1. cuttings
Begonia is usually cut off from branches one year before germination in spring or from semi-lignified branches to newly lignified branches in autumn, and cut into 2-3 segments, leaving a leaf at the top, cutting off other leaves, cutting the upper mouth horizontally, obliquely cutting the mouth under the leaf segment into a horseshoe shape, cutting it in a cool and ventilated place at the back, drying it for 20-30 minutes, and then soaking the lower end of the cuttings with rooting powder water solution or willow water immersion solution. Or choose seedling tray, nutrition bag, paper cup, straw bowl, flowerpot, etc. For transplanting rice seedlings. Cutting substrate can be loose and fertile pastoral soil, humus soil, peat soil, etc. 4 parts, river sand 3 parts, decomposed sawdust, chaff ash, chaff, bark, broken pine needles, edible fungus leftovers 3 parts, etc. , and increase by 5%.
The cutting depth is 1 ~ 2 nodes of the cutting, and the cutting matrix is compacted while cutting, so that the cutting matrix is fully contacted with the cutting; Pay attention to keep the environment ventilated and have enough scattered light after cutting. In spring, pay attention to arch membrane insulation and shade properly. Pay attention to shading in autumn or adopt full sunshine spraying method for cutting management. It is advisable to water frequently, keep the surface of cutting substrate dry and wet, and spray water mist on leaves frequently. Generally, after 2 ~ 3 cuttings, you can take root and survive.
Step 2 transplant into a flowerpot
Begonia is often transplanted in pots in spring when the temperature is stable above 65438 05℃, and it can also be transplanted in autumn from late September to1early October. Seedlings cutted with nursery trays, nutrition bags, grass pots, paper cups, flowerpots and other nursery containers can be transplanted into pots filled with soil at any time. Generally, after two months of cutting, when new roots grow in the cutting container, they can be transplanted with soil. Choose a medium-deep pot with proper size, use 4 parts of loose and fertile pastoral soil, humus soil, pond mud, peat soil and peat soil, 2 parts of river sand or coal ash, 2 parts of decomposed high-quality farmyard manure or cake fertilizer crumbs, 2 parts of decomposed sawdust, bran ash, corn husk charcoal, tree bark crumbs, coconut bran and broken pine needles, and add 65438+.
Step 3 protect the environment
Wild begonia can be kept in a bright room for a long time, preferably in a patio or behind a well-ventilated house with sufficient scattered light, or beside a rockery or fountain with running water, or on a balcony or windowsill facing east and south. Begonia, avoid strong direct sunlight, should maintain sufficient scattered light for a long time. In winter, it should be moved indoors or in a greenhouse, and the temperature should be kept above 10℃.
water
Under the condition of keeping the basin soil loose, breathable and well drained, begonia should be watered frequently during the growing season, keeping the basin soil moist and spraying water and fog frequently. Avoid long-term wet waterlogging or long-term dry water loss of the basin soil, and do not let water accumulate in the basin. It is advisable to water less in winter and keep the basin soil moist and slightly dry.
5. Top dressing
In the growing season, the begonia should be properly topdressing, and it can be watered with thin and decomposed high-quality farmyard manure water, kitchen waste manure water, fishy water and cake manure water. , pour 1 ~ 3 times a month. The application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be appropriately increased in bud stage, and decomposed chicken manure, bone meal, calcium superphosphate and other water can be added to soak and dilute before pouring. In the growing season, 0. 1% urea aqueous solution and 0.2% ~ 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution can be used and sprayed on the leaves every 7 ~ 10 days. Top dressing is generally not used in hot summer and cold winter.
chessom
Begonia japonica is a kind of loose and breathable cultivation soil. In the growing season, shallow scarification should be carried out on the surface of the basin once a month. Generally, the depth of loosening soil is about 1 ~ 5 cm to keep the basin soil loose, breathable and well drained. Autumn from June 5438 to 10 is often the last time to loosen the soil in a year. Before loosening the soil, some thoroughly decomposed high-quality screened and dried farm compost, livestock manure, soil miscellaneous fertilizer, cake fertilizer leftovers, etc. Sprinkle on the surface of the basin, 30% of bone powder, shell powder, eggshell powder, fish powder, shrimp and crab shell powder and so on. Add 20% calcium superphosphate to make overwintering base fertilizer, and then loosen the soil.
prune
In the growing season, large and dense leaves, old yellow leaves, diseased leaves, etc. Should be cut off in time, long branches and leaves should be cut off or cut short in time. Cut off the residual flowers in time after the flowers. Before sprouting in spring, carry out a plastic pruning, cut short the branches and leaves that are too high, and cut off the leaves of pests and diseases; You can also cut plants short when the soil surface layer in the pot is 5 ~ 10 cm high, and the cut branches can be used for cutting propagation. (Some pictures are from online friends)
8. Turn over the pots and change the soil
Begonia should be turned over once every 1 ~ 2 years, and germinate well in spring. To replace one-half to two-thirds of the old soil, put some soaked animal bones, hoof horns, shrimp and crab shells and 10 ~ 20 cooked fermented soybeans or peanuts at the bottom of the pot as base fertilizer, fill it with new culture soil and replant it in the pot. When the plant grows up gradually, the plant is larger and the basin is smaller, and the plant and the basin are not in a line, the larger basin should be selected for planting.
9. Pest control
The main diseases of begonia are leaf spot, damping-off, root rot, stem rot, gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, bacterial blight and sooty blotch. And pests such as aphids and red spiders. Attention should be paid to strengthening cultivation and maintenance management. If pests and diseases are found, they should be prevented in time.