(2) The branches are bent and shaped, and wooden sticks, bamboo poles, iron bars, hard plastic pipes and iron pipes with appropriate thickness are used as supports, and the trunks of young trees are wound on the supports to make them bend according to the requirements of shaping. If it is an iron pipe, it is best to wrap cloth, hemp skin and other insulation on the surface. This method can only be used for 2 ~ 3 young trees with soft branches. After bending, tie them firmly with a rope. Tie 1 ~ 2 years later, remove the sticks, they will naturally bend and form a beautiful tree.
(3) The dried tears and cut plastic apple trees collected from orchards and Shan Ye have different shapes. For the upper part with good shape, the trunk lacks quaint, ancient and beautiful feeling, so it can be torn or carved, that is, a piece of bark is stripped vertically and irregularly in the middle and lower part of the trunk to expose xylem, or the bark and part of xylem are torn off by hand at the place to be thinned to expose the wooden groove, or13 xylem is removed with a sharp knife or electric drill in the middle and lower part of the trunk, and it is exposed after scarring. The area and location of tearing should be determined according to the needs of tree potential and modeling. Trees are flourishing, with large area and many parts, and vice versa. Finally, the wound must heal, and no traces of man-made wounds can be left.
(4) Plastic pruning, which is an application of Lingnan School bonsai in apples. The specific method is to cut off a considerable part of the trunk when the young apple trees grow to a certain thickness, and keep a few branches at appropriate positions and angles, and the remaining branches are of different lengths. When the remaining branches grow to a certain thickness, they should be cut again, and the branches of 1 ~ 2 should be kept and cut short to promote branching, and the branches should be cut off and stored year after year to form thick branches and thin branches. This method can also be used to collect and eliminate stumps with upright trunks, thick trunks and high branching points in apple orchards, and to cut and store branches, keeping some trunks and stems, or grafting after re-sprouting, and cutting and storing branches for many times to form a new tree shape.
(5) Flattening and shaping, which is a common method for apple modeling. At present, most apple branches are tied with metal wires, because most varieties of apple branches are soft, tough and not easy to break. Generally, before May every year, the branches of 1 ~ 3 years old are moderately knotted to form a certain shape, which is also beneficial to the formation of flower buds. After a growing season, the metal wire can be removed. When winding, it is necessary to select a metal wire with appropriate thickness, fix the starting point, hold the metal wire and the branch with your thumb and forefinger, so that the metal wire and the branch form a 45 angle, and slowly wind the taut metal wire close to the bark of the branch with appropriate winding density. Also pay attention to the direction of wire winding. If you want to bend the branch to the right, the wire should be wound clockwise; If bent to the left, the wire will be wound counterclockwise. If you encounter thick branches, you can use double-stranded steel wire to wrap them without proper steel wire thickness (generally, the steel wire thickness is 65438+ 0/3 of the base thickness of flat branches) to strengthen the tension. The winding direction of the wires winding branches on the trunk must be the same as that of the original wires winding the trunk. The winding sequence is coarse first, then fine, and then the lower branch and the upper branch. After winding, if the trunk needs to be bent, bend the trunk first and then the branches, and move forward from bottom to top in turn. Don't bend too hard lest the branches break. It is necessary to make the inner side of the bending part have no metal wire, and the outer side is just on the metal wire, so that the branches can be protected and the bent branches are not easy to break. After the bending of the branches is completed, we should proceed from the whole and make some adjustments to the dissatisfied shapes from a distance. If the branches are too long and the tree shape is not beautiful, the branches can be bent and shortened to obtain the ideal effect.
6) Root-lifting modeling, which is characterized by arching the pot soil at the root of the tree, is like the giant claws of a dragon supporting the whole plant, making it look old and simple, with tenacious vitality. (1) Rooting the seedlings and sowing the apple rootstock seeds in the soil. It is best to choose rootstocks with developed lateral roots and strong lateral roots. When the seedlings grow to 10 ~ 20cm, dig out and cut off the taproots and plant them in seedbeds or pots. The depth of the basin should exceed the length of the root, and the management of fertilizer and water should be strengthened to make the lateral roots grow well. The next spring, dig out the plant and choose to leave lateral roots, which should be odd. When planting, first spread a little culture soil on the bottom of the pot, hold the seedlings in your left hand, shovel a little soil into the pot with a spatula in your right hand, then separate the surrounding roots and erect the tree in the pot. When the pot soil is about 65,438+0/3, the seedlings are lifted upward to straighten the roots, and then the pot soil is loaded.
In the third spring, see the roots grow to the required length. If the required length has been reached or exceeded, the root tip should be cut off to promote the root to grow thick and grow fibrous roots, and the fibrous roots at the upper part of the root should be cut off. When planting, lift the fork of the tree root about 3 cm away from the soil to avoid lifting it too high at a time. In the future, with the growth of apple trees, change pots according to this method every year. When planting in the border, the plants should be dug up every year. When digging, the soil platform at the root should not be scattered. When planting, the soil platform should be about 3 cm above the ground. After planting, the roots should be watered. Over time, the terrace disappears, and the roots are naturally exposed. The roots need to be raised year after year. Generally, it can serve in 3 ~ 4 years. There are various forms of root cultivation, which can be divided into three pillars or the roots can be woven together. Some bare roots are longer than tree trunks and have different shapes. While lifting the roots, we should also process and shape the branches. (2) Rooting from the old pile. For apple rootstocks on wild hillsides, after years of rain erosion, there are also plants with better roots. In the eliminated orchard, you can also choose old trees with roots. After the stump is taken back, after pruning and maintenance, the roots should be properly left longer, usually three or five roots can be left, and then planted in deep soil pots or special wooden boxes. After surviving and growing normally, the roots should be watered frequently to make them gradually exposed.