Xanthoceras sorbifolia seed coat is thick and oily, so it is difficult to absorb water. Before sowing, it needs to be buried in mixed sand to accelerate germination. From the end of 10 to the beginning of soil freezing on 1 0, soak the seeds in clear water for 4 ~ 5 days (change the water1time every day), and then mix the wet sand (hold it in your hand and let it go). The mixing ratio of seeds and sand is 1: 3. Dig a ditch with a depth of 1 m and bury it outdoors, and take it out 15 d before sowing the next year for accelerating germination and sowing. Before sowing in spring, the seeds without sand can be scalded with hot water at 80℃ for 65,438+00 min, washed twice with clear water, mixed with three times of river sand, placed indoors, kept at room temperature above 25℃, and turned 65,438+0 ~ 2 times a day, and 85% of the seeds can be sown in about 5 days.

The sowing time is from mid-April to early May, and the sowing amount is 225 kg/h ㎡.

Selection of nursery land and soil preparation method

Xanthoceras sorbifolia seedlings are afraid of wet water, so the nursery should choose a plot with high terrain, good drainage and no water accumulation. Before sowing, comprehensively arrange the nursery, apply a small amount of decomposed farmyard manure and mix well.

Sowing method

Sowing with furrow on the bed surface, with row spacing 15cm, furrow depth of 4cm and plant spacing 15cm. Water should be poured on the soles of feet before sowing, and the umbilical cord should be laid flat when sowing to facilitate rooting. After covering soil for 2 ~ 3 cm, the bed surface should be leveled and watered once.

Post-sowing management

Keep the soil on the bed surface moist after sowing. Xanthoceras sorbifolia seedlings are afraid of waterlogging, so it is beneficial to the root system development of seedlings to water less and loosen the soil frequently after emergence. Nursery land is fertile, so we should apply less nitrogen fertilizer and more phosphorus fertilizer. According to the root growth law of Xanthoceras sorbifolia seedlings, topdressing should be early, the topdressing time should be early June, and the application rate of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be 45 kg/hm ㎡. Regularly loosen the soil and weed, increase the ground temperature and accelerate the growth of seedlings. Frost first and then pour frozen water, pay attention to cold protection.

Seedling growth

Emerge from 10 ~ 15d after sowing. The average height of the seedlings sown in that year was 77.9 cm and the ground diameter was 0.9 cm.

Afforestation technology

Subalkaline soil with deep soil layer, moist and fertile soil, good ventilation, no stagnant water and pH value of 7.5 ~ 8.0 should be selected for afforestation. Carbonate chernozem, sandy loam and sandy soil can be selected in this area.

Seedling planting

Afforestation in spring is carried out after soil thawing and before germination, and seedlings are planted. The plant spacing is 2m×3 m, 1666 plants /hm ㎡. Take hole planting, hole length, hole width and hole depth of 40cm, apply 3 kg of decomposed base fertilizer to each hole and mix it evenly with soil. Don't hurt the roots when raising seedlings. When planting, we should straighten the seedlings and lengthen the roots. The roots of seedlings should be exposed to the surface 1 ~ 2 cm, and should not be higher than the roots when raising seedlings. After cultivating the soil, fix the water tray, water it in time, and cover the soil after watering.

Tending management

After planting, you should always loosen the soil, weed and intertillage, weed for more than 3 times, and intertillage in time after weeding.

The roots and tillers of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge have strong germination ability, which affects the growth and crown shape. Therefore, it is necessary to combine intertillage weeding and remove tillers at any time to prevent the formation of clumps, which will affect the tree potential and fruit yield.

Pruning Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge began to blossom and bear fruit after afforestation for 3 years. In order to facilitate fruit harvesting, the stem should be fixed in time before germination, and the height of the stem should be about 80cm. Three or four main branches with vigorous growth and uniform distribution at the top should be selected, and the rest should be cored or cut off, so that the opening angle of the main branches is large, the distribution is uniform and the crown is semicircular. Pruning in winter mainly involves pruning main branches and various fruiting branches, and removing dense branches, overlapping branches, cross branches, twigs and diseases and pests. When pruning, be careful not to cut off all the branches of the year, otherwise the yield will be reduced.

Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge produces obvious fruit every year, generally after the New Year, with 1 ~ 2 years. If fertilizer and water are properly managed, the gap between annual output and perennial output can be narrowed and the output can be increased. The measures are topdressing nitrogen fertilizer before flowering and applying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during fruit expansion to protect flowers and fruits; Appropriate irrigation should be given during the period of new shoot growth, flowering and fruit setting and fruit expansion to promote growth and development and obtain stable and high yield. The experiment shows that reasonable fertilization and irrigation can increase the yield by more than 30%.