(1) Variety Source: Splendid Begonia was selected and named by the technical managers of the old orchard in Kailu County in the 1970s from the grafted offspring of small apples, commonly known as Jixinguo. After investigation and observation in 2000, the Economic Forest Room of Tongliao Forestry Research Institute has organized propagation, demonstration and popularization in recent years.

(2) Biological characteristics: The tree of this product has strong growth, thick leaves, erect young branches, easy to grow white, small branch angle, long service life, and it bears fruit late due to improper pruning. Generally, it will bear fruit after 4-5 years of tree cultivation, and it will enter a high-yield period in 6-7 years. In Tongliao area, the flowering, defoliation and germination stages are several days later than 123. After 10 entered the full fruit stage, the secondary opening angle of the tree was larger than 123 and smaller than that of Huang Taiping.

(3) Economic characteristics of the fruit: The average fruit weight of Begonia is about 80g, and the shape of the fruit is wide and conical, with beautiful appearance, yellow color and bright red thick clouds. (See photo for details) The flesh is yellow and white, crisp and juicy, sweet and sour, with rich aroma and excellent quality. Fruit maturity, Tongliao city from the end of August to the end of September, the fruit picking period is long, the picked fruit is palatable, and there is no post-ripening period. Fruits can be preserved for 3-4 months and kept in the fresh-keeping room of the refrigerator until around the Spring Festival. In recent two years, the wholesale price of orchards is about 2.00 yuan/kg, and the retail price of the market is 4-6 yuan/kg. It has been sold to Shenyang, Changchun and other big cities. The average income per mu in the full fruit period is about 5000 yuan.

(4) Key points of cultivation: Begonia is suitable for dwarfing, high grafting and close planting because of its late fruiting. The spacing between trees is 4×5 meters, the fixed trunk is 60-70 cm, and the tree-shaped crown is sparsely layered or freely rotating vertically or delayed opening heart-shaped. Prune more and less in the young tree period, and take branches for many times to open corners, pull branches and circle branches, preferably in early April or mid-September. Special attention should be paid to controlling irrigation during the young tree period to prevent overgrowth, freezing injury and sunburn, and promote lignification management. In spring, especially after high grafting 1-2 years, the branches can be properly thinned in summer and autumn. Pollination varieties K9 or 123 are configured according to the ratio of 1: 5-8. The demand for pollinated varieties is not obvious. For example, there are 3 20-year-old begonia in Laozhangjia Orchard, Maixin Town, Kailu County, with a yield of 300-400 kg, equivalent to 1 10,000 yuan/mu. There are more than 20 begonia plants with a row spacing of 5×6 meters.

When Fraxinus mandshurica is grafted with rootstock, the fruit of 1-2 can be seen at the earliest, which can inhibit excessive growth and improve the ability of resisting Japanese burning. The high grafting position is 1- 1.2 m, and it is best to graft on 3-4 main branches, and the length of the main branches at the top of the mountain is 10-20 cm.

Using Dingzishan+Huang Taiping+Splendid Begonia can bear fruit two years ahead of schedule, and it is easy to achieve high and stable yield. Grafting position: Graft 3-4 buds on the main branch of Huangtaiping 1-2 layer, and keep the main branch of Huangtaiping 10-20cm.

Queena Ding+dwarfing rootstock (GM256)+ begonia, dwarfing the middle part by 20-30 cm, mostly single bud high grafting. Fruits appear in 3 years, and enter the full fruit stage in 5-6 years. The yield per plant is100-150kg. The plant spacing is 3×3 or 4×2-3. For example, in a village in Mingren Township, Naiman Banner, the dwarf beautiful begonia in Yangzhi Shengjia 10 mu of land, 4 mu of which entered the full fruit stage, and the rest were grafted late and just saw fruit. The plant spacing is 3×2.5m, planted in 2004 and bearing fruit in 2006. From 2009 to 20 10, the annual fruit output was 6000 Jin, and the average income per mu in recent two years was about 3000 yuan. Dwarfing culture is suitable for cultivating soil and burying it deeply. Dwarf rootstocks should be cultivated semi-buried, shaped in the early stage, properly chopped, to promote the sprouting of main branches, form a good skeleton, properly thin fruits, control fruit yield, prevent premature aging, strengthen water and fertilizer management, and especially increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

At present, the splendid begonia in Tongliao is cultivated sporadically in many places and belongs to rare and characteristic varieties. The planting area of each orchard is mostly 1-4 mu, and in recent years the planting area is less than 300 mu. The largest area of 20 mu (Yang Xiaowei Family Orchard) is a family sandy orchard contracted by Shao Ping, a mechanized forest farm in Kailu County, with an area of 10 mu, of which 3 mu of splendid begonia is expected to earn 8,000 yuan/mu. According to incomplete statistics, the area entering the high-yield period is less than 50 mu, which is a high-quality small apple with great development potential and good market prospects.

Therefore, the splendid begonia was listed as the first choice for building a high-quality characteristic small apple base by Tongliao Forestry Research Institute.

Since 2005, fruit tree nurseries and research extension units in Tongliao, Siping, Gongzhuling and other places have introduced and propagated, and nearly 200,000 finished begonia seedlings have been cultivated in 2009-20 10. It is estimated that 2-3 thousand mu will be planted in 20 1 1 year. According to the current investigation and analysis, the eugenic area of begonia is in the south-central area of Tongliao City. To develop young tree management in the central and northern regions, attention should be paid to cold prevention and fire prevention; Or adopting high grafting cultivation method, shelter forest must be configured first.