Is green building the new trend now? What is the current research on environmental protection? Please read the introduction below about "Research on Green Building Environmental Protection".
1NIOO design concept and architectural strategy
NIOO stands for Netherlands Institute of Ecology. It was founded in 1992 and is affiliated with the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). It is the largest ecological research institution in the Netherlands, with research areas including aquatic ecology, animal ecology, microbial ecology and terrestrial ecology. In early 2011, NIOO moved to a brand new building in Wageningen, the Netherlands. As a green building built in 2011, NIOO’s new site in Wageningen embodies the latest achievements in the field of human settlements in the Netherlands and even Europe in terms of design concept, construction process, operation management and other aspects. It also reflects from one side The Netherlands’ concepts and practices in environmental protection (Figure 1). From the beginning of its construction, NIOO adhered to three major principles: from cradle to cradle (Cradle to Cradle), using solar energy (SolarEnergy) and displaying biodiversity (Biodiversity).
1.1 From Cradle to Cradle
In terms of the overall design concept, NIOO adheres to the concept of "from cradle to cradle". "Cradle to Cradle" (C2C) was proposed by American architect William McDouough and German environmentalist Professor Michael Braungart through interdisciplinary collaboration [4]. Its most basic philosophy is: replace "efficient" with "effective" "", that is, the single technical means of "reducing environmental damage" such as energy saving and carbon reduction in today's environmental protection are called "efficient", and what they pursue is to maximize the output of a life cycle (So-called garbage) is used and placed in other life cycles, that is, the goal of "garbage is food".
Therefore, under the C2C standard requirements, the use of a product is no longer a process of saving, but a pre-process of producing new products. The American MBDC company has carried out the "Cradle to Cradle" certification work since 2005. The certification standards are generally divided into "material pollution and toxicity", "material recycling", "use of renewable energy", "use of "Water resources management" and "social responsibility". For NIOO, the main purpose is not to control environmental damage to the greatest extent, but to provide better contributions to the surrounding environment. This is where NIOO goes further than other sustainable buildings [5]. NIOO embodies the C2C principle very well from many aspects such as material use, energy utilization, biodiversity protection, water resource recycling, etc.
1.2 Use of building materials
In terms of the use of building materials, NIOO strictly follows the principles of being harmless to humans, environmentally friendly, renewable and not emitting harmful substances during production. All building materials All have passed relevant certifications (such as FSC, PVC-free, etc.). The main building materials of NIOO are concrete and wood, and glass, steel and stone are also widely used (Figure 2). At the same time, no chemicals such as sealants, glues, etc. are used throughout the building. In order that building materials can be reused, NIOO destroys the original properties of the materials as little as possible during the construction process. For example, there are not too many chemical additives used in concrete to enhance its performance, while wood is only used directly after fireproofing. Materials such as wood and steel should be cut and shaped as much as possible to ensure that they can be reused after dismantling.
1.3 Energy use
In terms of energy use, NIOO focuses on two aspects: energy conservation and the use of sustainable energy. By scientifically calculating the angle and time of sunlight, NIOO uses a large number of glass exterior walls to ensure daylighting, and uses LED cold light sources as much as possible to reduce power consumption. NIOO has designed an automatic sensing system that can automatically adjust indoor light brightness according to the intensity of external natural light to avoid energy loss caused by excessive lighting. In addition, NIOO also designed a natural ventilation system that can be intelligently adjusted according to the indoor and outdoor temperature difference, as well as energy-saving measures such as a roof garden that can be used for ecological research experiments.
1.4 Water Resources Management
In terms of water resources management, the drainage of the entire building, including rainwater, sewage (including laboratory drainage) and toilet drainage, is discharged to the building after treatment The surrounding surface water serves as landscape and ecological water replenishment; in terms of toilet drainage treatment, NIOO fully embodies the "Waste=Food" principle advocated by the C2C concept [6]. First, a vacuum drainage system is used to reduce toilet drainage, and then the toilet drainage is collected and processed. The fermentation tank, algae treatment and wetland treatment are then discharged into the surrounding natural water bodies to serve as ecological water replenishment for the landscape river (Figure 5). The fermentation tank recovers biogas as energy, and the algae after sewage treatment can be recycled and reused. At present, NIOO has made a lot of efforts in the resource utilization of algae, which can be used as raw materials for the production of feed, food coloring, jam and other products.
1.5 Biodiversity protection
In terms of biodiversity protection, the top of NIOO is completely covered with plants (green roof). The plants will purify the water and air, and are also beneficial to the building. Temperature control inside the building; not limited to this, NIOO also uses green roofs to carry out research related to biodiversity mechanisms, plant power generation, and plant screening; at the same time, NIOO cooperates with various institutions to carry out various ecological protection measures around the building , including various types of green fences, ecological waterways, etc. (Figure 6). Due to the large number of local bats and bees, NIOO set up a bat cave on the roof, and the back of a bicycle shed was also converted into a beehive, using beehives made of straw and adopting a sound-absorbing design to reduce the impact of human activities on them.
2NIOO’s Achievements and Enlightenments
For NIOO, the greatest achievement is not to be the best in any aspect of sustainable architecture, but to combine various methods and Various concepts are fully integrated. For example, sewage treatment can be combined with algae resource utilization, green roofs can be combined with biodiversity, and residual heat in summer can be stored for heating in winter. The organic combination of various concepts and technologies in these different fields has made NIOO a leading example of sustainable architecture in the Netherlands and even Europe. The creation and existence of NIOO has brought about environmental impacts, and NIOO's efforts are first to avoid, eliminate and restore these impacts to the greatest extent possible.
At the same time, the construction of NIOO will never stop. New concepts of sustainable architecture will continue to become a reality here, and NIOO will also survive sustainably with the surrounding environment. For a sustainable building, there are problems such as construction, ecological impact, energy utilization, pollutant emissions, and reuse after the building is lost. If you zoom in on a sustainable building, you will find that this is what a city faces in its operation. Issues: construction, energy, pollution, ecology (Figure 7). Therefore, a sustainable building is a miniature model of a sustainable city.
3 Discussing the characteristics of Dutch environmental protection from NIOO
The typical natural and geographical conditions of the Netherlands determine its economic structure and the corresponding environmental protection characteristics. Due to the foresight of the Dutch government in environmental management and policies, the Dutch people regard environmental protection as their own responsibility and have successfully built a country with imperfect natural conditions into a post-war welfare state [7]. Several salient features of Dutch environmental protection can be seen from NIOO, which represents the highest level of sustainable architecture in the Netherlands:
3.1 General environmental protection replaces narrow environmental protection
It is not difficult to see from NIOO that The so-called environmental protection of the Dutch covers a wide range of areas. Traditional environmental protection methods such as sewage treatment are only a small part of NIOO's various measures. NIOO's more highlights lie in the design and construction of the building itself, and the acquisition and use of energy. , the harmony between man and nature, etc. In the Netherlands, environmental protection is no longer just the narrow sense of environmental protection that we think of every day, such as pollution control and ecological protection, but a large-scale environmental protection that integrates energy, ecology, construction, water conservancy, transportation, pollution prevention and even space utilization. Pollution prevention and control are only It is only a small part of the larger environmental protection scope, and a large amount of research work is concentrated in the fields of energy, ecology, architecture and other fields (Figure 8).
3.2 Sufficient cross-integration of various fields
From NIOO, we can clearly feel the cross-over and integration of research results in various fields (Figure 9). Concepts such as ecology, aesthetics, and clean production are integrated into traditional buildings. Energy-saving measures include optics, intelligent control, aerodynamics and other achievements. Pollution prevention and control measures include the application of algae resources. Biodiversity conservation is closely related to science. research work combined. In the Netherlands, it is difficult to define a certain environmental protection achievement or environmental protection project as pollution control, energy utilization or ecological protection. Energy is often recycled while pollution control is concerned, and ecology is protected while utilizing energy. From another perspective, environmental protection has been integrated into all areas of social production. Whether it is the administrative behavior of the government, the production behavior of enterprises or the daily life behavior of igeren, we can all see the penetration of environmental protection concepts. This is how Dutch environmental protection can go. The main reason for being at the forefront of the world.
3.3 Pay attention to energy utilization and ecological protection
As a country with a large area of ??land below sea level, the Netherlands has a long history of natural disasters that have made the Dutch have a strong sense of crisis about energy and the environment. . Therefore, in the Netherlands, people’s desire for energy utilization can be seen everywhere. Whether it is traditional windmills (wind energy), or the newly developed solar energy, biogas (biomass energy), or even plant power generation, various new energy sources have penetrated into the Dutch environmental protection policy. various fields. In terms of ecological protection, under the influence of religion and culture, the concept of "we are only temporarily living on the earth" makes Europeans try to maintain an unmodified original ecology when treating the natural environment. Urban buildings are simple and natural, and urban expansion is slow. It is orderly, with patches of forest green space and herds of cattle and sheep everywhere. People and nature live in harmony, creating a beautiful pastoral scenery.
4 Conclusion
Due to the different stages of development, while we are struggling with pollution control and running for ecological protection, the Dutch are already on the path to truly sustainable development. development path. The development of things has its own inherent laws, and we cannot avoid the stages experienced by developed countries.
However, for environmental workers and government managers, only by understanding the development and progress of environmental protection in developed countries and recognizing their own position can they clarify the direction of future efforts.
The above green building environmental protection research was collected and compiled by Zhongda Consulting
For more information on engineering/service/procurement bidding document writing and production to increase the bid winning rate, you can click on the official website at the bottom Free customer service consultation: /#/?source=bdzd