The steps of grape pruning can be divided into "one look, two cuts and three inspections".

1, look

Look at the tree shape, the tree trend, the variety, the maturity of the branches, the relationship between the tree and its neighbors, a reasonable pruning scheme and a good idea. Prepare for cutting.

2. Cut

Look at the tree shape, tree phase and the thickness of branches, and then cut them.

Step 3 check

First, check the pruning of main branches, such as the high occupancy rate of angle and frame surface, and then check the pruning of mother branches in each result part, including the length of pruning, the position and direction of branch group, etc. Finally, it depends on whether the relationship between branches is handled well, because the differences between individual plants should also be solved by pruning.

4. Matters needing attention in winter pruning

(1) Don't leave the stump too long, for example, the trunk branches become thinner and retract. These are relatively large wounds, and the incision should be as smooth as possible, otherwise it will not heal easily. The incision of the annual mother plant should be 2 cm higher than the bud eye.

(2) Pay attention to the angle of the main branch. For example, when the hedge frame is fan-shaped, if the angle of the main vine is not increased, the stable yield and high quality can not be maintained after planting between plants and increasing the spacing between plants. The greater the inclination of the main vine, the more moderate the growth of branches and the larger the triangle at the base, which can improve the ventilation and lighting conditions of the whole frame.

(3) Emphasize cutting and tying, know how to cut and tie, or two people can do it, one is responsible for pruning, the other is responsible for tying, and work together.

Grape is a vine fruit tree, and the main branches and fruiting mother plants are very plastic on the shelf, so they can only be cut but not tied, indicating that the pruning essentials are not mastered. We should use our brains and seriously study the essentials so that the pruning results can lay a good foundation for the high and stable yield of grapes in the coming year.

(4) Winter pruning is combined with yard cleaning, and useless tissues such as dead stumps, diseased branches, ear stalks and tendrils are removed by pruning, as well as cloth strips, plastic threads, etc. left on the iron wire by binding new buds in that year. These pruned sick residues should be taken out of the vineyard for centralized burning.

Second, management methods.

After pruning in winter, 70% to 80% of the winter buds on the mother branches germinate, so we should pay attention to leaving buds at this time. Too many buds are left, which is easy to waste nutrients and make the tree weak, which is not conducive to fruit setting; However, if there are too few buds left, it is easy to promote the vigorous growth of branches and vines, resulting in serious flower and fruit drop, so attention should be paid to taking buds and fixing shoots.

1, Budweiser wipe

Usually, when multiple buds germinate on a fruiting mother branch, one bud is left every 15 ~ 20cm, 2 ~ 5 new shoots are left on each fruiting mother branch, and the rest are erased from the base.

When smearing buds, usually the non-spike buds or weak buds in the double buds are erased, leaving only 1 bud. In order to ensure the yield, when the new shoots grow to 4-5 leaves, it can also be decided whether the first round of silk has spikes, but this will waste more nutrients.

2. Tie the vine with a fixed tip

Before the new shoot blooms, 5 leaves are left above the ear for coring, while 8 leaves are left for coring in the non-flowering new shoot. After coring, a large number of secondary buds will germinate, leaving only 1 ~ 2 secondary buds at the top and 2 leaves for repeated coring, and all other secondary buds will be erased. At the same time, it should be tied according to the growth of vines.

3. Treatment of flower ear and fruit ear

In order to ensure the fruit setting rate, the spike tip of 1/5 is usually removed manually, and 0.3% boron fertilizer and 0.5% urea (or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) are sprayed at flowering stage. On the Sunday after flowering, the ears with more fruits will be artificially thinned and then bagged for protection.

4, intertillage weeding and disease control

When grapes germinate 3 ~ 5 leaves, it is necessary to do a good job of disease prevention and spray 1 time every 7 ~ 10 days, especially after rain, it is necessary to strengthen the protection of spraying drugs and pay attention to intertillage weeding. This period mainly prevents grape black pox, gray mold, rust and so on. Drugs should be used in time for prevention and treatment.

Extended data

The longer the vines are, the more they will bear fruit. What is the solution?

1, control yield and reserve nutrition.

Strictly control the load according to soil fertility, management level, climate, variety and other conditions. Ensure that the fruits and branches are normal and fully mature, and the flower buds are well differentiated, so that the trees can accumulate enough nutrients, which can fully meet the demand for nutrients for growth, flowering, pollination and fertilization in the coming year. ?

2. Apply more organic fertilizer to improve soil fertility.

Applying more organic fertilizer can not only improve soil fertility, but also improve soil aggregate structure, create good environmental conditions for grape growth, increase root absorption capacity, and timely irrigate and drain according to weather and soil conditions. ?

3. Wipe buds, fix branches, pick cores and treat secondary branches in time.

Timely budding and pruning can reduce nutrient consumption, promote the further development of inflorescence, timely enucleate, adjust the relationship between vegetative growth and reproductive growth, make more nutrients flow to inflorescence through enucleation, remove excess inflorescence in time according to expected yield, shape inflorescence, save nutrients, meet the nutrient demand of remaining inflorescences to the maximum extent, and ensure the nutrient demand of flowering, fertilization and pollination. ?

4. Spraying boron fertilizer before flowering

Spraying borax solution for half a month at flowering stage can promote pollen tube germination and elongation, and has obvious effect on improving fruit setting rate, yield and fruit quality. ?

5, girdling at the initial flowering stage

In flowering stage, girdling with double-edged girdling knife or bud grafting knife 3 cm before fruiting branches or at the first internode can improve the fruit setting rate. ?

References:

Changde Agriculture Committee-Grape Pruning Steps and Points for Attention

Ningxiang agricultural information network-key points of grape spring management technology