Biology Simulation Questions for the Academic Examination for Junior High School Graduates in Guangzhou

This test paper is divided into two parts: multiple-choice questions and short-answer questions. Full score is 100 points. The exam lasts 60 minutes

1. Multiple-choice questions (2 points each, maximum 60 points)

1. To understand the biological types on campus, the first method to use Yes ( )

A. Exploration method B. Investigation method C. Experimental method D. Data analysis method

2. The structure that human oral epithelial cells do not have is

A. Cell wall B. Chloroplast C. Vacuole D .All three of the above are true

3. The simplest structure of the following organisms is ( )

A. Bacteria B. Animals C. Plants D. Hepatitis virus

4. There is an 80cm male actor in the circus with superb performance skills. He suffers from ( )

A. Rickets B. Dwarfism C. Creatism D. Hypothyroidism

5. Scientists first extracted the nucleus of sheep A’s egg cell, then took out the nucleus of B’s mammary gland cell, and injected the nucleus into the anucleate cell from sheep A. in egg cells. The fused egg cells divide to form an embryo, which is then moved into the uterus of sheep B to continue development. After a while, the lamb was born, and its appearance was ( )

A. Like sheep A B. Like sheep B C. Like both A and B D. Like sheep C

6. Lichens live on rocks and can get the nutrients they need from rocks; lichens can Secretes lichenic acid, which has a corrosive and weathering effect on rocks. This fact shows ( )

A. Organisms can adapt to their environment B. Living things can affect the environment, or the environment can affect living things

C. Living things can affect the environment D. Organisms can both adapt to and influence the environment

7. Italy used the insecticide DDT for the first time in 1943, successfully eradicating rash damage. Since then, DDT has gradually invaded various ecosystems. Please analyze: When DDT enters the ocean, which of the following organisms accumulates the highest amount of DDT? ( )

A. Phytoplankton B. Zooplankton C. Small fish D. Shark

8. Use the following four microscopes to observe the epidermal cells of onion scale leaves. The number of cells in the field of view is the largest. is ( )

Microscope serial number eyepiece objective lens

A 20× 45×

B 15× 10×

C 10× 40 ×

D 5× 8×

9. Among the following steps for making temporary mounting films, their order should be ( )

A. ①②③④ B. ②③④① C. ④②①③ D． ③④②①

10. Among the six major nutrients needed by living organisms, the substance that can provide energy for living things is ( )

A. Protein, water and inorganic salts B. Protein, fat and vitamins

C. Protein, fat and sugar D. Water, inorganic salts and vitamins

11. Among the three types of blood vessels in the human body, the blood flow rate in the lumen is the slowest ( )

A. Arteries b. vein c. Capillaries D. Just as slow

12. The structural levels corresponding to the following figures are ( )

A. Tissue, organ, cell, system, organism B. Organs, systems, tissues, cells, organisms

C. Organs, cells, systems, tissues, organisms D. System, tissue, cell, organism, organ 13. Students in a biology interest group conducted an experiment on "exploring the environmental conditions for corn seed germination". They placed equal amounts of cotton in four beakers A, B, C, and D. Then place 30 corn seeds in the same condition and complete them on top and culture them under different conditions (as shown in the table below).

The first thing to germinate should be the device ( )

The environment where the device seeds are located

A Dry cotton, placed in a dark environment at 25℃

B Moist cotton, placed in a dark environment at 25°C

C Moist cotton, placed in a dark environment at 4°C

D Cotton and seeds are completely immersed in water, placed in a In a dark environment of 10 ℃

14. A blind person found that the structure of his eyeball was intact, but he could not see the surrounding objects. The location of the disease may be ( )

A. Lens B, retina C, vitreous body D, optic nerve and visual center

15. Capillaries are wrapped around the alveoli, which is beneficial to ( )

A. Gas exchange between the lungs and the outside world B. Increase the area of ??the lungs for gas exchange

C. Gas exchange between lungs and blood D. The gas is transported smoothly to the tissue

16. In the following diagram, the structure composed of 1, 4, 3, 2, and 5 is called ( )

A. Neurons b. Reflex arc C. nerve d. Nervous system

17. Classify snails, sea anemones, and spiders into one category, and classify snakes, frogs, and sparrows into one category. This is based on ( )

A. Is the body temperature constant? B. Is there a spine in the body

C. Different methods of fertilization D. Reproductive methods are different

18. The picture on the lower right is a schematic diagram of the concentration change curve of a certain substance in the renal tubule. The substance is ( )

A. Water

B. Inorganic salts

C. Glucose

D. Urea

19. Among the following animals, the body is composed of many body segments, with an exoskeleton, The one with segmented legs and antennae is ( )

A. Dragonfly B. Earthworm C． bat d. Turtle

20. Among the following taxonomic units, which one has the most identical characteristics among the organisms? ( )

A. Prunus genus B. Rosales C. Liliaceae D. Class Dicotyledon

21. According to news reports, in the UK, a cat that had just lost its puppies used its own milk to feed three puppies that had just been born without their mothers. The "mother-child" love Deeply like a family. The correct explanation for this behavior of cats is ( )

①It is innate behavior, ②It is learned behavior, ③It is determined by genetic material, ④It is determined by environmental factors

A. ①④ B. ②④ C. ①③ D. ②③

22. At present, people think that an ideal bioreactor is the "breast bioreactor", that is, humans transform the ( ) of certain animals (such as cows and sheep) to make these Animal breasts can produce and secrete certain substances we need

A. Breasts B. Genes C. Nucleus D. Chromosomes

23. When blowing moldy objects, often There is dust flying. The main component of this dust is ( )

A. Bacterial spores B. Mold seeds C. Mold spores D. Dust on objects

24. Among the following animals, the mammal that is both a rare animal special to my country and a "living fossil" is ( )

A. Alligator B White Crane C Gibbon D Panda

25. Different concepts have different scopes.

Regarding the following relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes, which one is correct ( )

B.

26. The somatic cells of cattle contain 30 pairs of chromosomes. The number of chromosomes contained in the reproductive cells and fertilized eggs of cattle is ( )

A. 30, 30 pairs B. 30 pairs, 30 C. 30, 30 D. 30 pairs, 30 pairs

27. A certain couple gave birth to four children, all of them girls. Among the following analysis of the causes, the correct one is ( )

A. All the egg cells produced by the woman contain two X chromosomes

B. All the sperm produced contain X chromosomes

C. During fertilization of this couple, sperm containing X chromosomes combine with egg cells every time

D. Above All three situations are possible

28. The most direct and important evidence for studying biological evolution is ( )

A. Rock formation B. Stratum C. fossil d. Water layer

29. Which of the following statements about the evolution of vertebrates is incorrect ( )

A. Vertebrates gradually evolved from primitive invertebrates

B. Reptiles evolved directly from ancient fish

C. Birds and mammals have the closest genetic relationship because they both originated from ancient reptiles

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D. The earliest vertebrates were ancient fish

30. Which of the following is not a commonly used household medicine ( )

A. Cold granules B. Berberine C. Red potion D. Golden Partner

2. Short answer questions (40 points)

31. (5 points) The picture shows the food chain in the ecosystem. Answer according to the picture:

< p> (1) To form an ecosystem, in addition to the lack of abiotic parts, it also lacks _________.

(2) In the picture, green plants→hares→foxes form a food chain. The relationship between foxes and hares is .

(3). Overall, the largest number is _________ in the picture. In this ecosystem, the proportion and quantity of various organisms can remain relatively stable for a long time. This phenomenon is called _________.

(4) It is the largest ecosystem.

32. (4 points) Scientists have done the following experiments. They marked the dark-colored birch moths and the light-colored birch moths separately, and then released them in different locations. After a period of time, the released Collect the birch moths as much as possible and count their numbers. The results are as follows:

(1) The body color of the birch moths has different shades. This is a phenomenon (fill in "heredity" or "variation") . Assuming that the dark color is controlled by the dominant gene (represented by B) and the light color is controlled by the recessive gene (represented by b), then the genetic composition of the dark moth may be or .

(2) It can be seen from the table that the protective colors of birch moths living in different environments are different. According to Darwin's theory, the formation of protective color is the result of ( ).

A. Long-term smoke B. Prey on food of this color for a long time C. Long-term natural selection

(3) The ontogeny of the birch moth goes through four stages: egg, larvae, and adult. We call this development type complete metamorphosis.

33. (5 points) Figure 5 is a schematic diagram imitating an experiment done by British scientist Priestley (note: the glass cover is airtight).

(1) In this experiment, A and B are used as a group of experiments.

(2) In B, plant photosynthesis provides the mouse with respiration

. At the same time, the oxygen produced by the mouse's respiration also provides raw materials for plant photosynthesis.

(3) How to ensure that there is only one variable in the experiment in terms of experimental materials: .

(4) After the first experiment, when the results are found to be inconsistent with the hypothesis, which of the following does not conform to the practice of scientific inquiry ( )

A. Negate the original hypothesis and draw a conclusion contrary to the hypothesis

B. Repeat the original experimental plan several times to check whether the experimental results are consistent

C. Check the experimental plan and retest the hypothesis through experiments

34. (5 points) A student did an experiment as shown in the figure below. Add 2 ml of paste to each of test tubes No. 1 and 2; add 2 ml of water to test tube No. 1, and add 2 ml of saliva to test tube No. 2. After the two test tubes are fully shaken, put them into a beaker filled with warm water for 10 minutes and take them out. After cooling, add 2 drops of iodine solution to each (the iodine solution turns blue when exposed to starch) and observe the experimental phenomenon.

Answer related questions:

(1) The phenomena that occurred in the two test tubes are: test tube No. 1; test tube No. 2.

(2) Test tubes No. 1 and No. 2 in the beaker on the right are suitable for placing in warm water of ℃ for the best effect.

(3) This experiment proves that salivary amylase has a digestive effect on , and this digestive process starts in the human digestive tract.

35. (5 points) In the picture on the right, a mosquito

bites A’s blood and then sucks

B’s blood. If A The blood of B contains filariasis larvae - microfilariae

. Person B contracted filariasis after being bitten by a mosquito. Please answer the following questions :

(1) A is _______________, and B was ______________ before getting sick.

(2) Microfilariae are.

(3) There are many measures to prevent infectious diseases. Based on the following scenario, write down the specific content of the preventive measures:

① Send patients with severe infectious diseases to the hospital and stay in isolation Ward. The effect of this measure is:

.

②Doctors or visitors should wear isolation gowns or masks. The effect of this measure is:

.

36. (10 points) Read the following information and answer the following questions:

Fuwa conveys friendship, peace, proactive spirit and harmonious coexistence between man and nature to children around the world good wishes.

The Fuwa are five cute and close friends. Their shapes incorporate the images of fish, giant pandas, Tibetan antelopes, swallows and the Olympic flame.

Each doll has a catchy name: "Beibei", "Jingjing", "Huanhuan", "Yingying" and "Nini". Put the names together, and you will read Beijing's warm invitation to the world, "Beijing welcomes you."

(1) The head decoration of "Beibei" uses the fish pattern from the Chinese Neolithic Age. The movement method of fish is , the respiratory organs are , and body temperature is .

(2) "Jingjing" is a cute and naive giant panda. "Jingjing" comes from the vast forest, symbolizing the harmonious existence of man and nature. The decoration on his head is derived from the lotus petal shape found on Song porcelain. The giant panda is a nationally protected animal. Its food is food and it is a food animal and acts as a food processor in the biosphere.

(3) "Yingying" is a nimble, agile and galloping animal. It is a unique protected animal on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

(4) "Nini" comes from the sky and is a flying swallow. Its creative shape comes from the traditional sand swallow kite in Beijing. It belongs to the category, and its unique breathing method is.

37. (6 points) Yum Brands, a subsidiary of KFC, issued a public statement in Shanghai on March 16, 2005, announcing that KFC New Orleans Grilled Wings and New Orleans Grilled Chicken Leg Burger seasonings would be inspected on the 15th. Sudan Red (No. 1) was found in the product. All KFC restaurants in the country immediately stopped selling these two products and destroyed all seasonings. It turns out that Sudan red is not a food additive. It is a chemical dye whose chemical component is a compound called naphthalene, which is also an artificial chemical agent. Sudan red is an azo chemical dye and is mainly used to enhance the color of solvents, waxes, gasoline, and to enhance the luster of shoes, floors, etc.

Studies have shown that "Sudan Red No. 1" is carcinogenic and can cause cancer in mice. It has also shown possible carcinogenic properties in human liver cell studies. Because this kind of dye, which is used as food coloring, will only slowly affect the health of consumers and will not cause cancer quickly, it is very hidden. "Sudan Red No. 1" forms a moderately toxic carcinogen "aniline" after being degraded by the human body. Excessive "aniline" is inhaled into the human body, which may cause tissue hypoxia, poor breathing, and cause central nervous system, cardiovascular System damage can even lead to infertility. Animal experiments show that "Sudan Red No. 1" can cause certain cancers in mice, but it is not a serious carcinogen. Don't panic too much. Sudan red is mainly used (currently found) in: chili sauce, chili oil, spicy radish, pickles, and fermented bean curd.

Based on the above information, please answer:

(1) What kind of substance is "Sudan Red No. 1"? Why does it attract the attention of the whole society? (2 points)

(2) What do you know about food safety after reading the materials? What inspired you (about food safety)? (2 points)

(3) How do you think food problems caused by such substances should be controlled? (2 points)

Reference answers:

1. Multiple choice questions (2 points each, ***60 points)

1, B 2, D 3. D 4, B 5, A 6, D 7, D 8, D 9, D 10, C 11, C

12, C 13, B 14, D 15, C 16, B 17 , B 18, C 19, A 20, A 21, C

22, B 23, C 24, D 25, B 26, A 27, C 28, C 29, B 30, D

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2. Short answer questions (***40 points)

31. (5 points) (1) Decomposer (2) Predator (3) Grass (producer) (4) Ecology Balance (5) Biosphere

32. (5 points) (1) Variation (2)BB Bb (3)C (4) Pupa

33. (5 points) (1 )Control (2) Oxygen and carbon dioxide (3) Except for plants, other materials must be taken from the same conditions (4) A

34. (4 points) (1) Turn blue and not change blue (2) 37 (3 ) Starch

35 (5 points) (1) People susceptible to the source of infection (2) Pathogens (3) ① Control the source of infection

② Cut off the transmission route

36. (10 points) (1) Swimming gills are not constant (2) Mammals of arrow bamboo

Consumers (3) Tibetan antelope (4) Double breathing of birds

37 , (6 points) (1) "Sudan Red No. 1" is a chemical dye; "Sudan Red No. 1" forms a moderately toxic carcinogen "aniline" after being degraded by the human body. Excessive "aniline" is inhaled In the human body, it may cause tissue hypoxia, poor breathing, damage to the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, and even lead to infertility.

(2) Regarding food safety issues, it not only requires individuals to pay attention to food hygiene, but also requires the joint efforts of all departments of society.

Inspiration: Do not eat food sold on the street without a health permit; eat less and do not eat pickled food; do not drink or eat foods containing preservatives, dyes and other beverages; etc.

(3) Relevant national departments should increase inspections and penalties; strictly control the circulation of relevant substances; people should enhance food safety awareness; etc.