First, a reasonable adaptation of teaching materials, fully prepared
Textbooks are the main tools for students to learn. Reasonable and effective use of teaching materials is also one of the ways to improve students' learning efficiency and realize effective teaching.
1. The contents in the textbook should be taught flexibly and effectively in an informal way to ensure their understanding and acceptance. For example, for students who just started to learn addition and subtraction, addition and subtraction are very abstract concepts, but in the teaching materials, pictures such as birds coming and balloons flying away vividly show the significance of operation. We might as well make rational use of it and spend more time explaining the contents of pictures, so that children can deeply understand the contents of pictures through observation and further understand and master the meaning of addition and subtraction.
We should not confine ourselves to the content of textbooks. We should boldly reform the contents that are not conducive to students' understanding and acceptance, turn abstract mathematical problems into real-life problems, and let students learn with interest and feel that mathematics is around us and interesting. When teaching the application problems of addition and subtraction, it is easy for students to get aesthetic fatigue and lose interest in mathematics learning by means of teaching AIDS or pictures in textbooks. So, I adapted the example into "There are 8 people in our class, and the class next door is 1 1 person. How many people are there in two classes?" Students are interested in introducing familiar phenomena into the classroom and turning them into exercises. At the same time, I will ask them to think for themselves. If one person in our class is absent, what are the numbers of the two classes? Guide students to understand the meaning of addition by constantly changing the known conditions.
3. The practical content in the textbook can be expanded appropriately. For example, in the teaching of understanding RMB, in order to strengthen the exchange relationship between RMB and different currencies, we can find some paper money models for students to practice in class, which not only enhances their interest in learning, but also helps students to understand RMB correctly.
Second, enrich teaching forms and stimulate students' interest in learning
There is no denying that interest is the best teacher. Students with mental retardation have poor cognitive understanding ability, so it is difficult for them to have a good impression on the relatively boring math curriculum. From this point of view, the key step to improve the effectiveness of mathematics classroom teaching is to stimulate the interest of mentally retarded students in learning mathematics.
1, combined with students' existing life experience, cleverly set the teaching situation.
Let students study in vivid and concrete situations, which is conducive to stimulating students' interest in learning and thirst for knowledge. In mathematics teaching, if you simply preach, there will be no communication and interaction between teachers and students, which will inevitably make students feel bored and unable to concentrate effectively. In order to avoid similar situations, we can effectively strengthen students' perceptual knowledge by creating life situations in teaching, and skillfully introduce new knowledge points on this basis to help students understand more abstract mathematical concepts. At the same time, when they see that many troublesome problems in life can be easily solved in math class, it will also stimulate their interest and enthusiasm in learning math.
For example, in the teaching of numeracy, teachers can create such a situation: divide the students in the class into two groups, and the students in the two groups count the students in the other group and record them in a notebook, then transfer one or two students in one group to another group, and then let the students count the students in the two groups. In this way, students can further clarify the concept of number through intuitive and vivid situational activities.
2, hands-on operation, intuitive feeling
As the saying goes, "Seeing is believing, seeing is believing." Teachers should not only impart knowledge to students in class, but also stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning and provide them with opportunities to engage in mathematical activities, so as to help them truly understand and master basic mathematical knowledge and skills, mathematical ideas and methods and gain rich experience in mathematical activities. Students with mental retardation have poor cognitive understanding, and sometimes it may be difficult to achieve teaching results only by teachers' explanations. At this time, we might as well try to get the students to do it.
At first, when teaching carry addition of two digits, students always forgot to add the carry digit to the tenth place, or fell into the digits when they didn't need it, because they couldn't understand the meaning of carry. In this way, we might as well prepare some counting sticks in advance and bundle ten into several bundles. When explaining the exercises, students are required to use a vertical representation with a counting stick next to it, and experience the process of "carrying" by counting the number of sticks. For example, in the formula "26+ 19=", the sum of 6 and 9 is 15, that is, the number of counting bars in the vertical position is 15. It is intuitive to see that 10 in the 15 counting bar should be bundled into a group to carry to ten digits. Through this practical operation, students can clearly "see" the operation process and quickly master the calculation method of binary addition.
3. Visualize abstract knowledge with multimedia.
Students with mental retardation are rigid in thinking. To make them understand abstract mathematical concepts, we should build a good learning platform for them, and let them gradually understand and master knowledge with their own understanding of concrete things in images. For example, when teaching the multiplication problem "There are five basketballs in the shop, how much can a basketball 25 yuan sell * * *", we can use multimedia to display the price and quantity of basketball intuitively, so that students can easily find out the quantitative relationship and calculate in parallel.
4. Practice skillfully and experience the mathematics in life.
Besides cultivating students' interest in learning in teaching, it is also a good way to guide students to apply what they have learned in life.
In the process of teaching graphics, I took my students to do some exercises and asked, "Can you find out what else we learned about shapes in class?" Because of my life experience, my classmates actively answered my questions in class and pointed them out to me. I affirmed their answers one by one and asked them to think about it. What other objects outside the classroom are the shapes we are learning today? Later, the students released the video taken on campus in advance, which made them very excited. When they see that the math knowledge in class can be related to the usual things, they keep pointing and saying that he has seen it and he knows it. Finally, I left homework for them, and when I went home, I went to find out what items at home were in the shape of today's study, so as to consolidate the practice in time and further stimulate their interest in learning.
Third, link mathematics teaching with the teaching of other subjects.
1. Combine mathematics with Chinese to cultivate students' understanding ability of language and writing.
Students with mental retardation generally have poor understanding of words, especially when doing application problems, because they can't understand known conditions and unknown conditions, they often misunderstand. Therefore, in the initial contact with application problems, we should focus on cultivating their ability to understand language and characters, and understand the conditions and problems in the problems. Similarly, when teaching simple application problems, pictures can be used to assist teaching. In addition to improving students' interest in learning and understanding the requirements of the question more intuitively, I will also write the corresponding known conditions while showing pictures for students to read. Seeing with the eyes, reading with the mouth and thinking with the brain, "three-pronged approach" is bound to play a multiplier role in improving students' language understanding ability.
2. Combine math and art classes to cultivate students' practical ability.
In classroom teaching, we should not only pay attention to the cultivation of students' learning ability, but also pay attention to the development of students' practical ability, which is very necessary for students' all-round and healthy development. In particular, long-term math study may make mentally retarded students feel tired. At this time, the content of art class can be introduced into mathematics teaching. For example, in the teaching of graphic understanding, the practice of drawing circles, triangles and other basic graphics in junior art teaching can be introduced into the classroom. Let students draw their own basic figures, then paint their favorite colors and cut them out, which fully exercises students' practical ability, effectively mobilizes students' learning enthusiasm and effectively relieves the fatigue in mathematics learning. Finally, by asking students to introduce the activity forms of their own small works, they can not only exercise their language expression ability, but also further strengthen their understanding of these basic graphic features, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone. However, when cutting graphics, teachers must be present to guide and pay attention to the personal safety of students.
In short, under the guidance of effective teaching concept, as teachers of special education schools, we must constantly explore ways to implement effective teaching in order to improve classroom efficiency and make deaf students develop more comprehensively.