Lycium barbarum, also known as Lycium barbarum, is a thorny shrub. It is produced in Qaidam Basin, Haixi Prefecture, Qinghai Province, and mainly distributed in the Gobi Desert of Xiangride, Nomuhong, Delingha and Golmud in dulan county. The latitude is 35 ~ 38, the altitude is 2600 ~ 3300m, the annual rainfall is 30 ~ 80mm, and the annual average temperature is 4.6 ~ 4.8℃. The unique environment makes Lycium barbarum sunny, cold-resistant, drought-resistant, alkali-resistant, barren-resistant and has high nutritional value. It is best to plant it in weak alkaline sandy loam with fertile terrain, high dryness and good drainage, and its natural life is 40-60 years. Up to now, there are still a large number of primary Lycium barbarum forests in Haixi area, which are precious wild health care products resources. According to the survey, the annual income per mu of red Lycium barbarum is between 3000-8000 yuan according to different regions, and the benefit of black Lycium barbarum is expected to be more than 10 times higher than that of red Lycium barbarum. According to the analysis and comparison of scientific researchers in recent years, each Lycium barbarum in high-yield period can produce fresh fruit 1.5-3.5 kg and dried fruit 0.3-0.8 kg per year. The yield of fresh fruit per mu of Lycium barbarum (based on the reasonable density of 550 plants per mu) can reach 800- 1 100 kg, the output of dried fruit is about 200 kg, and the annual net income per mu is more than 50,000-80,000 yuan.
Nursery can be carried out in spring and autumn, and sandy loam with flat terrain, good drainage, good irrigation conditions, convenient transportation and deep soil layer should be selected as the nursery ground. Remove the grass roots from the nursery, apply decomposed farm manure, preferably sheep manure, and apply 20-30 kg of NPK compound fertilizer according to the amount of 2000 kg per mu, and rake the ground in time after fertilization. The seedbed is a low bed with a bed width of 1.2m and a bed height of 15cm, and a working channel with a width of 40cm is reserved between the two beds for walking management. Irrigate the seedbed before sowing, and sow in 2-3 days after irrigation. Disinfect the seeds with potassium permanganate solution before sowing, then spread the seeds evenly on the bed at the dosage of 0,8-10.5 kg per mu, and cover them with fine sand of 1- 1 0.5 cm. Spray clean water on the sand surface every two days or so until the seedlings appear. In addition, drilling and hole sowing can also be used. You can also use containers to grow seedlings in the greenhouse, and when the seedlings are about 20 cm high, they can be moved out of the greenhouse and planted in the ground.
Cuttings can also be carried out before germination in spring and autumn. Select 1 year-old tendril branches or stout branches with full buds on excellent single plants, cut into cuttings with the length of 18-20 cm, insert the cuttings obliquely into the whole border, and compact firmly. Pay attention to frequent watering to keep the soil moist, and the general survival rate is about 85%.
Cultivate seedlings in the greenhouse
In addition, the root system of Lycium barbarum fruit is developed and the root system has strong shading ability. By cutting off the taproot, many new seedlings can be shaded around the taproot and cultivated after tillering.
3. Planting density: After our research, it is suggested that the reasonable planting density of Lycium barbarum is 440-700 plants per mu. It can be cultivated reasonably according to the row spacing of 1.5 (or 1.2) meters and the plant spacing of 1 (or 0.8) meters, which will not affect the growth and fruit picking of Lycium barbarum and will not waste land resources.
4. Field management: combine weeding all year round, loosen the soil in time and water it appropriately according to the land situation. Full base fertilizer is applied in March every year, and scientific topdressing is carried out at the end of June and August. Nitrogen fertilizer was mainly applied in the early stage, and phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were applied in the later stage.
Pruning of Lycium barbarum seedlings
5, plastic, pruning:
Black Lycium barbarum bears fruit in three years, and enters the full fruit stage in five years, and must be finalized three years before planting. In the year of planting, all branches are cut short at a height of about 30-40 cm, leaving 4-5 well-developed main branches as the first layer, and then leaving a layer every 30-40 cm, leaving 3-5 main branches on each layer. Finally, the whole tree is trimmed into three to four layers of umbrella, and on this basis, it is properly trimmed and reshaped every year. After such pruning and shaping, each Lycium barbarum can have dozens of fruiting backbone branches, which can relatively maintain the yield. Pruning is very important to improve yield and cultivate large fruit Lycium barbarum.
6. Harvesting and processing: Harvesting of Lycium barbarum should be between awn seed and autumnal equinox. Pick ripe fruits in time and dry them in the shade or in the sun. Should not be exposed to the sun, so as to avoid excessive drying, be careful not to rub with your hands, so as not to affect the quality. When it is rainy in summer, it can be dried with warm fire.
Lycium barbarum has blossomed.
Third, the economic benefit analysis
The annual income per mu of red Lycium barbarum is between 3000 and 8000 according to different regions, and the benefit of black Lycium barbarum is expected to be more than 10 times higher than that of red Lycium barbarum. According to the analysis and comparison of some researchers in Jiaobaoxing, Gansu and Qinghai, the annual output of Lycium barbarum in high-yield period is 65438+ 0.5-2.5 kg of fresh fruit, 0.3-0.8 kg of dried fruit, and 550 kg of Lycium barbarum per mu. According to Jiao Baoxing, an expert in Lycium barbarum research in Gansu Province, when the market price per kilogram of dried Lycium barbarum fruit is not lower than that of 800 yuan, the net profit per mu of Lycium barbarum can reach more than 83,000 yuan. With the continuous development of Lycium barbarum market, there is still room for its price to rise. It has good planting and popularization prospects.
Wolfberry fruit
Four, pest control and identification of true and false Lycium barbarum
Lycium barbarum is native to Gobi saline-alkali land in Qaidam basin with harsh natural conditions and has strong disease resistance. The main diseases are aphids, powdery mildew, black fruit disease, root rot and so on. Antibacterial drugs such as carbendazim or mancozeb can be used in spring and rainy season. When the above diseases occur, Bordeaux solution or 50% carbendazim 1000 times solution can be sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. At the initial stage of root rot, 50% carbendazim 1000 ~ 1500 times solution can be used to control root rot. Before flowering and fruiting, carbendazim, Bordeaux mixture and zineb are used as the main drugs, or a variety of drugs are used alternately, and sprayed/kloc-0 times a week, or immediately after rain. If aphids, soil lice and other pests occur, 40% dimethoate EC 1000- 1500 times, 50% malathion EC 1000-2000 times or 50% krill EC1000-0 can be sprayed.
At present, the fake Lycium barbarum on the market is mainly produced in Nitraria tangutorum around Qaidam basin, and the two are similar in color, so it is difficult to see them without careful observation. The price of Nitraria fruit is much lower than that of Lycium barbarum, and its health care value is not great. Many unscrupulous vendors directly sell Nitraria fruit as black wolfberry, deceiving customers who have never seen black wolfberry. So how to tell? It can be identified by looking, pinching and tasting. "Look" is to look at their seeds. There are many small seeds in the fruit of Lycium barbarum, but there is only one big seed in the fruit of Nitraria tangutorum. The small seed is Lycium barbarum. Second, look at its shape. Black Lycium barbarum is oblate with short axis and long diameter, while Nitraria tangutorum is rectangular with long axis and short diameter, and oblate is black Lycium barbarum. Pinch can be made into powder by hand. Black wolfberry fruit, while Nitraria fruit is not easily crushed because of its high sugar content. "Tasting" means putting the fruit in your mouth to taste. Nitraria tangutorum has high sugar content and sweet taste. The sweetness of Lycium barbarum is not as high as that of Nitraria tangutorum, and the sweetness is small. Generally, the above methods can be used to distinguish between true and false black wolfberry.
Planting technology pays attention to China organic agriculture network.