Building name: Nanyun River Era: Sui Dynasty Address: Hongqiao District starts from Xianyang Bridge in the west and ends at the mouth of Sancha River in the east. Category: Ancient Buildings The South Canal starts from Linqing County, Shandong Province in the south, flows through Dezhou, then passes through Dongguang, Bozhen, Cangxian and Qingxian counties in Hebei Province to enter Jinghai County, Tianjin City, and then passes through Yangliuqing District, Xiqing District, into Hongqiao District. It flows through the southern part of Hongqiao District and reaches the mouth of the Sancha River where it joins the North Canal and then flows into the Haihe River. The total length is 509 kilometers, and a section in Hongqiao District is about 7.3 kilometers long and 20-40 meters wide. It flows from west to east in Hongqiao District and passes through the boundaries of Xingongzhuang, Xiaoxiguan, Nantouyao, Xianchunyuan, Dahuoxiang, Hebei Street, Sandiaoshi, and Dahui. The other side of the western end is the boundary of Nankai District. There are many residential areas along the coast. On the south bank of the eastern section there is the site of the "Red Light Shining on the Yellow Lotus Our Lady's Ship Parking Ground". The area around the mouth of the Sancha River is one of the earliest areas in Tianjin's development. There is a "Monument to the Diversion Project from Luanzhou to Tianjin". There are Miyun Bridge, Xianyang Bridge, Jieyuan Bridge, Jigongzhuang Gate Bridge, Jinggangshan Bridge, Dafeng Bridge, Tuanjie Bridge and others on the river. Bridge, Aimin Bridge, Jinhuaqiao Bridge, and Jinzhong Bridge. The South Canal is part of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, the earliest and longest man-made river in the world. It is also the main section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in North China. . During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, water transport flourished, and the South Canal was historically a canal road leading to Beijing. The busy water transportation and shipping of the South Canal has caused a large population to gather along the coast. The gathering of this large population has made the Sancha River Estuary the birthplace of Tianjin and the earliest commercial, cultural and entertainment area. Historically, the South Canal has made historical contributions to the formation of Tianjin city, the development of business culture, and to Tianjin becoming a northern metropolis and economic and trade center. Has high historical value. Tianjin North Canal The North Canal integrates multiple functions such as flood discharge, water diversion and water diversion. It is the main river channel of the Haihe River system. The reconstruction started in April 2001 and was completed in September. The whole plant is 15.017 kilometers from Qujiadian Gate to Zibei Confluence. The distance between the two banks is 120 meters. The total length of the line is 30.032 kilometers. Now the North Canal is clear, the banks are green, the lights along the line are bright, the flood discharge is smooth, the transportation is convenient, and the environment is elegant. , is an effective combination of water conservancy engineering and landscape engineering, and is a beautiful landscape in Tianjin.

The North Canal was historically an important canal channel leading to Beijing. It starts from Tong County, Beijing City in the north, flows through Wuqing County, Tianjin City, Nalongfeng River, Huiyongding River, Qujiadian, Beichen District, Yongdingxin River, Guoxinzhuang and Qianlidi, enters Hongqiao District, and flows through Hongqiao On the northeastern edge of the district, it meets the Ziya River to the east of Xinhong Bridge and joins the South Canal at the mouth of the Sancha River to join the Haihe River. The total length is 186 kilometers. The river section in Hongqiao District is about 6 kilometers long and 60-70 meters wide. The maximum flow rate is 100-184 cubic meters per second. From northwest to southeast, it is Beichen District. The boundary river between Hebei District and Hongqiao District. It flows through Xianyang North Road, Dingzigu, Xigou, Santiaoshi and other places. Along the coast there are tourist attractions such as Peach Blossom Spring and Xigou Park. At the mouth of the Sancha River, there are the "Monument of the Diversion Project from Luan to Tianjin" along the river: the right beach ferry, Qinjian Bridge, Beiyang Bridge, Xinzhuang Bridge, Fort Ferry and three stone pedestrian bridges. During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, water transport flourished and Tianjin developed into a commercial port. The canal played a certain role in the economic and cultural exchanges at that time. In addition to shipping, the river is also a source of domestic water for urban and rural people. Because the terrain of North China is high in the northwest and low in the southeast, the upstream slopes are steep and the flow is rapid, and the downstream plain river channels are winding and full of sediment. There have been many floods in history. The river section within the current territory is used for flood discharge and water storage.

History The North Canal is an important canal channel leading to Beijing. It made a historical and important contribution to the formation of Tianjin city and the prosperity and development of agriculture, industry and city. The North Canal was called "Yuhe" in ancient times. It is an important first-class river in Tianjin and an important part of the main stream of the Haihe River. It is responsible for flood control and water diversion from Luanhe River. Tianjin implemented the North Canal Comprehensive Management Project in 2001, with a total investment of 470 million yuan. It built four theme parks, Luanshui Garden, Beiyang Garden, Yuhe Garden, and Entertainment Park, and built a new rubber dam, three bridges, and 18 wharves. 900,000 square meters of new green space were added, and the total area of ??river water surfaces and greening reached 2.1 million square meters. After comprehensive treatment, the North Canal has clear water, green embankments, smooth flood discharge, elegant environment, and rich tourism resources, making it a beautiful landscape.

Four new theme parks have been built on both sides of the North Canal: Luanshui Garden, Beiyang Garden, Yuhe Garden and Entertainment Park. The entire Luanshui Garden is composed of the "miniature landscape that leads Luan to Tianjin", the "urban scene", the "flowers in bloom" flower bed, the cross-over sculpture and the square street landscape that leads to Luan Exhibition Hall; Beiyang Garden is a park with "traditional concepts". "History" as the main line, and "Educational spirit rooted in people's hearts" as the main line; Yuhe Garden consists of seven parts: relief wall, scene, floating dragon, along the water, poetry road, legend road, ancient anchor, and antique pier; The entertainment park consists of seven landscapes: sand pit, decorative pillars, music revetment, decorative revetment, interesting auxiliary decoration, son of the canal, and hope.

The peach garden built along the North Canal Embankment has more than 5,300 trees and shrubs, and more than 500 peach trees of various types, including mountain peaches, beta peaches, longevity peaches, etc. It is full of spring when they are in full bloom. There are 10 piers from Beiyangqiao to Qujiadian, and the cruise ship runs 13 kilometers away. From spring to autumn every year, tourists can board the ship to enjoy the beautiful scenery along the way.

1. Daqing River, the lower reaches of today’s Dawen River, also known as Beisha River. The ancient Qiqigou was originally a wasteland, and the lower reaches were once called Salt River. According to "Dongyuan Archaeological Records", the water is clearer than Ji, so Ji is named after Qing. Jishui originally flows north and south in Yuncheng, and the southern Jishui is Nanqing River. It was called Nanyun River in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and Niutou River in the Xianfeng period of the Qing Dynasty.

The Beiqing River is the Beiqing River. Because the Wenji River merges, it is also called the Daqing River. The name belongs to "Ji" and not to Wen. Since the Jishui disappeared, the Daqing River belongs to Wenshui River, so it is called Daqing River along the river. Before the Wenshui River entered Jidu, it ran from Daicunba in the east to Dongpingcheng in the west and was collectively called Daqing River. The Guwen River (left and right Wen) in the south of the city is also called Daqing River, also known as Xiaoqing River, and is collectively called Wenshui River.

Today the Daqing River is the largest flood drainage channel in the county. From below Daicun Dam, it flows westward through Nanchengzi, Longgu, Houting, Liuze, Daniucun, Mazhuang, Wujiaman, Shanlou to Makou and enters Dongping Lake. The total length is 37.7 kilometers, the river bed width is between 500 and 1500 meters, and the drainage area is 281 square kilometers. Before the founding of the People's Republic of China, due to the short source, rapid flow, high sand content, and the disrepair of the embankment, the breach caused disasters year after year. In 1918, the maximum flood flow reached 9450 m3/s. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, embankments were repaired and strengthened year by year, and the river crossing section was widened. The flood control standard of the whole river was raised from 3000 m3/s before the founding of the People's Republic of China to 7000 m3/s. This not only reduced the serious threat of flood disasters, but also began to benefit the people. The Liuze diversion irrigation project has been built successively, and the electromechanical drainage and irrigation projects have been built in Wuyan, Lukou, Wangtai, Makou and other places. There are many ferries in Nanchengzi, Wuman, Shanlou and Beiqiao, which facilitate the passage of people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. In July 1958, Liuze Manshui Bridge was completed. Liuze Bridge and Dongping Bridge (also known as Wangtai Bridge) were built in December 1973 and July 1977. The bridges are double-curved arch steel concrete structures. Recently, a bridge was built on the west side of Liuze Bridge, which is parallel to the original bridge and divided into upper and lower roads, making the traffic on National Highway 105 more convenient.

The Daqing River is a beautiful landscape. There are strips of willows on both sides of the river embankment, which stretch for dozens of miles. They are windproof and have strong embankments, making it a spectacular sight. There are Baifo Mountain and Daotunwa in the north. Standing on the top of Baifo Mountain and looking south, the Daqing River dances like a silver snake. Daqing River is not only beautiful in scenery, but also rich in resources. In addition to being rich in fish and shrimp aquatic products, the river sand reserves are large, about 60 million tons. People on both sides of the river collect and transport sand in the river. Sand fields can be seen everywhere. The annual mining, storage and transportation volume exceeds 1.5 million tons, and the economic income is very considerable.

2. Daqing River is one of the five major rivers in China’s Haihe River system. in central Hebei Province. 448 kilometers long. It is divided into two major systems, the north and the south: the north branch is dominated by the Juma River, originating from Laishan in Laiyuan County, passing through Zijingguan to Zhangfang and divided into the south Juma River and the north Juma River. The North Juma River flows eastward and merges with the Baishi River to form the Baigou River; the South Juma River passes through Dingxing and Rongcheng to Baigou Town and merges with the Baigou River to form one, flowing to the southeast. The southern branch flows into Baiyangdian from the Tang River (Qishui) and Zhulong River systems, and then flows eastward and is called Zhaowang River. After the Zhaowang River and Juma River merged in Xinzhen, they were called Daqing River. The Daqing River joins the Ziya River near the Sixteenth Fort, passes through the Xihe Gate and reaches Tianjin where it joins the Haihe River. Along both sides of the Daqing River, there are Baiyangdian, Dongdian, Wen'an and other lakes, which can regulate floods. Upstream there are reservoirs such as Wangkuai and Xidayang to intercept floods and store water. The downstream channel diverts floodwater directly into the Bohai Sea through the Duliujia River.

It is one of the five major tributaries of the Haihe River system, also called Shangxi River. It is about 448 kilometers long and has a drainage area of ??39,600 square kilometers. There are many tributaries in the upper reaches, which can be divided into two major branches: north and south:

The Juma River system in the north and the Zhaowang River system in the south. The Juma River originates from Lai Mountain in Laiyuan County, flows northeast in the valley, passes through Zijing Pass and heads north, turns eastward at Laishui County, and divides into north and south branches at Zhangfang Town: The north branch flows eastward and receives the Liuli River and Xiaoqing River to Dongci Village. This section is called Beijuma River. From Dongci Village, it turns south and flows south to Baigou Town, which is called Baigou River. The south branch is called Nanjuma River. Xing, it receives Yishui in Beihedian, flows southeast to Baigou Town and joins Baigou River, hereafter called Daqing River, and then flows through Xiongxian County to the southwest of Xinzhen to join the south branch of Zhaowang River. Zhaowang River refers to the waterway east of Baiyangdian Lake. Above Baiyangdian, the main rivers entering the lake are Tang River and Zhulong River. The Tang River originates from the southeastern foothills of Hengshan Mountain in Hunyuan County, Shanxi Province, enters Hebei Province via Lingqiu, passes through Tang County and enters the plains. It crosses the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway north of Ding County and turns northeast, flowing into Baiyangdian. The upper source of the Zhulong River is called Dasha River. It originates from the Yinchang area at the southern foot of Taibai Mountain in Lingqiu, Shanxi. It flows south through Fuping, Quyang, and Xinle. It joins the Cihe River at Wuren Bridge in the south of Anguo and is called Zhulong. The river flows northeastward into Baiyangdian. In the northwest of Baiyangdian, there are also Bath River and Fu River, which originate from Taihang Mountain and flow into the lake alone. There are a series of depressions in the middle and lower reaches of the Daqing River, such as Langou Lake, Baiyang Lake, Wen'an Lake, Dong Lake, etc. After passing through Dongdian, the Daqing River merges into the Ziya River at the Sixth Fort in the western suburbs of Tianjin and then flows into the Hai River. Before liberation, the upper reaches of the Daqing River rose at the same time during the flood season, and the lower reaches were not well ventilated, causing frequent floods. After liberation, a reservoir was built in the upper reaches to regulate floods, the river embankments were strengthened in the middle reaches, and a single-flow shallow river was dug in the lower reaches to expand the capacity of discharging floods into the sea. So that the Daqing River can be better managed.

Ziya River

Tzu-ya River

Also known as Ziya He.

One of the five major rivers in China’s Haihe River system. in southern Hebei Province. It is 706 kilometers long. There are two branches in the upper reaches: Hutuo and Fuyang. The Hutuo River originates from the north side of Wutai Mountain in Shanxi Province. Along the way, it receives Qingshui River and Yehe River in Shanxi and Hebei. It flows eastward to join the Fuyang River in Xianxian County and is called Ziya River. Fuyang River originates from near Hecun, Handan City. The upper reaches of the Fuyang River is the home of the ancient continental lakes (lakes) and Guning Jinbo (lakes). The terrain is low-lying and has numerous streams. The downstream passes through Dacheng to the Sixth Fort where it meets the Daqing River. Due to concentrated precipitation and frequent heavy rains, the upper reaches flow through the loess area, causing serious water and soil erosion.

After the Haihe River is radically cured, Gangnan, Huangbizhuang, Zhuzhuang and other reservoirs and some farmland water and soil conservation projects in mountainous areas will be built in the upper reaches of the Ziya River. The Ziyaxin River will be excavated in the lower reaches to divert floodwaters directly into the Bohai Sea.

1. Ziya River is one of the five major rivers in the Haihe River system. It is the southwest branch of the Haihe River system. It is formed by the Fuyang River originating from the eastern slope of Taihang Mountain and the Hutuo River originating from the northern slope of Wutai Mountain. The two rivers are at After the confluence of Zangjiaqiao in Xian County, it was first named Ziya River. It flows through the provinces Shanxi, Hebei and Tianjin with a total length of more than 730 kilometers and a drainage area of ??78,700 square kilometers. The Ziya River passes through the Xihe Gate to the Huinan Canal in Eleven Forts of Tianjin City, where it joins the Daqing River in the Sixth Fort, and then joins the North Canal at Jingangqiao. The other is discharged from the Duliujia River into the sea. The total length is 474 kilometers (to Haikou), and the drainage area is 46,000 square kilometers (to Xian County). After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ziya New River was opened below Xianxian County and entered the Bohai Sea through Beidagang, Tianjin City to reduce flooding.

2. Northern source Hutuo River originates from the northern foot of Wutai Mountain in Fanzhi County, Shanxi Province. It receives Muma River, Qingshui River, Ye River, etc. along the way, and flows out of Taihang Mountain into the plain at Huangbizhuang. It flows through Dai County, Yuanping County and Xinzhou Basin, and enters Pingshan County, Hebei Province at Yanjiazhuang, Yu County. After being regulated by Gangnan and Huangbizhuang reservoirs, it flows through the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway and Shijiazhuang and Hengshui cities, and enters Daqi Village in Raoyang From the Xianxian pan-area to the confluence of the Xianxian hub and the Fuyang River, the total length of the main stream is 588 kilometers and the total drainage area is 24,690 square kilometers.

3. The Fuyang River in the south originates from the east side of Taihang. There are many tributaries in the upper source, including the Shahe River and the Minghe River. After entering the plain, it goes eastward near Aixinzhuang, where the Laozhang River joins the Xiaozhang River. It enters and forms the main stream of Fuyang River, with a total length of 402 kilometers. Historically, Fuyang River was the main shipping line from Handan to Tianjin.

IV. Ecological characteristics Ziya River phytoplankton biomass and composition (mg/L): total phytoplankton 9.50, diatoms 41.7%, green algae %27.8, cyanobacteria 2.5%, dinoflagellates 23.6%, Chrysophycoxanthellae 0%, Euglena 4.4%.

5. Current situation Due to the drought in North China in recent years, some river sections in Tianjin have been drying up all year round. Yong-ting River

Yong-ting River

The largest in Beijing, China River, one of the five major tributaries of Haihe River. The upper reaches originate from the Sanggan River in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, and the Yanghe River originates from the Inner Mongolia Plateau in Huailai County, Hebei Province. It flows to Guanting and is named Yongding River, with a total length of 650 kilometers and a drainage area of ??50,800 square kilometers. It flows through Shanxi and Hebei provinces and Beijing and Tianjin cities into the Haihe River and empties into the Bohai Sea. The main tributaries include Huliu River, Yanghe River, Guishui River, Qingshui River, etc. The Yongding River Basin is prone to heavy rains and floods, as well as severe spring droughts. The upstream Loess Plateau has low forest coverage, serious water and soil erosion, turbid river water, and sedimentation, forming an "above ground river" over time. The riverbed changes frequently. The characteristics of good siltation, good decision-making and good migration are similar to those of the Yellow River, so it is called "Little Yellow River" and "Hun River". Because of its unpredictable migration, it is also called the "Wuding River". In the 37th year of Emperor Kangxi's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1698), the current name was changed after large-scale renovation of river channels in the plain area. In 1954, the Guanting Reservoir with a water storage capacity of more than 2.2 billion cubic meters was built, which basically controlled the upstream floods.

The Yongding River originates from Guanlui Mountain in Ningwu County, Shanxi Province, flows through Inner Mongolia and Hebei, turns into Hebei via Beijing, and joins the Haihe River in Tianjin to Tanggu where it flows into the Bohai Sea. The Yongding River has a total length of 548 kilometers. After flowing into Shijingshan District from Sanjiadian in Mentougou District, it flows through Wulituo, Mayu, Pangcun, Shuitun and other places, and flows south through Yamenkou Village into Fengtai District.

The Yongding River was called Bathwater in ancient times, Sanggan River in the Sui Dynasty, and Lugou in the Jin Dynasty. The flood season is from July to August every year. The river flows rapidly from the Yanshan Gorge, with cliffs on both sides. The height difference is 320:1, and the maximum flow rate is about 5,200 cubic meters per second. The river water carries a large amount of sediment and is turbid, with an annual mud content of 31.2 million tons. In the Yuan and Ming dynasties, it had other names such as Hun River and Xiao Huang River. Due to the unpredictable migration of the river, it is commonly known as the Wuding River. It has left many old paths in history. Among them, there are three large-scale ancient roads close to Beijing: the first ancient ancient road flows eastward from the Yamenkou, turns northeast along the north side of Babaoshan, passes through Haidian, and follows the Qinghe River eastward to join the Wenyu River. The second old road before the Western Han Dynasty flows eastward from the Yamenkou, passes through Tiancun and Zizhuyuan, enters the "sea" in the city from near Deshengmen, turns southeast, and flows out of the city through Zhengyangmen, Xianyukou, Hongqiao, and Longtan Lake. . Article 3 The old route from the Three Kingdoms to the Liao Dynasty runs from the Marco Polo Bridge area, through Kandan Village and Nanyuan to Maju Bridge. According to historical records, this old road lasted for more than 900 years. It was not until the 37th year of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1698) that the river channel was further dredged and the banks were reinforced, and the historical name Wuding River was changed to Yongding River.

Yongding River, formerly known as Wuding River, is one of the seven major river systems in the Haihe River Basin and the largest river in the Hebei System. The basin area is 47,016 square kilometers, of which the mountainous area is 45,063 square kilometers and the plain area is 1,953 square kilometers. The Yongding River has a total length of 747 kilometers, flowing through the three provinces of Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Hebei, the two municipalities directly under the Central Government, Beijing, and Tianjin, and 43 counties and cities in Japan. The entire basin covers an area of ??47,000 square kilometers. There are two major tributaries of the Yongding River in the upper reaches of the Yongding River, the Sanggan River and the Yang River, which converge at Zhuguantun, Huailai County, Hebei Province. The following river sections are called the Yongding River, which merge into the Guishui River in Yanqing County, and flow into the Guanting Mountain Gorge (from Guanting Reservoir to Sanjia) through the Guanting Reservoir. store area). The river from Guanting to Zhuguantun is 30 kilometers long, and the Guanting Mountain Gorge river is 108.7 kilometers long. It flows into the plain at Sanjiadian in Mentougou.

From Sanjiadian to the mouth of Tianjin, the total length of the river is about 200km. The water conservancy system divides it into four sections from Sanjiadian to Marco Polo Bridge, Marco Polo Bridge to Lianggezhuang, Yongding River Flood Area and Yongding Xinhe River.

Water conservancy facilities include Guanting Reservoir, Zhuwo Reservoir, Luopoling Reservoir, and Sanjiadian Water Conservancy Project.

Current situation:

Since the 1980s, Beijing has been in short supply of water resources. In order to meet urban water needs, almost all the water from the Yongding River above three stores is introduced into the urban area, leaving more than 700 people below three stores. The kilometer-long river has been cut off for many years, and the land on both sides of the river has become desertified. In recent years, sand and stone mining has been rampant in the Yongding River, resulting in ravines throughout the river and exposed riverbeds. Every winter and spring, the northwest wind flows down the river, and the capital is suddenly filled with wind and sand. . Because there is no water to replenish the Yongding River and severe overexploitation of groundwater, the Quaternary groundwater in western Beijing has completely dried up, and the ecosystem of the Yongding River has been severely damaged.