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Sit on the ground, travel eight thousand miles a day, survey the sky, and look at a Tianhe River. Where did it come from?
The poem "Sit on the floor, travel 8,000 miles a day, observe the astronomical phenomena and see a Tianhe River from a distance" comes from one of Mao Zedong's Seven Laws and Two Letters to the God of plague. The straightforward meaning of these two poems is: sitting on the earth, traveling 80 thousand miles a day and looking at the vast galaxy along the heaven. The moral behind it is the author's imagination of how time flies, which shows the passage of long years grandly and vividly.

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"Seven Methods and Two Songs: Sending Sorrow to God"-Mao Zedong

original text

First song

There are many green mountains and green waters, but Hua Tuo has no choice but to be an ant!

Thousands of people in Ficus pumila lost their lives, and thousands of families sang songs.

Sitting on the ground, traveling 80 thousand miles a day, watching the sky and thousands of rivers.

Cowherd wants to ask about athel Loren, and he is equally sad.

The second song

There are willows in Qian Qian in the spring breeze, and 600 million Shenzhou is full of Shun Yao.

Red rain turns waves at will, while green hills deliberately turn bridges.

Even the Wuling silver hoe fell, and the Sanjiang iron arm shook.

Excuse me, where does Wen Jun want to go? Paper boats burn like candles.

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First song

There are so many green mountains, green waters and white streams on the land of the motherland that even Hua Tuo, an imperial doctor, has no cure for schistosomiasis.

Many villages are overgrown with weeds, desolate and uninhabited, the plague spreads mercilessly, and thousands of families are ruined, only hearing ghosts singing.

Sitting on the earth and walking 80 thousand miles every day, I have seen the vast galaxy along the heaven.

Cowherd asked about schistosomiasis, and all the joys and sorrows became a thing of the past with the passage of time.

The second song

The spring breeze blows the new green willows, and the new China is full of spring. The 600 million people are in high spirits, all of which are as old as Yao and Shun.

As you wish, Castle Peak intends to turn rugged obstacles into smooth roads.

The people waved silver hoes and solid arms to build water conservancy and renovate mountains and rivers, and the earth trembled.

Excuse me, athel Loren, where are you going? People burn paper money, light bright candles and shine in the sky to drive away the plague.

Keyword annotation

First song

Athel Loren: The ancients were superstitious, saying that the spread of human plague was dominated by ghosts and gods.

Yujiang county County: Located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province. Schistosoma japonicum: A white linear parasite that lives in snails. Adults enter human skin, leading to schistosomiasis. At first, the patient suffered from dysentery, then his appetite decreased, his spirit weakened, his whole body became emaciated, he gradually weakened, and even lost his ability to work completely. In the play, the abdomen bulges like a drum, commonly known as abdominal distension, and the mortality rate is high after entering the late stage of liver cirrhosis.

Huatuo: refers to the famous doctors who were proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology and pediatrics from the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, and generally refers to the doctors in the old society.

Ficus pumila (b √ Li √): Also known as Manglietia, ghost steamed bread. It's a wild vine that grows on the wall. The metaphor here is that the village is full of weeds such as Ficus pumila, and it is a barren and dilapidated scene. Legacy media: Legacy excrement refers to diarrhea symptoms in people with advanced schistosomiasis. In Historical Records Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru: "Although General Lian is old, he is still good at eating and drinking; But sit with the minister, pour it, and leave three arrows. "

Sitting on the ground: Mao Zedong wrote to Zhou Shizhao on 1965+05438125 October: "Sitting on the ground, traveling 80,000 miles a day, Jiang Zhuru was wrong, and there are data. The diameter of the earth is about 12500 km. If you multiply it by pi 3. 14 16, you will get about 40,000 kilometers, or 80,000 miles. This is the rotation mileage of the earth. By train, ship and bus, there is a price to pay. This is called traveling. Sitting on the earth, traveling 80 thousand miles a day without paying the price, I asked people if this was a trip, but they said no, and I didn't move. This is outrageous! Limited by customs, superstition has not been eliminated. A complete daily life is strange to many people. Sky survey means that our solar system passes through the Milky Way every day and every hour. The Milky Way is a river, and the river is infinite. "One thousand" is just a lot of words. We humans can see countless things just by' patrolling' in a river. "

Cowherd: a figure in ancient myths and legends.

Escape wave: chasing time and water, never to return.

The second song

Shun Yao: a sage and sage in ancient legends.

Red rain: colorful falling flowers. From Li He's "Into the Wine": "Love is that teenagers will be dusk and peach blossoms will fall in red rain."

Wuling: It refers to the Wuling Mountains, generally referring to the mountains in the south.

Three Rivers: Originally refers to the Yellow River, Huaihe River and Luohe River, and here refers to the vast northern Yuan Ye.

Candles on paper boats: It is a folk custom to light candles and burn paper boats when sending ghosts and gods.

Creation background

Schistosomiasis has been prevalent in China for more than 2000 years, which has caused serious harm to people's health. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the central government attached great importance to the prevention and control of schistosomiasis. 1953 or so, more than 100 medical staff were sent to the county seat of yujiang county county, which was the hardest hit area, to eliminate schistosomiasis and cure more than 1,000 people. 1on February 27th, 956, Mao Zedong emphasized at the Supreme State Conference that "the whole party should mobilize and the whole people should mobilize to eliminate schistosomiasis" and wrote the eradication of schistosomiasis into Article 40 of the agricultural development program. In the same year, a leading group for schistosomiasis control was established in the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, and a large number of medical teams were sent to the epidemic areas to carry out schistosomiasis control. This work has achieved remarkable results. The people of yujiang county County, an epidemic area, put forward the slogan of "half a year to prepare, one year to fight, and half a year to mop up the tail", giving full play to their enthusiasm, fighting the plague, vigorously building water conservancy projects, filling up gullies, and eradicating the breeding grounds of schistosomiasis. It took only two years to eradicate schistosomiasis. On June 30th, 1958, People's Daily reported the news, and published the newsletter "The First Red Flag —— Documentary Report on the Complete Eradication of Schistosomiasis in yujiang county County, Jiangxi Province". Mao Zedong was so happy after reading that he stayed up all night. He wrote this poem the next morning, and described the happy mood when writing it with a beautiful paragraph under the title. This poem was first published in the first edition of People's Daily, Poetry Magazine 1958+00 and 1958+00, and the manuscript of Mao Zedong's poem was published in the eighth edition of People's Daily on the same day. When it was published, it was entitled "Two Poems to the God of Sorrow". When I received the 1963 version of "Poems of Chairman Mao", I changed it into two poems with seven rhythms, to send them to the gods.

works appreciation

These two poems are connected chapters. Through the sharp contrast between the long-term prevalence of schistosomiasis in the old society and the rapid elimination in the new society, they exposed the heavy disasters caused by the old society to the working people and praised the heroic achievements of the socialist system and the working people in transforming mountains and rivers under the leadership of the * * * production party.

The first poem is about history, describing the long-term epidemic of schistosomiasis in old China before liberation, the bleak and depressed countryside and the miserable situation of working people, and profoundly exposing and criticizing the old society.

In the first couplet, "green mountains and green waters are white, and Huatuo is helpless", in which "green mountains and green waters" show the beautiful scenery of the south of the Yangtze River, and "green mountains and green waters" mean that there are few people, revealing the serious harm of schistosomiasis. A famous doctor like Hua Tuo, who wants to heal the wounded and rescue the dying, can do nothing about schistosomiasis, which shows that people have been suffering from schistosomiasis for a long time. This shows the infinite bitterness of the working people in the epidemic area, and also entrusts the author with infinite emotions. The sentence "Thousands of Ficus pumila people want to die, and every family sings ghosts" vividly outlines the tragic picture of schistosomiasis in the vast rural areas of the south of the Yangtze River: weeds are everywhere, pollution is everywhere, people are dying, fleeing everywhere, and there is a depression. What people can hear seems to be only the lamentation of ghosts. The phrase "sitting on the ground and traveling 80,000 miles a day, surveying the sky and looking at thousands of rivers" is the author's imagination of how time flies, which shows the passage of long years grandly and vividly. The phrase "Cowherd wants to ask the God of plague, share the same sorrow and happiness" in the couplet was born after the couplet. The author's thought is "Look at a thousand rivers in the sky", and miss the cowherd by the Tianhe River. Cowherd can be said to be the representative of the working people among the gods in the sky, and naturally he is particularly concerned about the sufferings of the people. So when Cowherd asked about the ravages of human plague, Mao Zedong replied that the sadness and pain brought by schistosomiasis in the past were gone forever. This is the end of the first poem and the starting point of the second poem.

The second poem is about reality, describing that under the socialist system, the working people in new China are full of high spirits and high morale, conquering the plague and nature, and making the motherland prosperous.

The first pair of couplets, Spring Breeze and Bright Flowers, 600 million China Colorful, depicts a picture of a new era and a new China, and depicts a picture of a beautiful spring in bright language, expressing warm praise and high praise for the spiritual realm and wisdom of the 600 million people in China. Zhuan Xu's "Red rain turns waves with one's heart, and Qingshan intentionally turns bridges" closely follows the realm of the first couplet "Spring Breeze", further developing the prosperous scenery of new China. "Red Rain" and "Castle Peak" highlight the beautiful and bright colors, which is refreshing. Among them, "Red Rain" is a poem in "Into the Wine" by Li He, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, but it is different from Li He's poem. In Li He's poems, "red rain" caused the poet's sadness in late spring; However, in Mao Zedong's works, "red rain" has become a beautiful landscape: the flower rain falls freely and turns into red waves. "Castle Peak" is no longer a "gap between green water and green hills", but brighter, newer and more energetic than in the old days. It is no longer an obstacle to traffic, but is conquered by the people and becomes a bridge between communication and the natural moat. These two poems are not only about scenery, but also lyrical. The words "freedom" and "intention" contain feelings in the scenery, which naturally blends the beauty of the scenery with the inner joy of the author. The necklace couplet of "Heaven meets the silver hoes of Wuling Mountain, and the earth shakes the Three Rivers" closely follows the sentence of "600 million", which gradually opens up the poetic realm, depicts the magnificent labor scene of people splitting mountains to control water and transform rivers and mountains, and embodies the specific connotation of "600 million China is as smooth as Yao". The couplet "Ask Wen Jun where he wants to go, and the paper boat will burn according to the sky" is the summary of two poems, pointing out the theme of sending athel loren. It is a folk custom to drive away plagues, misfortunes, plagues and evil spirits. The author uses these two poems to express the determination of China people to eradicate schistosomiasis and send away the plague. Once the paper boat lit the candle, athel Loren had nowhere to hide, and he had to run away. Calling athel Loren the monarch and using honorific terms are full of irony, including the irony of athel Loren, giving people a sense of humor to defeat athel Loren and showing the author's positive, heroic and optimistic spirit.

Generally speaking, these two poems are independent and organically related. The first one is about the sadness of the old society, and the second one is about the joy of the new era. The two have become a unified whole, each with its own wonderful and complementary features.

China modern poet Gong Mu's appreciation of Mao Zedong's poems: Imagination occupies a central position here. The fact that schistosomiasis was eliminated in yujiang county county reflects the poet's mind, and the poet's judgment on it aroused some emotion, which aroused a series of imagination, and this imaginary image strengthened this emotion. This is the fantasy society. And this kind of imagination, after cutting, polishing, using certain tools, in this case, recorded in words, has become a poem. ?

Appreciation of Poems by China Modern Editor Zhou: This poem, which sent a message to the god of plague, is linked with Willow, Completion of Shun Yi, Heaven and Earth Society and Earthquake. It not only aims at eliminating schistosomiasis, but also summarizes such ugly and harmful things as schistosomiasis. These things were very harmful in the old society. However, in socialist countries, under the leadership of the Party, the people have raised their awareness, United and brought their wisdom into play, and they have done all ugly and harmful things. This is the profound meaning in the two poems "Sending the Plague". ?

Lu, a contemporary poet in China, commented on The Whole Poem: These two poems embody the literary creation theory of high integration of revolutionary realism and revolutionary romanticism. At the same time, these two poems are not only the concrete practice of combining folk songs with classics advocated by the author, but also the classics of this combination. Judging from the traditional meter, its phonology and duality belong to the positive body. In terms of content, the historical story of man's treatment with Huatuo, the myth and legend of Cowherd, the praise of Yao and Shun by later generations, the earth's rotation in natural science (astronomy), the Milky Way and other familiar things are closely linked with the reality of eliminating schistosomiasis and the people's struggle to transform mountains and rivers, making its image vivid, appropriate and easy to understand, especially the emotions revealed in the poems, reflecting the people's * *.

Brief introduction of the author

Mao Zedong (1893— 1976), whose real name is Runzhi, took his pen name as Zi Ren. Hunan Xiangtan people. Poet, Marxism–Leninism, proletarian revolutionist, strategist and theorist, the main founders and leaders of Chinese Production Party, China People's Liberation Army and People's Republic of China (PRC), and the main founder of Mao Zedong Thought. He is the author of Mao Zedong's Poems and Mao Zedong's Anthology.