Nightmare (nightmare), grinding teeth, involuntary laughter, involuntary beating of muscles or limbs, etc. These paroxysmal abnormal behaviors do not appear in the whole night's sleep, but mostly occur in a certain sleep period. For example, sleepwalking and night terrors often occur in the late stage of normal sleep, while in the middle stage of normal sleep, even early speech, grinding teeth, involuntary laughter, muscle or limb beating, etc. Are more common in the early stage of normal sleep, and nightmares often appear in the early stage of parasomnia.
Hazards of Sleep Disorder: Long-term insomnia will cause decreased immune function, weakened resistance, decreased memory, work and study, and autonomic nervous dysfunction. Frequent insomnia can lead to Alzheimer's disease. Frequent insomnia can lead to premature aging and shorten life expectancy. Insomnia in children will affect growth and development.
Sleep disorders can be improved by the combination of psychotherapy and drug therapy, but sleep disorders caused by other diseases depend on the elimination reasons.
Sleep disorders: common problems and solutions
The Global Sleep and Health Program sponsored by the International Mental Health Organization launched a global activity in 20001year-March 2 1 day, the first day of spring every year, was designated as "World Sleep Day". One third of a person's life is spent in sleep, and not sleeping for five days will affect his survival. It can be seen that sleep is one of the important physiological needs of people. Sleep is a necessary process of life, an important link of body recovery, integration and memory consolidation, and an indispensable part of health. According to the data of the World Health Organization, 27% people have sleep problems. Professor Pan Jiyang has been engaged in clinical research on anxiety, depression and sleep disorders for many years, and was invited to write for this magazine to answer the public's concerns about sleep disorders.
One of the most common health problems encountered by mental workers is insomnia. Serious people start to worry as soon as it gets dark. "I wonder if I can sleep today?" In winter, the days are short and the nights are long, and it's hard to sleep for a long night. Many people may become doctors after a long illness and attribute their sleep problems to neurasthenia. But the doctor pointed out that sleep disorder and neurasthenia cannot be equated. At present, there is no good treatment for neurasthenia, but simple sleep disorder can be adjusted through treatment.
Dr. Gu, director of the psychological counseling clinic of Chaoyang Hospital, said that insomnia is just a symptom. In addition to neurasthenia, people who are depressed and anxious may also have this symptom. If you don't look for the reasons carefully, you will subjectively put yourself in a group of neurasthenia, which is likely to delay the treatment to restore a good sleep.
A questionnaire survey of 10,000 people on World Sleep Day shows that 45% of China people have different degrees of sleep disorders. Sleep disorders have two manifestations. One is that it is difficult to sleep. If you can't sleep after lying in bed for 30 minutes and it lasts for a while, there may be something wrong. In addition, sleep disorders are also reflected in sleep maintenance. Some people often wake up at three or four in the morning and can't sleep anymore, or wake up several times after a night's sleep, which is also a kind of sleep disorder.
There are many external causes of sleep disorders, and environmental factors are very important. Too bright and noisy rooms, or heating in winter and too dry indoor air will affect people's sleep quality. In addition, more patients suffer from work stress, fatigue and always thinking about unpleasant things in life, which hinders a good sleep.
Overcoming sleep disorders should start from these aspects. First, give yourself a comfortable sleeping space. The bed should be comfortable. It is best to hang curtains with good shading effect in the bedroom. At the same time, seal the doors and windows to avoid the noise outside disturbing your rest. Second, the winter climate is dry, and putting a humidifier in the bedroom will play a good role in sleep. Put a glass of water by the bed. In case you are thirsty at night, you don't have to get up to find water to drink, and you won't be sleepy. Third, don't take drugs that excite the central nervous system before going to bed. Coffee, strong tea and chocolate are all foods that should not be chosen before going to bed. Some people think that drinking a little wine can help them sleep, but it's not. Many people feel weak and dizzy after waking up from alcohol. It is alcohol that reduces the quality of sleep.
According to Dr. Gu, there are not many patients who really suffer from neurasthenia and insomnia in outpatient clinics. On the contrary, many people classify themselves as neurasthenia because of depression or anxiety. As long as these patients find the real cause of insomnia, prescribe the right medicine, take some antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs and cooperate with psychotherapy, they can completely extricate themselves from insomnia.
The doctor reminded that if you want to sleep well, you must develop good sleep hygiene habits and sleep regularly on time. Patients with sleep disorders should not take medicine by themselves, but should take medicine under the guidance of a doctor.
Q: I often have insomnia. When I see a doctor, the doctor always gives me sleeping pills. Excuse me: If you often take sleeping pills, will you become addicted?
A: Due to the strong addiction of sleeping pills of the older generation and the publicity of various popular science books, many clinicians and patients are worried that taking sleeping pills will be addictive, and patients refuse to take sleeping pills to improve their sleep, which makes it difficult to solve the insomnia problem.
Whether taking sleeping pills is addictive depends on the specific situation of the patient. At present, clinicians and patients have a misunderstanding about sleeping pills, thinking that as long as they eat sleeping pills, they will become addicted. In fact, the drug addiction of a new generation of benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia is only an individual phenomenon. At the same time, clinicians can help patients prevent drug addiction according to the clinical pharmacological characteristics of drugs.
At the meeting of the European Society of Neuropsychiatry held in Paris, France from 65438 to 0998, 73 internationally recognized psychiatrists specializing in clinical psychopharmacology and drug therapy believed that the dependence of a new generation of therapeutic doses of benzodiazepines was not an important clinical problem for patients with simple insomnia. About 90% experts believe that gradually stopping drug will obviously relieve withdrawal symptoms, while short-term use (2-4 weeks) is almost independent and it is difficult to stop drug use. Yuri Hess, a professor of psychiatry at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine in the United States, believes that clinicians and patients mistakenly equate long-term treatment with addiction, which leads to patients refusing to take medicine and unable to carry out effective treatment, which affects the improvement of patients' condition. In fact, about 10% of patients with chronic insomnia have to take medicine to improve their sleep.