After reading Purple Tongzhi Sword, I finally have the courage to start talking about Guiguzi's predecessors. I was not very impressed with Su Qin and Yi Cheung when I read Zi Tong Zhi Jian before. Later, I happened to read the biographies of Guiguzi's predecessors, only to know that the first two were disciples of Guiguzi's predecessors. Not only that, but also Sun Bin and Pang Juan. This is really admirable.
It is said that Confucius is famous all over the world, but how many are really famous? It is undeniable that Confucius initiated a new era of private education, but the four disciples of Guiguzi spread all over the world, affecting the world pattern, which has to be said to be quite remarkable.
After the Spring and Autumn Period, the world not only did not tend to be unified, but became more and more war-torn. The seven chivalrous men strive for hegemony and constantly stage the historical stage. The vassal States launched wars for their own selfish interests, which led to the loss of life in the world. So Guiguzi sent four disciples down the mountain to save people. Su Qin advocated the joint control of the Qin Dynasty by the six countries, while Zhang Yi sabotaged the joint plan and helped Qin unify the whole country.
Looking back on history, I don't think Su Qin is inferior to Zhang Yi. On the contrary, he cares about the world, but it is only a dream for princes to live in peace, because selfish desires are all human. Pang Juan framed Sun Bin for its own selfish interests and deliberately launched a war. He is a qualified strategist, but he is not a good strategist. As Sun Tzu emphasized in Sun Tzu's Art of War, it is great good to defeat the enemy without fighting. War is a means to defend and consolidate the country, but it is not aimed at aggression, so the final outcome of Pang Juan is very miserable. Zhang Yi, who disturbed the alliance plan, was a born strategist, but he was not a good strategist either. A large number of people in Chu were displaced from their homes, so Zhang Yi's final ending was not perfect, which was a tragedy.
In fact, I have always felt vaguely that Su Qin must have regretted provoking Yi Cheung to the State of Qin. Perhaps he overestimated the bearing of the vassals and looked down on Yi Cheung's strategy. Anyway, Daqin eventually ruled the country, and finally Qin suddenly died after II. It is common sense that the world will be divided for a long time.
Zi Jian II Zi Jian edited by Sima Guang took 65,438+09 years to compile. It is a history book with a length of 4 million words, with a volume of ***294. It was recorded in the twenty-third year of King Weilie Zhou (403 BC), and Zhou Shizong appeared in Huainan for six years after the Five Dynasties (959 BC). It is China's first chronological general history and occupies an extremely important position in the history books of China.
I read the juvenile version of Zi Tong Zhi Jian, which was condensed to about 400 pages, and let me read the qualities of the ancients: incorruptibility, integrity, fortitude, generosity, loyalty, loyalty, persistence and so on, which are indispensable in our lives.
Purple Tongzhi Sword reveals the truth of life by telling some wise kings, wise ministers or cunning villains. Stories that are still fresh in my memory are: Xiang Yu, the overlord of the Western Chu Dynasty, burned his bridges to meet the battle of the giant deer. World War I showed his brave determination and prestige, but he was too conceited, and the assassination of Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet failed, which led to a crushing defeat. Today, people still miss Xiang Yu because he refused to live and returned to the East. ? Unfortunately, he committed suicide in Wujiang.
Shang Yang, with a strong personality, often resorted to unscrupulous means to achieve his goal, especially spared no effort to promote the new law, which offended many people whose personal interests were damaged by the new law. Finally, he ended his ups and downs and vigorous life in the torture of car cracks with the crime of rebellion.
And Yu Rang, covered in blood, in order to avenge his brother Zhi Bo, disguised as a convict and sneaked into the palace, and assassinated Zhao Xiangzi in the toilet. When he was discovered, he was fearless and outspoken, but Zhao Xiangzi appreciated him and let him go. After the first failure, he still didn't change his mind. He painted his whole body with raw lacquer, which made his skin swell and his hair fall off, thus changing his appearance, and swallowed red-hot charcoal, making his voice hoarse. This kind of pain is unimaginable to ordinary people. One day, he was begging in the market. He didn't even recognize his wife and gave him some money. Finally, one day, he found out the whereabouts of Zhao Xiangzi and ambushed under the bridge that Zhao Xiangzi had to pass. Who knows that his horse jumped up and brayed as soon as he got to the bridge, and was found again, so he asked Zhao Xiangzi to take off his clothes and let Yu let him stab him several times. Jade let glared at his robe, regarded him as an enemy, roared, stabbed three times in a row, and then cut himself with a sword, splashing blood on the bridge.
After reading this history book, I have deep feelings and endless aftertaste. It also taught me a lot about being a man.
The experience of reading Zi Tongzhi Jian San is that one thing is innovating every day, and that is history. ? The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away heroes. Indeed, history is beyond doubt and will not change. It's a foregone conclusion But we can get a lot of insights from this history, so as to plan our life and prevent ourselves from repeating the mistakes of history. This is probably what Zi Zhi Tong Jian wants to tell us!
I like reading history books, but I am often addicted to them. I once fantasized about changing history, but it was impossible. I feel sorry for those heroes who died young; I also feel sad for those treacherous villains who killed the king for no reason; I am glad that those wonderful talents have won many times; And thank those prodigals for giving up halfway? But we should learn from it and prevent us from making the same mistakes as them. That's all that matters. The sui dynasty ended the division between the north and the south for many years, but it died the next year. This is all because Yang Guang, a tyrant who deceives the world and steals fame, has no ability, but pretends to be a gentleman. He persuaded his parents many times to abolish Yong Yang and become a prince on his own, which led to his extravagant style and ruined the country. He also dug the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and sailed south to Jiangdu along the canal many times, posing as a national harvest for foreigners to see, leaving the state treasury empty and the people miserable. This history tells us that if we know our shortcomings, we should try to correct them, not hide them. Everyone is ambitious and eager to get a higher position, but we can't get the honor and position we don't deserve without the ability, let alone disguise ourselves like Yang Guang, do what we can and constantly improve our level. Even if you have more ambitions, such as Song Taizu, you will succeed in the end. This is only a short period in the long history. Perhaps the truth we should understand in history is like the water in the sea, which we can't finish, but we should at least understand a laundry list! Of course, understanding is only the foundation. We should apply what we have learned, correct our shortcomings and improve our lives, so that we can succeed!
The wheel of history is slowly sailing into the distance, and perhaps our future actions will become history. So, do we want to live forever? Or do you want to be remembered forever?
Four years ago in the summer, I read Zi Jian again carefully.
The author of Purple Tongzhi Sword is Sima Guang, a famous writer, whose works make me fondle admiringly. ? And what I like is "White Goose Changing Words". Wang Xizhi is a famous calligrapher in the history of China. In the third year of Wang Xizhi's learning to write, the teacher said to other students: Look at Wang Xizhi's handwriting, it will be more famous than me in the future. Twenty years later, Wang Xizhi became famous, and a Taoist wanted Wang Xizhi to write a moral classic for him. I was afraid that Wang Xizhi wouldn't agree, so I put a dozen white geese on Wang Xizhi's only way. Wang Xizhi and the Taoist priest said, you white goose and I both have employees. Can you sell it to me? Can't! If you really want it, you can exchange it with Tao Te Ching, and finally you can exchange it for the white goose.
Chu Zhuangwang is an ambitious monarch. After he acceded to the throne, he saw that the ruling and opposition parties were yellow and depressed, and he consciously waited for the appearance of loyal ministers. Several ministers tried to persuade each other, but Chu Zhuangwang just wouldn't listen. There is also an order: anyone who surrenders will die. No one dares to persuade the king of Chu anymore. Minister Wu Ju risked his life to ask someone to help him guess. When the king of Chu heard that it was a riddle, he immediately came to the spirit. Wu Ju solemnly said:? There is a big bird on Mount Chu, wearing colorful clothes. It stopped for three years, neither flying nor barking. Nobody knows what kind of bird this is.
The king of Chu understood the intention of Wu Ju and said with a smile. Birds either don't fly and fly to the sky; You can be amazing without singing. ? Wu Ju fell to the ground and said, Your Majesty is wise! ? Ministers heard that the king of Chu had changed and were all watching, but the king of Chu still ignored state affairs as before. Minister Su never asked to see the King of Chu, but before he could speak, the King of Chu asked, Aren't you afraid of death? Su Cong said? The country is supreme, I die without regret! ? So the king of Chu used Wu Ju and Su Cong to help him deal with state affairs. Chu Zhuangwang made great efforts to defeat the Song State and the Jin State, and became the third tyrant among the five tyrants in the Spring and Autumn Period.
The book "Purple Tongzhi Sword" made me learn a lot of historical knowledge, which made my holiday particularly meaningful.
Experience of Reading Zi Tong Zhi Jian What can we get from reading Tong Jian five times?
First of all, for the long history from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties, Tong Jian undoubtedly provides detailed clues. After reading many things that once had only vague impressions, you will have a deeper feeling. Moreover, chronological history books can provide readers with a sense of the times and historical clues. Although you can't remember everything after reading it, this sense of the times allows you to roughly distinguish the ins and outs of events, in which the sequence and development context are one of the prerequisites for studying a specific era. In addition, although the materials compiled by Paulus Johannes before Wei and Jin Dynasties are generally available today, they are not available as first-class historical materials, Tong Jian has its unique historical value for the history after Sui and Tang Dynasties, especially for the differences between materials, and the various statements in Tong Jian are often considerable. As for Hu Sansheng's annotation, although it is called Zhuyin, its value is not above Zhuyin (after all, most of the words in the annotation are not uncommon words, which are a little far from today's Mandarin), but on the interpretation of historical terms, especially on the official system and administrative evolution. At the same time, Hu Sansheng read The Mirror in detail. Although there are no rare books to proofread, Daniel's proofreading often coincides with mine.
Secondly, as a treasure house with a large amount of information, it is quite beneficial for other people who have read it to strengthen their understanding of the work. For example, when I read a part of the Han Dynasty during the winter vacation last year, my understanding of the Spring and Autumn Annals and Han Dao read at the same time deepened a lot. Especially in the Republic of China, scholars like to quote materials in large paragraphs, and they will have a certain intimacy after reading them again.
At the same time, from the perspective of moral education, Sima Wen used his historical pen to portray beauty and ugliness, good and evil, wisdom and stupidity, openness and narrowness to the fullest. This will urge every reader to further examine himself and choose the good and follow.
For myself, from the cold winter to the midsummer and then to the cold winter, it almost accompanied me for the whole year of 20 18, during which I took one of them to the Paulus Johannes cemetery in Xia County, Shanxi Province. Although I know the endings of most stories in this book like the back of my hand, I can't help sighing when I read those passionate, righteous, ruthless or bloody paragraphs. ? People who are as affectionate as ever in the book are gloomy and happy every blind date? This book has brought me too many feelings, and even has been deeply integrated into my life. Four years in college, maybe there should be such a memorable thing? Miracle? Engineering.
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