedan to slide into the east lane of the highway and collide with a Hebei Beidouxing passenger car. The traffic accident caused the passenger Wang and his 2-year-old daughter in Xiali to die. The passengers Feng and Wang died because of the injury. The driver Li, the passenger Fu and the passenger Shimou in Xiali were injured. Case Analysis According to Article 35 of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles are allowed to pass on the right. This is the most basic principle stipulated in the Safety Law for vehicles to pass on the road. According to this fishing regulation, all drivers of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles driving motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles on the road in any part of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province Province) must pass on the right, and shall not violate the road traffic regulations.