Morphological characteristics of evergreen trees, the big branches are generally flat, irregularly whorled, and the branchlets are slightly drooping. The bark is grayish brown, which splits into scales and peels off when it gets old. Leaves are spirally scattered on long branches and clustered on short branches. The leaves are needle-shaped, hard, tapering, light green to blue-green. Dioecious, sparse and identical, with a single branch at the top. The cones are oval to oval-ovoid, and the seed scales and seeds are scattered at the same time after maturity, and the seeds have wings. The flowering period is from June 10 to June 1 1, and the flowering period of male cones is about10 days earlier than that of female cones. The cones matured in the second year (10).
Ecological habits originated in Himalayan region, widely distributed in Bhutan, Nepal, India and Afghanistan, and the vertical distribution height is 1300-3300m. The tropical climate from warm temperate zone to Central Asia with annual precipitation of 600- 1000 mm grows best in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Strong cold resistance, large seedlings can withstand short-term low temperature of -25℃, but in hot and humid climate conditions, they often grow poorly. I prefer light, but my childhood is a little covered. Big trees need enough light, otherwise they will grow badly or wither. The requirements for soil are not strict, and both acidic soil and slightly alkaline soil can adapt. Deep, fertile and loose soil is most suitable for its growth, and it can also adapt to sticky loess and barren dry land. Drought resistance, water resistance and moisture resistance. Shallow roots and poor wind resistance. The resistance to sulfur dioxide is weak, and high concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air often leads to plant death, especially when new buds germinate in April-May.
Most cedars have the peculiar smell of males and females. In addition, due to the unexpected flowering period, the natural pollination effect is poor. In order to get full seeds, artificial pollination is needed.
Propagation and cultivation generally adopt sowing and cutting propagation. Sowing can be carried out in the middle and late March, and the sowing amount is 75 kg/hectare. You can also sow early to increase the disease resistance of seedlings. Choose sandy loam with good drainage and ventilation as seedbed. Soak the seeds in cold water for 1-2 days before sowing, and then dry them before sowing. After 3-5 days, the seeds began to germinate for about 1 month, and the germination rate reached 90%. Pay attention to shading at seedling stage to prevent the harm of Rhizoctonia solani and cutworms. Annual seedlings can reach 30-40 cm high and can be transplanted in the next spring. Cutting propagation can be carried out in spring and summer. Spring should be before March 20, and summer is best in late July. In spring, cutting off the annual thick branches of young mother trees and treating them with rooting powder or 500 mg/L NAA can promote rooting. Then insert it into sandy loam with good ventilation, water it fully, and build a double-layer shade shed for shade. In summer, semi-lignified branches should be selected as cuttings. In addition to strengthening shading, plastic film should be covered to keep humidity. Callus can be formed 30-50 days after transplanting. At this time, 0.2% urea and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for external fertilization.
Breeding seedlings can be transplanted after 1-2 years in bed. Transplantation can be carried out in February-March. Plants need to carry earth balls and erect poles. The plant spacing is from 50 cm to 200 cm, and gradually increases. Topdressing for 2-3 times during the growth period generally does not require shaping and pruning, but only sparse dead branches and densely planted weak branches in the canopy. Botrytis cinerea can be controlled by spraying benadryl or zineb, and scale insects, moths and butterflies can be controlled by spraying omethoate and trichlorfon.
Cedar, the scientific name of Cedar.
Alias Himalayan cedar, Himalayan cedar
It turns out that evergreen trees are more than 50 meters high. The trunk ends are straight, the big branches rotate irregularly, spread flat, the twigs hang down, and the lower branches cling to each other, forming a tower-shaped crown. The bark is gray-brown, smooth when young, and cracked into scales when old. The leaves are needle-shaped, blue-green, 2.5-5 cm long, closed at the top, spirally scattered on long branches, dioecious on short branches, rarely coextensive, and solitary at the top of cones. The female cone was purple at first, and then turned pale green; Male cones are almost yellow. The flowering period is10-1month, but the male cone blooms about 7- 15 days earlier than the female cone. The cones are oval, erect and mature in the second year. It needs a mild and cool climate and deep and well-drained soil in the upper layer. I like sunshine, but I am also quiet, shade-tolerant, in acidic soil and slightly alkaline.
Sexual soil can adapt and grow on cohesive loess and barren dry land; However, in waterlogged depressions or places where the groundwater level is too high, it will grow poorly or even die, and it is a shallow-rooted tree species. Easy to be blown down by the wind. Young leaves are extremely sensitive to sulfur dioxide and have weak resistance to tobacco damage. Seedling growth is slow. Usually, male plants bloom after the age of 20, and female plants bloom and bear seeds after the age of 30. Because of the different flowering periods, the natural pollination effect is poor. It is usually necessary to collect and store pollen in advance, and artificial pollination can be carried out when the female Qionghua is mature to obtain more high-quality seeds. Usually propagated by sowing or cutting. Sowing can be done in late March, and the sowing amount is about 5 kg per mu. It will germinate and be unearthed in about 15 days. The seedlings need a shade shed. Cuttings are usually carried out in spring and autumn. Soaking the base of cuttings with 500PPm NAA for 5 minutes can promote rooting. After insertion, a 1-2-layer shading shed should be built, covered with plastic film and strictly shaded. About 30 ~ 50 large leaves form callus after insertion. At this time, 0.2% urea solution and 0. 1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for root fertilization. Propagation seedlings can be transplanted in seedbed 1-2 years later. For leaf transplantation in February and March, the plant needs to bring a ball and erect a pole. The row spacing of the first transplanted plants is about 50 cm, and the row spacing of the second transplanted plants should be expanded to 1-2 meters. Top dressing should be applied 2-3 times during the growth period. Generally, there is no need to trim branches, just remove diseased dead branches and weak branches in the dense crown. Diseases and insect pests are prone to occur at seedling stage, especially Rhizoctonia solani and cutworms. Other pests include grubs, giant bag moths, Dendrolimus punctatus, Dendrolimus punctatus, red wax scale, termites, etc. , to control in time. There are 4 species belonging to the same genus * * *; Cedar is produced in China; Short-leaf chicory, Atlantic chicory and Lebanese chicory are produced abroad. The latter two have been introduced and cultivated in Nanjing, Hangzhou, Lushan and other places for many years. Cedar is one of the world-famous ornamental trees in gardens. It has strong dust-proof, noise-reducing and sterilization capabilities, and is also suitable for greening trees in industrial and mining enterprises.
Dioecious, with different flowering periods, it is an evergreen conifer introduced from Japan. It has become a world-famous ornamental tree species because of its tall and beautiful shape. Cedar is cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, and has strong adaptability to soil. As long as the drainage is good and there is no air pollution, it can grow well, be easily transplanted and have a high survival rate.
Name: Cedar Category: gymnosperm arbor
Family name: Pinaceae
Latin name: Cedar
Ecological habit
Cedar can adapt to a wide range of climate, and can grow from subtropical zone to the south of cold zone. It grows well in the area with annual rainfall of 600- 1000 mm and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Cedar has strong cold tolerance, and the absolute minimum temperature in Nanjing reached-15.9 degrees Celsius in 1995. There is no freezing injury, but it is not suitable for hot and humid climate and often grows poorly. Cedar is a positive tree species, which can bear some shade when it is young, while big trees need enough light, otherwise they will grow poorly or wither. Cedar likes deep, fertile and well-drained soil, and can also adapt to barren and gravel land, but it is afraid that water, low-lying stagnant water or places with too high and impermeable groundwater level will lead to poor growth and even death. Cedar has weak wind resistance and smoke damage resistance, and is sensitive to harmful gas of sulfur dioxide. In the unfolding period of young leaves, such as when the air humidity is high, young leaves are vulnerable to sulfur dioxide. After being killed, young leaves quickly wither and even the whole plant dies.
morphological character
An evergreen tree with a conical crown. Bark is grayish brown with scales; The big branches rotate irregularly and spread flat; Annual branches are yellow-brown, hairy, and short branches are gray. The leaves are needle-shaped, gray-green, equal in width and thickness, with several stomatal lines on both sides, dioecious and a few coextensive. Male cones are oval, 2-3 cm long; The female cone is ovoid and about 0.8 cm long. Cone oval, blunt tip, red-brown when mature; The seed scales are wide fan-shaped, inverted triangle, and the back is densely covered with rust-colored short fluff; The seeds are triangular and have wide wings. Flowering period 10- 1 1 month; The cones ripen in September-65438+10 of the following year.
Breeding and cultivation
There are mainly methods such as sowing, cutting, layering and grafting. The main methods used are cutting and sowing. Cedar seedlings propagated by sowing method have symmetrical branches, strong germination, good tree shape and strong stress resistance, and are cutting mother trees for cutting propagation.
Garden use
Cedar is a world-famous ornamental tree species, with tall and beautiful trees. Indian folks regard it as a sacred tree. It is most suitable for solitary planting in the center of lawn, building hall, square or both sides of main building, and at the entrance of garden gate. The big branches at the lower part of its trunk spread out from near the ground, which is not bitter for many years and can form a lush and majestic crown. In addition, it is also very spectacular to plant on both sides of the garden road to form a tunnel.
Distribution of origin
Native to the western Himalayas, from Afghanistan to India at an altitude of1300-3300m; China was introduced from 1920, and now it is cultivated in major cities in the Yangtze River basin. Qingdao's Song Xue, Xi, Kunming, Beijing, Zhengzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing and other places can grow good ecological habits.
Cedar can adapt to a wide range of climate, and can grow from subtropical zone to the south of cold zone. It grows well in the area with annual rainfall of 600- 1000 mm and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Cedar has strong cold tolerance, and the absolute minimum temperature in Nanjing reached-15.9 degrees Celsius in 1995. There is no freezing injury, but it is not suitable for hot and humid climate and often grows poorly. Cedar is a positive tree species, which can bear some shade when it is young, while big trees need enough light, otherwise they will grow poorly or wither. Cedar likes deep, fertile and well-drained soil, and can also adapt to barren and gravel land, but it is afraid that water, low-lying stagnant water or places with too high and impermeable groundwater level will lead to poor growth and even death. Cedar has weak wind resistance and smoke damage resistance, and is sensitive to harmful gas of sulfur dioxide. In the unfolding period of young leaves, such as when the air humidity is high, young leaves are vulnerable to sulfur dioxide. After being killed, young leaves quickly wither and even the whole plant dies.