Shatangju is native to Xinhui City, Guangdong Province, so it is also called Sihui Orange. Shatangju has the characteristics of early fruiting, high yield and sweet taste, which is suitable for the consumption habits of China people. Its market price is 1-2 times higher than other oranges. The main techniques of planting management of Shatangju are introduced as follows.
First, choose healthy seedling pure varieties without pests and diseases. Early-maturing strains have good quality and high yield. The seedlings with trifoliate orange as rootstock are dwarfed, bearing early fruits and high yield, and the seedlings with lime as rootstock are upright and prosperous, and put into production late. The height of the seedlings is more than 40 cm, the thickness is more than 0.5 cm, there are no quarantine diseases and insect pests (canker and Huanglongbing), the fibrous roots are developed, and the scion has good affinity with the rootstock.
Second, choose the right place and plant it reasonably close. Sedum morifolium can grow and bear fruit normally when planted in a kind of soil, but it needs moist and fertile soil environment to grow fast, bear fruit early and achieve high and stable yield. Therefore, paddy fields, early fields, river alluvial lands and gully lands with convenient transportation, sufficient water sources, convenient irrigation and drainage, and deep, loose and fertile soil should be selected for the development of Shatangju. In order to achieve the goal of high yield in the early stage, we planted 200-300 plants per mu in fertile paddy fields and dry land, with the row spacing of 2m× 1.5m or 2m× L, and planted about 100 plants per mu in mountainous areas with the row spacing of 3× 2m. Production practice has proved that dwarf and close planting is an important technical measure to realize early fruiting and high yield of Shatangju. After years of high yield, the close planting garden appeared cross shading and then thinning.
Third, the planting method. In our county, Shatangju is usually planted in February-March in spring. Shatangju can be developed in paddy fields with fertile soil and deep soil layer and alluvial soil along the river. Can be planted in shallow pits, paddy fields should be in rows. Deep pits 1m square should be dug in dry land and sloping land with poor soil, and sufficient base fertilizer should be prepared. 3 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 5 kg of lime, garbage mud or pond mud 100 kg, and 30-50 kg of pig, cow and chicken manure are applied to each pit. When filling the pit, mix the fertilizer with the soil, and then fill it back into the pit to make a tree tray about 20 cm above the ground. Before planting, cut off some branches and leaves of seedlings to reduce water evaporation, cut off main roots and try to keep fibrous roots. When planting, dig a shallow pit, let the fibrous roots stretch naturally, and then return to the soil for compaction. The height of buried soil should not exceed the joint. After planting, cover the tree tray with straw or other weeds and water the roots. Within one month of planting, the soil near the root system should be kept moist, with high temperature, long sunshine and no rain, and watered every day. When it rains, the soil is wet, so there is no need to water it.
Fourth, the management of young trees.
1, fertilizer and water management. Young tree management takes fertilizer and water management as the core, which promotes root growth, branches grow early and quickly, and crowns grow early. After 40 days of planting, new roots begin to grow, which can be diluted by 2-3 times with decomposed manure, and applied once every 10 ~ 15 days, with 5-1 0 kg per plant. With the growth of young trees, the concentration and dosage of manure water should be gradually increased, and urea should be properly added to dissolve in manure water for spraying. From the second year of planting, the number of fertilization can be reduced, and the amount of manure and chemical fertilizer can be increased each time, with 30 kg of manure and 3 liang of urea applied each time. Stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and manure in September, apply potassium fertilizer once, and apply half a catty of potassium chloride to each plant to promote flower bud differentiation. At the same time, we should pay attention to soil moisture management.
2, plastic trimming. The purpose of shaping is to make the skeleton of Shatangju tree reasonable and the branches evenly distributed, which is beneficial to ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional fruit, reducing pests and diseases, and laying the foundation for early fruit and high yield. Heteromorphous Saccharum usually adopts a natural happy shape. The method is to cut the trunk by 40cm after planting, let it germinate, and then select three branches in different directions as the main technology. The main technology is that it forms an angle of 45 with the vertical line of the trunk, and the main branch is too upright, so it is necessary to widen the branch angle with ropes. When the main branch is mature, cut it 30cm, and then select three auxiliary branches in different directions on the main branch. This method can be used later. Erect branches planted on backbone branches such as main branches and auxiliary branches should be cut off, and weak branches should be properly retained as auxiliary branches. Shatangju has strong germination ability and flourishing leaves. Generally, 3-4 branches are left at a time, and all the extra branches are thinned out. In order to make summer buds and autumn buds sprout orderly, it is necessary to control buds by wiping buds, that is, when only sporadic branches sprout in the whole garden, wiping buds stimulates lateral buds to sprout, and only when 80% of the branches sprout in the whole garden can buds be evenly released, which is convenient for pest control.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) bears young trees.
1, fertilizer and water management. Young fruit trees should be applied three times a month: fruit stabilizing fertilizer. Trees consume a lot of nutrients after flowering, so they should be replenished in time. Each tree should be applied with 50 kilograms of manure, or half a kilogram of compound fertilizer and urea. (2) July-August is the period of rapid fruit expansion, which is also the early stage of autumn shoots. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are applied together, and each plant uses compound fertilizer 1 kg, and urea potassium fertilizer is half a kilogram. (3) Collect fruit manure, supplement tree nutrition, restore crown, and apply 50- 100 kg of decomposed manure to each plant. After autumn shoots mature every year, water and fertilizer are applied to control winter shoots and promote flower bud differentiation.
2, reasonable control and pruning. After Shatangju began to bear fruit, its nutritional growth was still relatively prosperous. Spring shoots and summer shoots compete with flowers and young fruits for nutrients, resulting in the phenomenon of falling flowers and fruits. Autumn shoot is the fruiting mother branch of Shatangju. Therefore, the measures of thinning spring shoots, controlling summer shoots and promoting autumn shoots are taken in production. Sparse some spring seedlings to reduce nutrient loss. When the summer buds germinate, all the buds are manually erased, or 500-000ppm paclobutrazol is sprayed to control the germination of the summer buds. In the first half of August, the autumn shoots should be released at one time, and attention should be paid to the prevention and control of pests and diseases to ensure the normal growth of autumn shoots. Young tree pruning is divided into summer pruning and winter pruning. Summer pruning is mainly to cut off straight Z trees, cross branches and insect branches that disturb the tree shape. When pruning in winter, the fruiting branches and fruiting branches should be retracted and pruned to prevent the crown from growing too fast and the branches from premature aging. At the same time, cut off the branches of diseases and pests, horizontal branches and upright branches, and cut off the branches that are too dense at the top of the crown to open the skylight and increase ventilation and light transmission.
3, protect flowers and thin fruits. Too many or even few fruit drops are abnormal, so comprehensive measures should be taken to protect the fruit: (1) thinning some spring shoots and all summer shoots; (2) Timely application of stable monthly fertilizer: (3) Before the first and second physiological fruit drop 10 day, spraying mixed fruit-protecting drugs, adding 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or organic foliar M to 920 in 50 ppm; (4) cutting a circle on the trunk during flowering; (5) pest control. Too many fruit sets will reduce the weight and flavor of a single fruit and affect the sales price. Flowers and fruits should be thinned in time, and flowers should be thinned in bud. Fruit thinning is carried out after the first and second physiological fruit drop. The amount of fruit thinning for the first time is 3 times of the remaining amount, and the amount of fruit thinning for the second time is more than the remaining amount 1/3. Eliminate pests, malformed fruits and immature fruits. The fruit preservation of Shatangju mainly depends on tree potential and fertilizer and water conditions.
Six, pest control
There are many kinds of citrus diseases and insect pests. The following are the main symptoms and prevention methods of several diseases and insect pests:
1, scab. It mainly harms young branches and leaves and young fruits. When the leaves are infected, small spots like water stains begin to appear, and then turn waxy yellow. Fruits often grow many tumor-like protrusions after being damaged. Control method: When spring buds germinate 1 cm, spray 500 times of 50% bactericide or 800 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl. At the end of the second time, 70% thiophanate methyl was sprayed 800 times.
2. Anthrax. Anthracnose is mainly characterized by red spots when it is rainy and hot, and black spots when it is dry, which are annular. Control method: spray 1 ~ 2 times in the tender branch stage and young fruit stage respectively, and use 0.5% bordeaux solution, 500 times solution of 50% bactericide or 800 times solution of 70% thiophanate methyl.
3. Huanglong disease. Main symptoms: In addition to yellowing of the tip of the leaf, the main characteristics to distinguish the disease are: yellowing of the leaf base and leaf margin, irregular yellow-green mottled leaves. Control method: (1) Select disease-free seedlings and plant them in isolation. (2) Strictly control the vector citrus psyllid, carry out pest control treatment at each tender branch stage, and spray omethoate 1000 times, aphid psyllid 2000 times and imidacloprid 2000 times. (3) Remediation of diseased trees, timely excavation and elimination of disease sources. 4. Mites are mainly red spiders and rust ticks. Red spider harms leaves, fruits and shoots, and the damaged leaves lose luster and are gray. Rust ticks mainly harm fruits, resulting in black skin of fruits. Control method of red spider: use Pomei 1 Dose mixture to clear the garden in winter. During the growing season, acaricides such as dicofol, acaroid mites, isocarbophos and propargite can be sprayed in turn, once every 7 ~ 10 days and continuously for 2 ~ 3 times.
Prevention and control of rust ticks: from June every year, observe the population density and immediately spray drugs to prevent and control rust ticks. The drugs used are the same as those used to control red spider.
5. cockroaches. There are mainly flies, shield scales and so on. This will damage branches and fruits, weaken tree vigor, induce soot disease and reduce fruit yield and quality. Control method: clear the garden with 16 ~ 20 times of turpentine mixture in winter, and cut off insect branches. The key point of prevention and control is to spray the first generation nymph twice in the peak period from May to June. The chemicals used are: 40% omethoate 500-800 times and 40% isocarbophos 800 times. These two drugs add 100 times of oil emulsion, and the effect is better. Kill rate 1500 times, quick kill rate 1500 times.
6. Liriomyza huidobrensis. Commonly known as painting insects and ghost symbols, larvae dive under the epidermis of young leaves to feed, forming a white curved wormway on the back of leaves, and the leaves are curled, especially in summer and autumn. Prevention and control methods: wipe off the scattered buds, evenly place the buds, and concentrate on spraying. Spraying the medicine for the first time in summer and autumn when the buds are long, and spraying it again every 7 ~ 10 days, twice each time, can kill the enemy 1500 times. Anlubao 1500 times of spraying and diving ~E 1500 times.