tranexamic acid

Translated into tranexamic acid in Taiwan Province province (that's what big S is called), and also called tranexamic acid and tolSemin in Chinese mainland. Open pharmacopoeia or hemostasis instructions: used for all kinds of bleeding caused by acute or chronic, localized or systemic primary fibrinolysis. Baidu Encyclopedia has increased the whitening effect of keeping pace with the times. "Its blackening and freckle removing effect is about 50 times higher than that of vitamin C and nearly 10 times that of fruit acid." Because tranexamic acid is similar to tyrosine in structure, it can competitively inhibit tyrosinase, and then reduce the formation of melanin, which is the main mechanism of its whitening. It can be said that tranexamic acid is the most powerful component of whitening needle.

glutathione

It is a tripeptide compound composed of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine, which is characterized by strong reducibility and oxidation resistance, so it is often used for visceral protection such as liver. Because its molecule contains active sulfhydryl group, it can inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and the formation of melanin, so it also has whitening effect.

Vitamin C?

This is too common, and it also has a reducing effect, which can inhibit the oxidation of dopa, reduce the melanin that has been formed in the skin into colorless substances, and make melanin water-soluble. At this point, you may understand that anything with anti-oxidation may be related to whitening.

Different manufacturers and different beauty institutions will add some other ingredients to make their whitening needles different, and there may be some shadows of traditional Chinese medicine extracts, such as Ginkgo biloba extract.